Chapter 14

In*cav"erned (n*kv"rnd), a. Inclosed or shut up as in a cavern. Drayton.

In*ced"ing*ly (n*sd"ng*l), adv. [L. incedere to walk majestically.] Majestically. [R.] C. Bronté.

In`ce*leb"ri*ty (?), n. Want of celebrity or distinction; obscurity. [R.] Coleridge.

In*cend" (?), v. t. [L. incendere, incensum, to kindle, burn. See Incense to inflame.] To inflame; to excite. [Obs.] Marston.

In*cen"di*a*rism (?), n. [From Incendiary.] The act or practice of maliciously setting fires; arson.

In*cen"di*a*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Incendiaries (#). [L. incendiarius: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.]

1. Any person who maliciously sets fire to a building or other valuable or other valuable property.

2. A person who excites or inflames factions, and promotes quarrels or sedition; an agitator; an exciter.

Several cities . . . drove them out as incendiaries.

Bentley.

In*cen"di*a*ry, a. [L. incendiarius, fr. incendium a fire, conflagration: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.]

1. Of or pertaining to incendiarism, or the malicious burning of valuable property; as, incendiary material; as incendiary crime.

2. Tending to excite or inflame factions, sedition, or quarrel; inflammatory; seditious. Paley.

Incendiary shell, a bombshell. See Carcass, 4.

In*cen"di*ous (?), a. [L. incendiosus burning, hot.] Promoting faction or contention; seditious; inflammatory. [Obs.] Bacon. -- In*cen"di*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In*cen"sant (?), a. [See Incense to anger.] (Her.) A modern term applied to animals (as a boar) when borne as raging, or with furious aspect.

In`cen*sa"tion (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) The offering of incense. [R.] Encyc. Brit.

In*cense" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.] [L. incensus, p. p. of incendere; pref. in- in + root of candere to glow. See Candle.]

1. To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle; to burn. [Obs.]

Twelve Trojan princes wait on thee, and labor to incense Thy glorious heap of funeral.

Chapman.

2. To inflame with anger; to endkindle; to fire; to incite; to provoke; to heat; to madden.

The people are incensed him.

Shak.

Syn. -- To enrage; exasperate; provoke; anger; irritate; heat; fire; instigate.

In"cense (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.] [LL. incensare: cf. F. encenser. See Incense, n.]

1. To offer incense to. See Incense. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To perfume with, or as with, incense. "Incensed with wanton sweets." Marston.

In"cense (?), n. [OE. encens, F. encens, L. incensum, fr. incensus, p. p. of incendere to burn. See Incense to inflame.]

1. The perfume or odors exhaled from spices and gums when burned in celebrating religious rites or as an offering to some deity.

A thick cloud of incense went up.

Ezek. viii. 11.

2. The materials used for the purpose of producing a perfume when burned, as fragrant gums, spices, frankincense, etc.

Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon.

Lev. x. 1.

3. Also used figuratively.

Or heap the shrine of luxury and pride, With incense kindled at the Muse's flame.

Gray.

Incense tree, the name of several balsamic trees of the genus Bursera (or Icica) mostly tropical American. The gum resin is used for incense. In Jamaica the Chrysobalanus Icaco, a tree related to the plums, is called incense tree. -- Incense wood, the fragrant wood of the tropical American tree Bursera heptaphylla.

In"cense-breath`ing (?), a. Breathing or exhaling incense. "Incense-breathing morn." Gray.

In*censed" (?), a. 1. Angered; enraged.

2. (Her.) Represented as enraged, as any wild creature depicted with fire issuing from mouth and eyes.

In*cense"ment (?), n. Fury; rage; heat; exasperation; as, implacable incensement. Shak.

In*cen"ser (?), n. One who instigates or incites.

In*cen"sion (?), n. [L. incensio. See Incense to inflame.] The act of kindling, or the state of being kindled or on fire. Bacon.

In*cen"sive (?), a. Tending to excite or provoke; inflammatory. Barrow.

In*cen"sor (?), n. [L.] A kindler of anger or enmity; an inciter.

In*cen"so*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Incensories (#). [LL. incensorium: cf. F. encensoir. See 2d Incense, and cf. Censer.] The vessel in which incense is burned and offered; a censer; a thurible. [R.] Evelyn.

In*cen"sur*a*ble (?; 135), a. [Pref. in- not + censurable: cf. F. incensurable.] Not censurable. Dr. T. Dwight. -- In*cen"sur*a*bly, adv.

In*cen"ter (?), n. (Geom.) The center of the circle inscribed in a triangle.

In*cen"tive (?), a. [L. incentivus, from incinere to strike up or set the tune; pref. in- + canere to sing. See Enchant, Chant.]

1. Inciting; encouraging or moving; rousing to action; stimulative.

Competency is the most incentive to industry.

Dr. H. More.

2. Serving to kindle or set on fire. [R.]

Part incentive reed Provide, pernicious with one touch of fire.

Milton.

In*cen"tive, n. [L. incentivum.] That which moves or influences the mind, or operates on the passions; that which incites, or has a tendency to incite, to determination or action; that which prompts to good or ill; motive; spur; as, the love of money, and the desire of promotion, are two powerful incentives to action.

The greatest obstacles, the greatest terrors that come in their way, are so far from making them quit the work they had begun, that they rather prove incentives to them to go on in it.

South.

Syn. -- Motive; spur; stimulus; incitement; encouragement; inducement; influence.

In*cen"tive*ly, adv. Incitingly; encouragingly.

In*cep"tion (?), n. [L. inceptio, fr. incipere to begin; pref. in- in + capere to take. See Capable.]

1. Beginning; commencement; initiation. Bacon.

Marked with vivacity of inception, apathy of progress, and prematureness of decay.

Rawle.

2. Reception; a taking in. [R.] Poe.

In*cep"tive (?), a. Beginning; expressing or indicating beginning; as, an inceptive proposition; an inceptive verb, which expresses the beginning of action; -- called also inchoative. -- In*cep"tive*ly, adv.

In*cep"tive, n. An inceptive word, phrase, or clause.

In*cep"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. A beginner; one in the rudiments. Johnson.

2. One who is on the point of taking the degree of master of arts at an English university. Walton.

In`cer*a"tion (?), n. [L. incerare to smear with wax; pref. in- in + cerare to wax, fr. cera wax: cf. F. incération.] The act of smearing or covering with wax. B. Jonson.

In*cer"a*tive (?), a. Cleaving or sticking like wax. Cotgrave.

In*cer"tain (?), n. [Pref. in- not + certain: cf. F. incertain, L. incertus. See Certain.] Uncertain; doubtful; unsteady. -- In*cer"tain*ly, adv.

Very questionable and of uncertain truth.

Sir T. Browne.

In*cer"tain*ty (?), n. Uncertainty. [Obs.] Shak.

In*cer"ti*tude (?), n. [Cf. F. incertitude, LL. incertitudo, fr. L. incertus. See Incertain.] Uncertainty; doubtfulness; doubt.

The incertitude and instability of this life.

Holland.

He fails . . . from mere incertitude or irresolution.

I. Taylor.

||In*cer"tum (?), a. Doubtful; not of definite form. || Opus incertum (Anc. Arch.), a kind of masonry employed in building walls, in which the stones were not squared nor laid in courses; rubblework.

In*ces"sa*ble (?), a. [L. incessabilis; pref. in- not + cessare to cease.] Unceasing; continual. [Obs.] Shelton. -- In*ces"sa*bly, adv. [Obs.]

In*ces"san*cy (?), n. [From Incessant.] The quality of being incessant; unintermitted continuance; unceasingness. Dr. T. Dwight.

In*ces"sant (?), a. [L. incessans, -antis; pref. in- not + cessare to cease: cf. F. incessant. See Cease.] Continuing or following without interruption; unceasing; unitermitted; uninterrupted; continual; as, incessant clamors; incessant pain, etc.

Against the castle gate, . . . Which with incessant force and endless hate, They batter'd day and night and entrance did await.

Spenser.

Syn. -- Unceasing; uninterrupted; unintermitted; unremitting; ceaseless; continual; constant; perpetual.

In*ces"sant*ly, adv. Unceasingly; continually. Shak.

In*ces"sion (?), n. [L. incedere, incessum, to walk.] Motion on foot; progress in walking. [Obs.]

The incession or local motion of animals.

Sir T. Browne.

In"cest (?), n. [F. inceste, L. incestum unchastity, incest, fr. incestus unchaste; pref. in- not + castus chaste. See Chaste.] The crime of cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons related within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law. Shak.

Spiritual incest. (Eccl. Law) (a) The crime of cohabitation committed between persons who have a spiritual alliance by means of baptism or confirmation. (b) The act of a vicar, or other beneficiary, who holds two benefices, the one depending on the collation of the other.

In*cest"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. incestuosus: cf. F. incestueux.] Guilty of incest; involving, or pertaining to, the crime of incest; as, an incestuous person or connection. Shak.

Ere you reach to this incestuous love, You must divine and human rights remove.

Dryden.

-- In*cest"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- In*cest"tu*ous*ness, n.

Inch (?), n. [Gael. inis.] An island; -- often used in the names of small islands off the coast of Scotland, as in Inchcolm, Inchkeith, etc. [Scot.]

Inch, n. [OE. inche, unche, AS. ynce, L. uncia the twelfth part, inch, ounce. See Ounce a weight.]

1. A measure of length, the twelfth part of a foot, commonly subdivided into halves, quarters, eights, sixteenths, etc., as among mechanics. It was also formerly divided into twelve parts, called lines, and originally into three parts, called barleycorns, its length supposed to have been determined from three grains of barley placed end to end lengthwise. It is also sometimes called a prime (′), composed of twelve seconds (′′), as in the duodecimal system of arithmetic.

12 seconds (′′) make 1 inch or prime. 12 inches or primes (′) make 1 foot.

B. Greenleaf.

The meter, the accepted scientific standard of length, equals 39.37 inches; the inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters. See Metric system, and Meter.

2. A small distance or degree, whether of time or space; hence, a critical moment.

Beldame, I think we watched you at an inch.

Shak.

By inches, by slow degrees, gradually. -- Inch of candle. See under Candle. -- Inches of pressure, usually, the pressure indicated by so many inches of a mercury column, as on a steam gauge. -- Inch of water. See under Water. -- Miner's inch, (Hydraulic Mining), a unit for the measurement of water. See Inch of water, under Water.

Inch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inching.]

1. To drive by inches, or small degrees. [R.]

He gets too far into the soldier's grace And inches out my master.

Dryden.

2. To deal out by inches; to give sparingly. [R.]

Inch, v. i. To advance or retire by inches or small degrees; to move slowly.

With slow paces measures back the field, And inches to the walls.

Dryden.

Inch, a. Measuring an inch in any dimension, whether length, breadth, or thickness; -- used in composition; as, a two-inch cable; a four-inch plank.

Inch stuff, boards, etc., sawed one inch thick.

In*cham"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inchambered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inchambering.] [Pref. in- in + chamber: cf. OF. enchambrer.] To lodge in a chamber. [R.] Sherwood.

In*change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Unchangeableness. [Obs.] Kenrick.

In*chant" (?), v. t. See Enchant.

In*char"i*ta*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. incharitable.] Uncharitable; unfeeling. [Obs.] Shak.

In*char"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incharité.] Want of charity. [Obs.] Evelyn.

In*chase" (?), v. t. See Enchase.

In*chas"ti*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + chastity: cf. F. inchasteté.] Unchastity. [Obs.] Milton.

Inched (?), a. Having or measuring (so many) inches; as, a four-inched bridge. Shak.

In*chest" (?), v. t. To put into a chest.

Inch"i*pin (?), n. See Inchpin.

Inch"meal` (?), n. [See Meal a part, and cf. Piecemeal.] A piece an inch long.

By inchmeal, by small degrees; by inches. Shak.

Inch"meal`, adv. Little by little; gradually.

In"cho*ate (?), a. [L. inchoatus, better incohatus, p. p. of incohare to begin.] Recently, or just, begun; beginning; partially but not fully in existence or operation; existing in its elements; incomplete. -- In"cho*ate*ly, adv.

Neither a substance perfect, nor a substance inchoate.

Raleigh.

In"cho*ate (?), v. t. To begin. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

In`cho*a"tion (?), n. [L. inchoatio, incohatio.] Act of beginning; commencement; inception.

The setting on foot some of those arts, in those parts, would be looked on as the first inchoation of them.

Sir M. Hale.

It is now in actual progress, from the rudest inchoation to the most elaborate finishing.

I. Taylor.

In*cho"a*tive (?; 277), a. [L. inchoativus, incohativus: cf. F. inchoatif.] Expressing or pertaining to a beginning; inceptive; as, an inchoative verb. "Some inchoative or imperfect rays." W. Montagu. -- n. An inchoative verb. See Inceptive.

Inch"pin (?), n. [Written also inchipin, inche-pinne, inne-pinne.] [Cf. Gael. inne, innidh, bowel, entrail.] The sweetbread of a deer. Cotgrave.

Inch"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The larva of any geometrid moth. See Geometrid.

In*cic"u*ra*ble (?), a. [L. incicur not tame; pref. in- not + cicur name.] Untamable. [R.]

In*cide" (?), v. t. [L. incidere; pref. in- in + caedere to cut. See Concise, and cf. Incise.] To cut; to separate and remove; to resolve or break up, as by medicines. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

In"ci*dence (?), n. [Cf. F. incidence.]

1. A falling on or upon; an incident; an event. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. (Physics) The direction in which a body, or a ray of light or heat, falls on any surface.

In equal incidences there is a considerable inequality of refractions.

Sir I. Newton.

Angle of incidence, the angle which a ray of light, or the line of incidence of a body, falling on any surface, makes with a perpendicular to that surface; also formerly, the complement of this angle. -- Line of incidence, the line in the direction of which a surface is struck by a body, ray of light, and the like.

In"ci*den*cy (?), n. Incidence. [Obs.] Shak.

In"ci*dent (?), a. [L. incidens, -entis, p. pr. & of incidere to fall into or upon; pref. in- in, on + cadere to fall: cf. F. incident. See Cadence.]

1. Falling or striking upon, as a ray of light upon a reflecting surface.

2. Coming or happening accidentally; not in the usual course of things; not in connection with the main design; not according to expectation; casual; fortuitous.

As the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general laws, so likewise men's rarer incident necessities and utilities should be with special equity considered.

Hooker.

3. Liable to happen; apt to occur; befalling; hence, naturally happening or appertaining.

All chances incident to man's frail life.

Milton.

The studies incident to his profession.

Milward.

4. (Law) Dependent upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the principal.

Incident proposition (Logic), a proposition subordinate to another, and introduced by who, which, whose, whom, etc.; as, Julius, whose surname was Cæsar, overcame Pompey. I. Watts.

In"ci*dent, n. [Cf. F. incident.] 1. That which falls out or takes place; an event; casualty; occurrence.

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2. That which happens aside from the main design; an accidental or subordinate action or event.

No person, no incident, in a play but must be of use to carry on the main design.

Dryden.

3. (Law) Something appertaining to, passing with, or depending on, another, called the principal. Tomlins.

Syn. -- Circumstance; event; fact; adventure; contingency; chance; accident; casualty. See Event.

In`ci*den"tal (?), a. Happening, as an occasional event, without regularity; coming without design; casual; accidental; hence, not of prime concern; subordinate; collateral; as, an incidental conversation; an incidental occurrence; incidental expenses.

By some, religious duties . . . appear to be regarded . . . as an incidental business.

Rogers.

Syn. -- Accidental; casual; fortuitous; contingent; chance; collateral. See Accidental.

-- In`ci*den"tal*ly, adv. -- In`ci*den"tal*ness, n.

I treat either or incidentally of colors.

Boyle.

In`ci*den"tal, n. An incident; that which is incidental; esp., in the plural, an aggregate of subordinate or incidental items not particularized; as, the expense of tuition and incidentals. Pope.

In"ci*dent*ly (?), adv. Incidentally. [Obs.]

In*cin"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being incinerated or reduced to ashes. Sir T. Browne.

In*cin"er*ate (?), [LL. incineratus, p. p. of incinerare to incinerate; L. pref. in- in + cinis, cineris, ashes.] Reduced to ashes by burning; thoroughly consumed. [Obs.] Bacon.

In*cin"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incinerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incinerating (?).] To burn to ashes; to consume; to burn. Bacon.

It is the fire only that incinerates bodies.

Boyle.

In*cin`er*a"tion (?), n. [LL. incineratio: cf. F. incinération.] The act of incinerating, or the state of being incinerated; cremation.

The phenix kind, Of whose incineration, There riseth a new creation.

Skelton.

{ In*cip"i*ence (?), In*cip"i*en*cy (?), } n. [L. incipientia.] Beginning; commencement; incipient state.

In*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. incipiens, p. pr. of incipere to begin. See Inception.] Beginning to be, or to show itself; commencing; initial; as, the incipient stage of a fever; incipient light of day. -- In*cip"i*ent*ly, adv.

In*cir"cle (?), v. t. See Encircle.

In*cir"clet (?), n. [Cf. Encirclet.] A small circle. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

In*cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + circumscriptible: cf. LL. incircumscriptibilis.] Incapable of being circumscribed or limited. Cranmer.

In*cir`cum*scrip"tion (?), n. Condition or quality of being incircumscriptible or limitless. Jer. Taylor.

In*cir"cum*spect (?), a. [Pref. in- not + circumspect.] Not circumspect; heedless; careless; reckless; impolitic. Tyndale.

In*cir`cum*spec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incirconspection.] Want of circumspection. Sir T. Browne.

In*cise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incising.] [L. incisus, p. p. of incidere to incise: cf. F. inciser. See Incide.]

1. To cut in or into with a sharp instrument; to carve; to engrave.

I on thy grave this epitaph incise.

T. Carew.

2. To cut, gash, or wound with a sharp instrument; to cut off.

In*cised" (?), a. 1. Cut in; carved; engraved.

2. (Bot.) Having deep and sharp notches, as a leaf or a petal.

In*cise"ly (?), adv. In an incised manner.

In*ci"sion (?), n. [L. incisio: cf. F. incision. See Incise.]

1. The act of incising, or cutting into a substance. Milton.

2. That which is produced by incising; the separation of the parts of any substance made by a cutting or pointed instrument; a cut; a gash.

3. Separation or solution of viscid matter by medicines. [Obs.]

In*ci"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. incisif.]

1. Having the quality of incising, cutting, or penetrating, as with a sharp instrument; cutting; hence, sharp; acute; sarcastic; biting. "An incisive, high voice." G. Eliot.

And her incisive smile accrediting That treason of false witness in my blush.

Mrs. Browning.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the incisors; incisor; as, the incisive bones, the premaxillaries.

In*ci"sor (?; 277), n. [NL.] (Anat.) One of the teeth in front of the canines in either jaw; an incisive tooth. See Tooth.

In*ci"sor, a. Adapted for cutting; of or pertaining to the incisors; incisive; as, the incisor nerve; an incisor foramen; an incisor tooth.

In*ci"so*ry (?), a. Having the quality of cutting; incisor; incisive.

In*cis"ure (?; 277), n. [L. incisura: cf. F. incisure.] A cut; an incision; a gash. Derham.

In*cit"ant (?), a. [L. incitans, -antis, p. pr. of incitare. See Incite.] Inciting; stimulating.

In*cit"ant, n. That which incites; an inciting agent or cause; a stimulant. E. Darwin.

In`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incitatio: cf. F. incitation.]

1. The act of inciting or moving to action.

2. That which incites to action; that which rouses or prompts; incitement; motive; incentive.

The noblest incitation to honest attempts.

Tatler.

In*cit"a*tive (?), n. A provocative; an incitant; a stimulant. [R.] Jervas.

In*cite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incited (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inciting.] [L. incitare; pref. in- in + citare to rouse, stir up: cf. F. inciter. See Cite.] To move to action; to stir up; to rouse; to spur or urge on.

Anthiochus, when he incited Prusias to join in war, set before him the greatness of the Romans.

Bacon.

No blown ambition doth our arms incite.

Shak.

Syn. -- Excite; stimulate; instigate; spur; goad; arouse; move; urge; rouse; provoke; encourage; prompt; animate. See Excite.

In*cite"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. incitement.]

1. The act of inciting.

2. That which incites the mind, or moves to action; motive; incentive; impulse. Burke.

From the long records of a distant age, Derive incitements to renew thy rage.

Pope.

Syn. -- Motive; incentive; spur; stimulus; impulse; encouragement.

In*cit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, incites.

In*cit"ing*ly, adv. So as to incite or stimulate.

In*ci`to-mo"tor (?), a. [L. incitus incited + E. motor.] (Physiol.) Inciting to motion; -- applied to that action which, in the case of muscular motion, commences in the nerve centers, and excites the muscles to contraction. Opposed to excito-motor.

In*ci`to-mo"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Incitomotor.

In*civ"il (?), a. [L. incivilis; pref. in- not + civilis civil: cf. F. incivil.] Uncivil; rude. [Obs.] Shak.

In`ci*vil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incivilities (#). [L. incivilitas: cf. F. incivilité.]

1. The quality or state of being uncivil; want of courtesy; rudeness of manner; impoliteness. Shak. Tillotson.

2. Any act of rudeness or ill breeding.

Uncomely jests, loud talking and jeering, which, in civil account, are called indecencies and incivilities.

Jer. Taylor.

3. Want of civilization; a state of rudeness or barbarism. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Syn. -- Impoliteness; uncourteousness; unmannerliness; disrespect; rudeness; discourtesy.

In*civ`i*li*za"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + civilization.] The state of being uncivilized; want of civilization; barbarism.

In*civ"il*ly (?), adv. Uncivilly. [Obs.] Shak.

In*civ"ism (?), n. [Pref. in- not + civism: cf. F. incivisme.] Want of civism; want of patriotism or love to one's country; unfriendliness to one's state or government. [R.] Macaulay.

In`cla*ma"tion (?), n. [L. inclamatio. See 1st In-, and Claim.] Exclamation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In*clasp" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + clasp. Cf. Enclasp.] To clasp within; to hold fast to; to embrace or encircle. [Written also enclasp.]

The flattering ivy who did ever see Inclasp the huge trunk of an aged tree.

F. Beaumont.

In*clau"dent (?), a. Not closing or shutting.

In"cla*va`ted (?), a. [LL. inclavatus; L. pref. in- in + clavare to fasten with nails, fr. clavus nail.] Set; fast; fixed. Dr. John Smith.

In*clave" (?), a. [See Inclavated.] (Her.) Resembling a series of dovetails; -- said of a line of division, such as the border of an ordinary.

In"cle (?), n. Same as Inkle.

In*clem"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Inclemencies (#). [L. inclementia: cf. F. inclémence.]

1. The state or quality of being inclement; want of clemency; want of mildness of temper; unmercifulness; severity.

The inclemency of the late pope.

Bp. Hall.

2. Physical severity or harshness (commonly in respect to the elements or weather); roughness; storminess; rigor; severe cold, wind, rain, or snow.

The inclemencies of morning air.

Pope.

The rude inclemency of wintry skies.

Cowper.

Syn. -- Harshness; severity; cruelty; rigor; roughness; storminess; boisterousness.

In*clem"ent (?), a. [L. inclemens; pref. in- not + clemens mild: cf. F. inclément. See Clement.]

1. Not clement; destitute of a mild and kind temper; void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh.