Chapter 94

2. To give audience or attention to; to listen to; to heed; to accept the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to examine; to try in a judicial court; as, to hear a recitation; to hear a class; the case will be heard to- morrow.

3. To attend, or be present at, as hearer or worshiper; as, to hear a concert; to hear Mass.

4. To give attention to as a teacher or judge.

Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee.

2 Sam. xv. 3.

I beseech your honor to hear me one single word.

Shak.

5. To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen to and answer favorably; to favor.

I love the Lord, because he hath heard my voice.

Ps. cxvi. 1.

They think that they shall be heard for their much speaking.

Matt. vi. 7.

Hear him. See Remark, under Hear, v. i. -- To hear a bird sing, to receive private communication. [Colloq.] Shak. -- To hear say, to hear one say; to learn by common report; to receive by rumor. [Colloq.]

Hear, v. i. 1. To have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. "The hearing ear." Prov. xx. 12.

2. To use the power of perceiving sound; to perceive or apprehend by the ear; to attend; to listen.

So spake our mother Eve, and Adam heard, Well pleased, but answered not.

Milton.

3. To be informed by oral communication; to be told; to receive information by report or by letter.

I have heard, sir, of such a man.

Shak.

I must hear from thee every day in the hour.

Shak.

To hear ill, to be blamed. [Obs.]

Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he heard ill for his temporizing and slow proceedings.

Holland.

-- To hear well, to be praised. [Obs.]

Hear, or Hear him, is often used in the imperative, especially in the course of a speech in English assemblies, to call attention to the words of the speaker.

Hear him, . . . a cry indicative, according to the tone, of admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision.

Macaulay.

Heard (hrd), imp. & p. p. of Hear.

Hear"er (hr"r), n. One who hears; an auditor.

Hear"ing, n. 1. The act or power of perceiving sound; perception of sound; the faculty or sense by which sound is perceived; as, my hearing is good.

I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear.

Job xlii. 5.

Hearing in a special sensation, produced by stimulation of the auditory nerve; the stimulus (waves of sound) acting not directly on the nerve, but through the medium of the endolymph on the delicate epithelium cells, constituting the peripheral terminations of the nerve. See Ear.

2. Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard; audience; as, I could not obtain a hearing.

3. A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake of adjudication; a session of a court for considering proofs and determining issues.

His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing.

Shak.

Another hearing before some other court.

Dryden.

Hearing, as applied to equity cases, means the same thing that the word trial does at law. Abbot.

4. Extent within which sound may be heard; sound; earshot. "She's not within hearing." Shak.

They laid him by the pleasant shore, And in the hearing of the wave.

Tennyson.

Heark"en (h‰rk"'n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hearkened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearkening.] [OE. hercnen, hercnien, AS. hercnian, heorcnian, fr. hiÈran, hran, to hear; akin to OD. harcken, horcken, LG. harken, horken, G. horchen. See Hear, and cf. Hark.] 1. To listen; to lend the ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give heed; to hear, in order to obey or comply.

The Furies hearken, and their snakes uncurl.

Dryden.

Hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you.

Deut. iv. 1.

2. To inquire; to seek information. [Obs.] "Hearken after their offense." Shak.

Syn. -- To attend; listen; hear; heed. See Attend, v. i.

Heark"en, v. t. 1. To hear by listening. [Archaic]

[She] hearkened now and then Some little whispering and soft groaning sound.

Spenser.

2. To give heed to; to hear attentively. [Archaic]

The King of Naples . . . hearkens my brother's suit.

Shak.

To hearken out, to search out. [Obs.]

If you find none, you must hearken out a vein and buy.

B. Johnson.

Heark"en*er (-r), n. One who hearkens; a listener.

Hear"sal (hr"sal), n. Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hear"say` (hr"s`), n. Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another.

Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our great national poet originated in frivolous hearsays of his life and conversation.

Prof. Wilson.

Hearsay evidence (Law), that species of testimony which consists in a narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony. Abbott.

Hearse (hrs), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hind in the second year of its age. [Eng.] Wright.

Hearse (hrs), n. [See Herse.] 1. A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.

2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument. [Archaic] "Underneath this marble hearse." B. Johnson.

Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows.

Fairfax

Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse.

Longfellow.

3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave. [Obs.]

Set down, set down your honorable load, It honor may be shrouded in a hearse.

Shak.

4. A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the grave.

Hearse, v. t. To inclose in a hearse; to entomb. [Obs.] "Would she were hearsed at my foot." Shak.

Hearse"cloth` (-klth`; 115), n. A cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall. Bp. Sanderson.

Hearse"like` (-lk`), a. Suitable to a funeral.

If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many hearselike airs as carols.

Bacon.

Heart (h‰rt), n. [OE. harte, herte, heorte, AS. heorte; akin to OS. herta, OFies. hirte, D. hart, OHG. herza, G. herz, Icel. hjarta, Sw. hjerta, Goth. haÌrt, Lith. szirdis, Russ. serdtse, Ir. cridhe, L. cor, Gr. kardi`a, kh^r √227. Cf. Accord, Discord, Cordial, 4th Core, Courage.] 1. (Anat.) A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

Why does my blood thus muster to my heart!

Shak.

In adult mammals and birds, the heart is four-chambered, the right auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left auricle and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systemic veins to the right auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left ventricle, from which it is driven into the systemic arteries. See Illust. under Aorta. In fishes there are but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less completely. The so- called lymph hearts, found in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump the lymph into the veins.

2. The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; -- usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral affections and character itself; the individual disposition and character; as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish heart.

Hearts are dust, hearts' loves remain.

Emerson.

3. The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; as, the heart of a country, of a tree, etc.

Exploits done in the heart of France.

Shak.

Peace subsisting at the heart Of endless agitation.

Wordsworth.

4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit.

Eve, recovering heart, replied.

Milton.

The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly from one country invade another.

Sir W. Temple.

5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or bad.

That the spent earth may gather heart again.

Dryden.

6. That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation, -- used as a symbol or representative of the heart.

7. One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or figures of a heart; as, hearts are trumps.

8. Vital part; secret meaning; real intention.

And then show you the heart of my message.

Shak.

9. A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address. "I speak to thee, my heart." Shak.

Heart is used in many compounds, the most of which need no special explanation; as, heart-appalling, heart-breaking, heart-cheering, heart-chilled, heart-expanding, heart-free, heart-hardened, heart-heavy, heart-purifying, heart-searching, heart-sickening, heart-sinking, heart-sore, heart-stirring, heart-touching, heart-wearing, heart-whole, heart-wounding, heart-wringing, etc.

After one's own heart, conforming with one's inmost approval and desire; as, a friend after my own heart.

The Lord hath sought him a man after his own heart.

1 Sam. xiii. 14.

-- At heart, in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is at heart a good man. -- By heart, in the closest or most thorough manner; as, to know or learn by heart. "Composing songs, for fools to get by heart" (that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly). Pope. -- For my heart, for my life; if my life were at stake. [Obs.] "I could not get him for my heart to do it." Shak. -- Heart bond (Masonry), a bond in which no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid header fashion. Knight. -- Heart and hand, with enthusiastic coˆperation. -- Heart hardness, hardness of heart; callousness of feeling; moral insensibility. Shak. -- Heart heaviness, depression of spirits. Shak. -- Heart point (Her.), the fess point. See Escutcheon. -- Heart rising, a rising of the heart, as in opposition. -- Heart shell (Zoˆl.), any marine, bivalve shell of the genus Cardium and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the European Isocardia cor; -- called also heart cockle. -- Heart sickness, extreme depression of spirits. -- Heart and soul, with the utmost earnestness. -- Heart urchin (Zoˆl.), any heartshaped, spatangoid sea urchin. See Spatangoid. -- Heart wheel, a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See Cam. -- In good heart, in good courage; in good hope. -- Out of heart, discouraged. -- Poor heart, an exclamation of pity. -- To break the heart of. (a) To bring to despair or hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow. (b) To bring almost to completion; to finish very nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has broken the heart of the task. -- To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. "I could find in my heart to ask your pardon." Sir P. Sidney. -- To have at heart, to desire (anything) earnestly. -- To have in the heart, to purpose; to design or intend to do. -- To have the heart in the mouth, to be much frightened. -- To lose heart, to become discouraged. -- To lose one's heart, to fall in love. -- To set the heart at rest, to put one's self at ease. -- To set the heart upon, to fix the desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of. -- To take heart of grace, to take courage. -- To take to heart, to grieve over. -- To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to expose one's feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive. - - With all one's heart, With one's whole heart, very earnestly; fully; completely; devotedly.

Heart (h‰rt), v. t. To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit. [Obs.]

My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason.

Shak.

Heart, v. i. To form a compact center or heart; as, a hearting cabbage.

Heart"ache` (-k`), n. [Cf. AS. heortece.] Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang. Shak.

Heart"break` (-brk`), n. Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief. Shak.

Heart"break`ing, a. Causing overpowering sorrow.

Heart"bro`ken (-br`k'n), a. Overcome by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved.

Heart"burn` (-b˚rn`), n. (Med.) An uneasy, burning sensation in the stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is sometimes idiopathic, but is often a symptom of other complaints.

Heart"burned` (-b˚rnd`), a. Having heartburn. Shak.

Heart"burn`ing (-b˚rn`ng), a. Causing discontent.

Heart"burn`ing, n. 1. (Med.) Same as Heartburn.

2. Discontent; secret enmity. Swift.

The transaction did not fail to leave heartburnings.

Palfrey.

Heart"dear` (-dr`), a. Sincerely beloved. [R.] Shak.

Heart"deep` (-dp`), a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert.

Heart"-eat`ing (-t`ng), a. Preying on the heart.

Heart"ed, a. 1. Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections, disposition, or character).

2. Shaped like a heart; cordate. [R.] Landor.

3. Seated or laid up in the heart.

I hate the Moor: my cause is hearted.

Shak.

This word is chiefly used in composition; as, hard- hearted, faint-hearted, kind-hearted, lion- hearted, stout-hearted, etc. Hence the nouns hard- heartedness, faint-heartedness, etc.

Heart"ed*ness, n. Earnestness; sincerity; heartiness. [R.] Clarendon.

See also the Note under Hearted. The analysis of the compounds gives hard-hearted + -ness, rather than hard + heartedness, etc.

Heart"en (h‰rt"'n), v. t. [From Heart.] 1. To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden.

Hearten those that fight in your defense.

Shak.

2. To restore fertility or strength to, as to land.

Heart"en*er (-r), n. One who, or that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up. W. Browne.

Heart"felt` (-flt`), a. Hearty; sincere.

Heart"grief` (-grf`), n. Heartache; sorrow. Milton.

Hearth (h‰rth), n. [OE. harthe, herth, herthe, AS. heor; akin to D. haard, heerd, Sw. h‰rd, G. herd; cf. Goth. ha˙ri a coal, Icel. hyrr embers, and L. cremare to burn.] 1. The pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a corresponding part of a stove.

There was a fire on the hearth burning before him.

Jer. xxxvi. 22.

Where fires thou find'st unraked and hearths unswept. There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry.

Shak.

2. The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its inmates and of hospitality to strangers; fireside.

Household talk and phrases of the hearth.

Tennyson.

3. (Metal. & Manuf.) The floor of a furnace, on which the material to be heated lies, or the lowest part of a melting furnace, into which the melted material settles.

Hearth ends (Metal.), fragments of lead ore ejected from the furnace by the blast. -- Hearth money, Hearth penny [AS. heorpening], a tax formerly laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying the church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; -- called also chimney money, etc.

He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them from the . . . burden of the hearth money.

Macaulay.

Hearth"stone` (-stn`), n. Stone forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home.

Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone.

A. Lincoln.

Heart"i*ly (h‰rt"*l), adv. [From Hearty.] 1. From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity.

I heartily forgive them.

Shak.

2. With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly; cordially; as, he heartily assisted the prince.

To eat heartily, to eat freely and with relish. Addison.

Syn. -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously; actively; warmly; eagerly; ardently; earnestly.

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Heart"i*ness (h‰rt"*ns), n. The quality of being hearty; as, the heartiness of a greeting.

Heart"less, a. 1. Without a heart.

You have left me heartless; mine is in your bosom.

J. Webster.

2. Destitute of courage; spiritless; despondent.

Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their ground.

Dryden.

Heartless and melancholy.

W. Irwing.

3. Destitute of feeling or affection; unsympathetic; cruel. "The heartless parasites." Byron.

-- Heart"less*ly, adv. -- Heart"less*ness, n.

Heart"let (-lt), n. A little heart.

Heart"lings (-lngz), interj. An exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance. [Obs.] Shak.

Heart"pea` (-p`), n. (Bot.) Same as Heartseed.

Heart"quake` (-kwk`), n. Trembling of the heart; trepidation; fear.

In many an hour of danger and heartquake.

Hawthorne.

Heart"rend`ing (-rnd`ng), a. Causing intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very distressing.

Heart"-rob`bing (-rb`bng), a. 1. Depriving of thought; ecstatic. "Heart-robbing gladness." Spenser.

2. Stealing the heart or affections; winning.

Heart's"-ease` (h‰rts"z`), n. 1. Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or feeling. Shak.

2. (Bot.) A species of violet (Viola tricolor); -- called also pansy.

Heart"seed` (h‰rt"sd`), n. (Bot.) A climbing plant of the genus Cardiospermum, having round seeds which are marked with a spot like a heart. Loudon.

Heart"shaped` (-shpt`), a. Having the shape of a heart; cordate.

Heart"sick` (-sk`), a. [AS. heortseÛc.] Sick at heart; extremely depressed in spirits; very despondent.

Heart"some (-sm), a. Merry; cheerful; lively. [Scot.]

Heart"-spoon` (-spn`), n. A part of the breastbone. [Obs.]

He feeleth through the herte-spon the pricke.

Chaucer.

Heart"strick`en (-strk`'n), a. Shocked; dismayed.

Heart"strike` (-strk`), v. t. To affect at heart; to shock. [R.] "They seek to heartstrike us." B. Jonson.

Heart"string` (-strng`), n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart. Shak.

Sobbing, as if a heartstring broke.

Moore.

Heart"struck` (-strk`), a. 1. Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind. "His heartstruck injuries." Shak.

2. Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken. Milton.

Heart"swell`ing (-swl`ng), a. Rankling in, or swelling, the heart. "Heartswelling hate." Spenser.

Heart"-whole` (-hl`), a. [See Whole.] 1. Having the heart or affections free; not in love. Shak.

2. With unbroken courage; undismayed.

3. Of a single and sincere heart.

If he keeps heart-whole towards his Master.

Bunyan.

Heart"wood` (-wd`), n. The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer layers. It is technically known as duramen, and distinguished from the softer sapwood or alburnum.

Heart"-wound`ed (h‰rt"wnd`d or - wound`d), a. Wounded to the heart with love or grief. Pope.

Heart"y (h‰rt"), a. [Compar. Heartier (-*r); superl. Heartiest.] 1. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a hearty welcome; hearty in supporting the government.

Full of hearty tears For our good father's loss.

Marston.

2. Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a hearty man; hearty timber.

3. Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, hearty food; a hearty meal.

Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous. -- Hearty, Cordial, Sincere. Hearty implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and manners; cordial refers to the warmth and liveliness with which the feelings are expressed; sincere implies that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the heart. A man should be hearty in his attachment to his friends, cordial in his reception of them to his house, and sincere in his offers to assist them.

Heart"y, n.; pl. Hearties (-z). Comrade; boon companion; good fellow; -- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors. Dickens.

Heart"y*hale` (-hl`), a. Good for the heart. [Obs.]

Heat (ht), n. [OE. hete, hÊte, AS. htu, hto, fr. ht hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See Hot.] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode of motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric.

As affecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body.

2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold.

3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc.

Else how had the world . . . Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat!

Milton.

4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise.

It has raised . . . heats in their faces.

Addison.

The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red heat, a white-flame heat, and a sparkling or welding heat.

Moxon.

5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats.

6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three.

Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats.

Dryden.

[He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "Tam o' Shanter."

J. C. Shairp.

7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party. "The heat of their division." Shak.

8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation. "The heat and hurry of his rage." South.

9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.

With all the strength and heat of eloquence.

Addison.

10. Sexual excitement in animals.

11. Fermentation.