Chapter 93

2. Obscure; confused; not clear; as, a hazy argument; a hazy intellect. Mrs. Gore.

He (h), pron. [nom. He; poss. His (hz); obj. Him (hm); pl. nom. They (); poss. Their or Theirs (‚rz or rz); obj. Them (m).] [AS. h, masc., heÛ, fem., hit, neut.; pl. h, or hie, hig; akin to OFries. hi, D. hij, OS. he, hi, G. heute to-day, Goth. himma, dat. masc., this, hina, accus. masc., and hita, accus. neut., and prob. to L. hic this. √183. Cf. It.] 1. The man or male being (or object personified to which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified subject already indicated.

Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.

Gen. iii. 16.

Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve.

Deut. x. 20.

2. Any one; the man or person; -- used indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun.

He that walketh with wise men shall be wise.

Prov. xiii. 20.

3. Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense used substantively. Chaucer.

I stand to answer thee, Or any he, the proudest of thy sort.

Shak.

When a collective noun or a class is referred to, he is of common gender. In early English, he referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In composition, he denotes a male animal; as, a he-goat.

-head (-hd), suffix. A variant of -hood.

Head (hd), n. [OE. hed, heved, heaved, AS. he·fod; akin to D. hoofd, OHG. houbit, G. haupt, Icel. hˆfu, Sw. hufvud, Dan. hoved, Goth. haubi˛. The word does not correspond regularly to L. caput head (cf. E. Chief, Cadet, Capital), and its origin is unknown.] 1. The anterior or superior part of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of the nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief sensory organs; poll; cephalon.

2. The uppermost, foremost, or most important part of an inanimate object; such a part as may be considered to resemble the head of an animal; often, also, the larger, thicker, or heavier part or extremity, in distinction from the smaller or thinner part, or from the point or edge; as, the head of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail, a ship; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a hollow vessel; as, the head of a cask or a steam boiler.

3. The place where the head should go; as, the head of a bed, of a grave, etc.; the head of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the head.

4. The most prominent or important member of any organized body; the chief; the leader; as, the head of a college, a school, a church, a state, and the like. "Their princes and heads." Robynson (More's Utopia).

The heads of the chief sects of philosophy.

Tillotson.

Your head I him appoint.

Milton.

5. The place or honor, or of command; the most important or foremost position; the front; as, the head of the table; the head of a column of soldiers.

An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke of Marlborough at the head of them.

Addison.

6. Each one among many; an individual; -- often used in a plural sense; as, a thousand head of cattle.

It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres for every head.

Graunt.

7. The seat of the intellect; the brain; the understanding; the mental faculties; as, a good head, that is, a good mind; it never entered his head, it did not occur to him; of his own head, of his own thought or will.

Men who had lost both head and heart.

Macaulay.

8. The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or river; as, the head of the Nile; hence, the altitude of the source, or the height of the surface, as of water, above a given place, as above an orifice at which it issues, and the pressure resulting from the height or from motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; as, a mill or reservoir has a good head of water, or ten feet head; also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet or the sea.

9. A headland; a promontory; as, Gay Head. Shak.

10. A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a theme to be expanded; a subdivision; as, the heads of a sermon.

11. Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength; force; height.

Ere foul sin, gathering head, shall break into corruption.

Shak.

The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last grown to such a head, that it must quickly make an end of me or of itself.

Addison.

12. Power; armed force.

My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head.

Shak.

13. A headdress; a covering of the head; as, a laced head; a head of hair. Swift.

14. An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other small cereals.

15. (Bot.) (a) A dense cluster of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a capitulum. (b) A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a cabbage or a lettuce plant.

16. The antlers of a deer.

17. A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of beer or other effervescing liquor. Mortimer.

18. pl. Tiles laid at the eaves of a house. Knight.

Head is often used adjectively or in self-explaining combinations; as, head gear or headgear, head rest. Cf. Head, a.

A buck of the first head, a male fallow deer in its fifth year, when it attains its complete set of antlers. Shak. -- By the head. (Naut.) See under By. -- Elevator head, Feed head, etc. See under Elevator, Feed, etc. -- From head to foot, through the whole length of a man; completely; throughout. "Arm me, audacity, from head to foot." Shak. -- Head and ears, with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was head and ears in debt or in trouble. [Colloq.] -- Head fast. (Naut.) See 5th Fast. -- Head kidney (Anat.), the most anterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates; the pronephros. -- Head money, a capitation tax; a poll tax. Milton. -- Head pence, a poll tax. [Obs.] -- Head sea, a sea that meets the head of a vessel or rolls against her course. -- Head and shoulders. (a) By force; violently; as, to drag one, head and shoulders. "They bring in every figure of speech, head and shoulders." Felton. (b) By the height of the head and shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as, he is head and shoulders above them. -- Head or tail, this side or that side; this thing or that; -- a phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, question, or stake, head being the side of the coin bearing the effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face on either side, that side which has the date on it), and tail the other side. -- Neither head nor tail, neither beginning nor end; neither this thing nor that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a phrase used in speaking of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made neither head nor tail of the matter. [Colloq.] -- Head wind, a wind that blows in a direction opposite the vessel's course. -- Out of one's own head, according to one's own idea; without advice or coˆperation of another. Over the head of, beyond the comprehension of. M. Arnold. -- To be out of one's head, to be temporarily insane. -- To come or draw to a head. See under Come, Draw. -- To give (one) the head, or To give head, to let go, or to give up, control; to free from restraint; to give license. "He gave his able horse the head." Shak. "He has so long given his unruly passions their head." South. -- To his head, before his face. "An uncivil answer from a son to a father, from an obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an enemy should storm his house or revile him to his head." Jer. Taylor. -- To lay heads together, to consult; to conspire. -- To lose one's head, to lose presence of mind. -- To make head, or To make head against, to resist with success; to advance. -- To show one's head, to appear. Shak. -- To turn head, to turn the face or front. "The ravishers turn head, the fight renews." Dryden.

<! p. 677 pr=JMD !>

Head (hd), a. Principal; chief; leading; first; as, the head master of a school; the head man of a tribe; a head chorister; a head cook.

Head (hd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Headed; p. pr. & vb. n. Heading.] 1. To be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army, an expedition, or a riot. Dryden.

2. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to head a nail. Spenser.

3. To behead; to decapitate. [Obs.] Shak.

4. To cut off the top of; to lop off; as, to head trees.

5. To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as to hinder or stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain; as, to head a drove of cattle; to head a person; the wind heads a ship.

6. To set on the head; as, to head a cask.

To head off, to intercept; to get before; as, an officer heads off a thief who is escaping. -- To head up, to close, as a cask or barrel, by fitting a head to.

Head, v. i. 1. To originate; to spring; to have its source, as a river.

A broad river, that heads in the great Blue Ridge.

Adair.

2. To go or point in a certain direction; to tend; as, how does the ship head?

3. To form a head; as, this kind of cabbage heads early.

Head"ache` (hd"k`), n. Pain in the head; cephalalgia. "Headaches and shivering fits." Macaulay.

Head"ach`y, a. Afflicted with headache. [Colloq.]

Head"band` (-bnd), n. 1. A fillet; a band for the head. "The headbands and the tablets." Is. iii. 20.

2. The band at each end of the back of a book.

Head"board` (-brd`), n. A board or boarding which marks or forms the head of anything; as, the headboard of a bed; the headboard of a grave.

{ Head"bor*ough Head"bor*row } (hd"br*), n. 1. The chief of a frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of ten families; -- called also borsholder, boroughhead, boroughholder, and sometimes tithingman. See Borsholder. [Eng.] Blackstone.

2. (Modern Law) A petty constable. [Eng.]

Head"-cheese` (-chz`), n. A dish made of portions of the head, or head and feet, of swine, cut up fine, seasoned, and pressed into a cheeselike mass.

Head"dress` (-drs`), n. 1. A covering or ornament for the head; a headtire.

Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful headdress, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of feathers, or a natural little plume.

Addison.

2. A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it, whether with or without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc.

Head"ed, a. 1. Furnished with a head (commonly as denoting intellectual faculties); -- used in composition; as, clear-headed, long- headed, thick-headed; a many-headed monster.

2. Formed into a head; as, a headed cabbage.

Head"er, (-r), n. 1. One who, or that which, heads nails, rivets, etc., esp. a machine for heading.

2. One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob; head; chief; leader. [R.]

3. (Arch.) (a) A brick or stone laid with its shorter face or head in the surface of the wall. (b) In framing, the piece of timber fitted between two trimmers, and supported by them, and carrying the ends of the tailpieces.

4. A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads only.

5. A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a bicycle, or in bathing; as, to take a header. [Colloq.]

{ Head`first" (hd"frst`), Head`fore"most` (-fr"mst`), } adv. With the head foremost.

Head"fish` (hd"fsh`), n. (Zoˆl.) The sunfish (Mola).

Head" gear`, or Head"gear` (-gr`), n. 1. Headdress.

2. Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or deep well.

Head"-hunt`er (-hnt`r), n. A member of any tribe or race of savages who have the custom of decapitating human beings and preserving their heads as trophies. The Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head- hunters.

-- Head"-hunt`ing, n.

Head"i*ly (-*l), adv. In a heady or rash manner; hastily; rashly; obstinately.

Head"i*ness, n. The quality of being heady.

Head"ing, n. 1. The act or state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a head.

2. That which stands at the head; title; as, the heading of a paper.

3. Material for the heads of casks, barrels, etc.

4. (Mining.) A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine; also, the end of a drift or gallery; the vein above a drift.

5. (Sewing) The extension of a line ruffling above the line of stitch.

6. (Masonry) That end of a stone or brick which is presented outward. Knight.

Heading course (Arch.), a course consisting only of headers. See Header, n. 3 (a). -- Heading joint. (a) (Carp.) A joint, as of two or more boards, etc., at right angles to the grain of the wood. (b) (Masonry) A joint between two roussoirs in the same course.

Head"land (hd"lnd), n. 1. A cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or other expanse of water. "Sow the headland with wheat." Shak.

2. A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of furrows, or near a fence. Tusser.

Head"less, a. [AS. he·fodle·s.] 1. Having no head; beheaded; as, a headless body, neck, or carcass.

2. Destitute of a chief or leader. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish; rash; obstinate. [Obs.]

Witless headiness in judging or headless hardiness in condemning.

Spenser.

Head"light` (hd"lt`), n. (Engin.) A light, with a powerful reflector, placed at the head of a locomotive, or in front of it, to throw light on the track at night, or in going through a dark tunnel.

Head"line` (-ln`), n. 1. (Print.) The line at the head or top of a page.

2. (Naut.) See Headrope.

Head"long` (-lng`; 115), adv. [OE. hedling, hevedlynge; prob. confused with E. long, a. & adv.]

1. With the head foremost; as, to fall headlong. Acts i. 18.

2. Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation.

3. Hastily; without delay or respite.

Head"long, a. 1. Rash; precipitate; as, headlong folly.

2. Steep; precipitous. [Poetic]

Like a tower upon a headlong rock.

Byron.

Head"-lugged` (-lgd`), a. Lugged or dragged by the head. [R.] "The head- lugged bear." Shak.

Head"man` (hd"mn`), n.; pl. Headmen (-mn`). [AS. he·fodman.] A head or leading man, especially of a village community.

{ Head"mold` shot" Head"mould` shot" } (- mld` sht`). (Med.) An old name for the condition of the skull, in which the bones ride, or are shot, over each other at the sutures. Dunglison.

Head"most` (-mst`), a. Most advanced; most forward; as, the headmost ship in a fleet.

Head"note` (-nt`), n. A note at the head of a page or chapter; in law reports, an abstract of a case, showing the principles involved and the opinion of the court.

Head"pan` (-pn`), n. [AS. he·fodpanne.] The brainpan. [Obs.]

Head"piece` (-ps`), n. 1. Head.

In his headpiece he felt a sore pain.

Spenser.

2. A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as distinguished from the closed helmet of the Middle Ages.

3. Understanding; mental faculty.

Eumenes had the best headpiece of all Alexander's captains.

Prideaux.

4. An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter, or of a page.

Head"quar`ters (-kwr`trz), n. pl. [but sometimes used as a n. sing.] The quarters or place of residence of any chief officer, as the general in command of an army, or the head of a police force; the place from which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center of authority or order.

The brain, which is the headquarters, or office, of intelligence.

Collier.

Head"race` (-rs`), n. See Race, a water course.

Head"room` (-rm`), n. (Arch.) See Headway, 2.

Head"rope` (-rp`), n. (Naut.) That part of a boltrope which is sewed to the upper edge or head of a sail.

Head"sail` (-sl`), n. (Naut.) Any sail set forward of the foremast. Totten.

Head`shake` (-shk`), n. A significant shake of the head, commonly as a signal of denial. Shak.

Head"ship, n. Authority or dignity; chief place.

Heads"man (hdz"man), n.; pl. Headsmen (-men). An executioner who cuts off heads. Dryden.

Head"spring` (hd"sprng`), n. Fountain; source.

The headspring of our belief.

Stapleton.

Head"stall` (-stl`), n. That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head. Shak.

Head"stock` (-stk`), n. (Mach.) A part (usually separate from the bed or frame) for supporting some of the principal working parts of a machine; as: (a) The part of a lathe that holds the revolving spindle and its attachments; -- also called poppet head, the opposite corresponding part being called a tailstock. (b) The part of a planing machine that supports the cutter, etc.

Head"stone` (-stn`), n. 1. The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner stone. Ps. cxviii. 22.

2. The stone at the head of a grave.

Head"strong` (-strng`; 115), a. 1. Not easily restrained; ungovernable; obstinate; stubborn.

Now let the headstrong boy my will control.

Dryden.

2. Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from obstinacy; as, a headstrong course. Dryden.

Syn. -- Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; untractable; stubborn; unruly; venturesome; heady.

Head"strong`ness, n. Obstinacy. [R.] Gayton.

Head"tire` (-tr`), n. 1. A headdress. "A headtire of fine linen." 1 Esdras iii. 6.

2. The manner of dressing the head, as at a particular time and place.

Head"way` (-w`), n. 1. The progress made by a ship in motion; hence, progress or success of any kind.

2. (Arch.) Clear space under an arch, girder, and the like, sufficient to allow of easy passing underneath.

Head"work` (-w˚rk`), n. Mental labor.

Head"y, (hd"), a. [From Head.] 1. Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable.

All the talent required is to be hot, to be heady, -- to be violent on one side or the other.

Sir W. Temple.

2. Apt to affect the head; intoxicating; strong.

The liquor is too heady.

Dryden.

3. Violent; impetuous. "A heady currance." Shak.

Heal, (hl), v. t. [See Hele.] To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate, lead, or the like. [Obs.]

Heal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Healed (hld); p. pr. & vb. n. Healing.] [OE. helen, hÊlen, AS. hlan, fr. hl hale, sound, whole; akin to OS. hlian, D. heelen, G. heilen, Goth. hailjan. See Whole.] 1. To make hale, sound, or whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or other derangement; to restore to soundness or health.

Speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed.

Matt. viii. 8.

2. To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to cure; -- said of a disease or a wound.

I will heal their backsliding.

Hos. xiv. 4.

3. To restore to original purity or integrity.

Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters.

2 Kings ii. 21.

4. To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make whole; to free from guilt; as, to heal dissensions.

Heal (hl), v. i. To grow sound; to return to a sound state; as, the limb heals, or the wound heals; -- sometimes with up or over; as, it will heal up, or over.

Those wounds heal ill that men do give themselves.

Shak.

Heal, n. [AS. hlu, hl. See Heal, v. t.] Health. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Heal"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being healed.

Heal"all` (-l`), n. (Bot.) A common herb of the Mint family (Brunella vulgaris), destitute of active properties, but anciently thought a panacea.

Heald (hld), n. [CF. Heddle.] A heddle. Ure.

Heal"er (hl"r), n. One who, or that which, heals.

Heal"ful (-fl), a. Tending or serving to heal; healing. [Obs.] Ecclus. xv. 3.

Heal"ing, a. Tending to cure; soothing; mollifying; as, the healing art; a healing salve; healing words.

Here healing dews and balms abound.

Keble.

Heal"ing*ly, adv. So as to heal or cure.

Health (hlth), n. [OE. helthe, AS. hl˛, fr. hl hale, sound, whole. See Whole.] 1. The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease or pain.

There is no health in us.

Book of Common Prayer.

Though health may be enjoyed without gratitude, it can not be sported with without loss, or regained by courage.

Buckminster.

2. A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a person in a toast. "Come, love and health to all." Shak.

Bill of health. See under Bill. -- Health lift, a machine for exercise, so arranged that a person lifts an increasing weight, or moves a spring of increasing tension, in such a manner that most of the muscles of the body are brought into gradual action; -- also called lifting machine. -- Health officer, one charged with the enforcement of the sanitary laws of a port or other place. -- To drink a health. See under Drink.

Health"ful (-fl), a. 1. Full of health; free from illness or disease; well; whole; sound; healthy; as, a healthful body or mind; a healthful plant.

2. Serving to promote health of body or mind; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthful air, diet.

The healthful Spirit of thy grace.

Book of Common Prayer.

3. Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from, health or soundness; as, a healthful condition.

A mind . . . healthful and so well- proportioned.

Macaulay.

4. Well-disposed; favorable. [R.]

Gave healthful welcome to their shipwrecked guests.

Shak.

Health"ful*ly, adv. In health; wholesomely.

Health"ful*ness, n. The state of being healthful.

Health"i*ly (-*l), adv. In a healthy manner.

Health"i*ness, n. The state of being healthy or healthful; freedom from disease.

Health"less, a. 1. Without health, whether of body or mind; infirm. "A healthless or old age." Jer. Taylor.

2. Not conducive to health; unwholesome. [R.]

Health"less*ness, n. The state of being healthless.

Health"some (-sm), a. Wholesome; salubrious. [R.] "Healthsome air." Shak.

Health"ward (-wrd), a. & adv. In the direction of health; as, a healthward tendency.

Health"y (-), a. [Compar. Healthier (-*r); superl. Healthiest.] 1. Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound; free from disease; as, a healthy child; a healthy plant.

His mind was now in a firm and healthy state.

Macaulay.

2. Evincing health; as, a healthy pulse; a healthy complexion.

3. Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthy exercise; a healthy climate.

Syn. -- Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful; wholesome; salutary.

Heam (hm), n. [Cf. AS. cildhamma womb, OD. hamme afterbirth, LG. hamen.] The afterbirth or secundines of a beast.

Heap (hp), n. [OE. heep, heap, heap, multitude, AS. he·p; akin to OS. hp, D. hoop, OHG. houf, hfo, G. haufe, haufen, Sw. hop, Dan. hob, Icel. hpr troop, flock, Russ. kupa heap, crowd, Lith. kaupas. Cf. Hope, in Forlorn hope.] 1. A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of persons. [Now Low or Humorous]

The wisdom of a heap of learned men.

Chaucer.

A heap of vassals and slaves.

Bacon.

He had heaps of friends.

W. Black.

2. A great number or large quantity of things not placed in a pile. [Now Low or Humorous]

A vast heap, both of places of scripture and quotations.

Bp. Burnet.

I have noticed a heap of things in my life.

R. L. Stevenson.

3. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation; as, a heap of earth or stones.

Huge heaps of slain around the body rise.

Dryden.

Heap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heaped (hpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Heaping.] [AS. he·pian.] 1. To collect in great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to accumulate; -- usually with up; as, to heap up treasures.

Though he heap up silver as the dust.

Job. xxvii. 16.

2. To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to pile; as, to heap stones; -- often with up; as, to heap up earth; or with on; as, to heap on wood or coal.

<! p. 678 pr=JMD !>

3. To form or round into a heap, as in measuring; to fill (a measure) more than even full.

Heap"er (hp"r), n. One who heaps, piles, or amasses.

Heap"y (-), a. Lying in heaps. Gay.

Hear (hr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heard (hrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearing.] [OE. heren, AS,. hiÈran, hran, hran; akin to OS. hrian, OFries. hera, hora, D. hooren, OHG. hren, G. hˆren, Icel. heyra, Sw. hˆra, Dan. hore, Goth. hausjan, and perh. to Gr. 'akoy`ein, E. acoustic. Cf. Hark, Hearken.] 1. To perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of by the ear; as, to hear sounds; to hear a voice; to hear one call.

Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst hear the tread of travelers.

Shak.

He had been heard to utter an ominous growl.

Macaulay.