Chapter 88

5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures, trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc.

Hung be the heavens with black.

Shak.

And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils.

Dryden.

6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room.

7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame.

Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head.

Milton.

To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head. -- To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense.

Hang, v. i. 1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay.

2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension.

3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] "Sir Balaam hangs." Pope.

4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with on or upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. "Two infants hanging on her neck." Peacham.

5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight.

Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden.

Addison.

6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with over; as, evils hang over the country.

7. To lean or incline; to incline downward.

To decide which way hung the victory.

Milton.

His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung.

Pope.

8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds.

9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed.

A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan.

Milton.

To hang around, to loiter idly about. - - To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. "If any one among you hangs back." Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete. -- To hang in doubt, to be in suspense. -- To hang on (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease. -- To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be charmed by eloquence. -- To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out against an agreement. [Colloq.] -- To hang over. (a) To project at the top. (b) To impend over. -- To hang to, to cling. -- To hang together. (a) To remain united; to stand by one another. "We are all of a piece; we hang together." Dryden. (b) To be self- consistent; as, the story does not hang together. [Colloq.] -- To hang upon. (a) To regard with passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating enemy.

Hang, n. 1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; as, the hang of a scythe.

2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse. [Colloq.]

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3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.]

To get the hang of, to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to. [Colloq.]

Hang"bird` (hng"brd`), n. (Zoˆl.) The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula); -- so called because its nest is suspended from the limb of a tree. See Baltimore oriole.

Hang"-by` (-b`), n.; pl. Hang-bies (-bz`). A dependent; a hanger-on; -- so called in contempt. B. Jonson.

Hang"dog` (-dg`), n. A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.

Hang"dog`, a. Low; sneaking; ashamed.

The poor colonel went out of the room with a hangdog look.

Thackeray.

Hang"er (-r), n. 1. One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.

2. That by which a thing is suspended. Especially: (a) A strap hung to the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is suspended. (b) (Mach.) A part that suspends a journal box in which shafting runs. See Illust. of Countershaft. (c) A bridle iron.

3. That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword.

4. A steep, wooded declivity. [Eng.] Gilbert White.

Hang"er-on` (-n`), n.; pl. Hangers-on (-rz-n`). One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted. Goldsmith.

Hang"ing, a. 1. Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter. "What a hanging face!" Dryden.

2. Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves.

3. Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges.

Hanging compass, a compass suspended so that the card may be read from beneath. -- Hanging garden, a garden sustained at an artificial elevation by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon. -- Hanging indentation. See under Indentation. -- Hanging rail (Arch.), that rail of a door or casement to which hinges are attached. -- Hanging side (Mining), the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein. -- Hanging sleeves. (a) Strips of the same stuff as the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. (b) Loose, flowing sleeves. -- Hanging stile. (Arch.) (a) That stile of a door to which hinges are secured. (b) That upright of a window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened. -- Hanging wall (Mining), the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein.

Hang"ing, n. 1. The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended.

2. Death by suspension; execution by a halter.

3. That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; -- used chiefly in the plural.

Now purple hangings clothe the palace walls.

Dryden.

Hang"man (hng"man), n.; pl. Hangmen(-men). One who hangs another; esp., one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; -- sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to office. Shak.

Hang"man*ship, n. The office or character of a hangman.

Hang"nail` (-nl`), n. [A corruption of agnail.] A small piece or sliver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of a finger nail. Holloway.

Hang"nest` (-nst`), n. 1. A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.

2. A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird.

Hank (hnk), n. [Cf. Dan. hank handle, Sw. hank a band or tie, Icel. hanki hasp, clasp, hˆnk, hangr, hank, coil, skein, G. henkel, henk, handle; all prob. akin to E. hang. See Hang.] 1. A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together.

2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.]

3. Hold; influence.

When the devil hath got such a hank over him.

Bp. Sanderson.

4. (Naut.) A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay.

Hank, v. t. 1. [OE. hanken.] To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

2. To form into hanks.

Han"ker (h"kr), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hankered (- krd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hankering.] [Prob. fr. hang; cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.] 1. To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with for or after; as, to hanker after fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the town. Addison.

He was hankering to join his friend.

J. A. Symonds.

2. To linger in expectation or with desire. Thackeray.

Han"ker*ing*ly, adv. In a hankering manner.

Han"key-pan"key (h"k*p"k), n. [Cf. Hocus-pocus.] Professional cant; the chatter of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence, jugglery. [Colloq.]

Han`o*ve"ri*an (hn`*v"r*an), a. Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover in England.

Han`o*ve"ri*an, n. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of Hanover.

Han"sa (hn"s), n. See 2d Hanse.

Han"sard (-srd), n. An official report of proceedings in the British Parliament; -- so called from the name of the publishers.

Han"sard, n. A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d Hanse.

Hanse (hns), n. [Cf. F. anse handle, anse de panier surbased arch, flat arch, vault, and E. haunch hip.] (Arch.) That part of an elliptical or many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately adjoins the impost.

Hanse, n. [G. hanse, or F. hanse (from German), OHG. & Goth. hansa; akin to AS. hs band, troop.] An association; a league or confederacy.

Hanse towns (Hist.), certain commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy, called also Hansa and Hanseatic league, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised eighty-five cities. Its remnants, L¸beck, Hamburg, and Bremen, are free cities, and are still frequently called Hanse towns.

Han`se*at"ic (hn`s*t"k), a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy.

Hanseatic league. See under 2d Hanse.

Han"sel (hn"sl), n. & v. See Handsel.

Han"sel*ines (h‰n"sel*nz), n. A sort of breeches. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Han"som (hn"sm), n., Han"som cab` (kb`). [From the name of the inventor.] A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top.

He hailed a cruising hansom . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London," said Lothair.

Beaconsfield.

Han't (hnt; in England, h‰nt). A contraction of have not, or has not, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is hain't.

Han"u*man (hn"*man), n. See Hoonoomaun.

Hap (hp), v. t. [OE. happen.] To clothe; to wrap.

The surgeon happed her up carefully.

Dr. J. Brown.

Hap, n. [Cf. Hap to clothe.] A cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

Hap, n. [Icel. happ unexpected good luck. &radic;39.] That which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; luck; lot. Chaucer.

Whether art it was or heedless hap.

Spenser.

Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build Their hopes on haps.

Sir P. Sidney.

Loving goes by haps: Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps.

Shak.

Hap, v. i. [OE. happen. See Hap chance, and cf. Happen.] To happen; to befall; to chance. Chaucer.

Sends word of all that haps in Tyre.

Shak.

Ha'"pen*ny (h"pn*n), n. A half-penny.

Hap"haz`ard (hp"hz`rd or hp`hz"-), n. [Hap + hazard.] Extra hazard; chance; accident; random.

We take our principles at haphazard, upon trust.

Locke.

Hap"less (hp"ls), a. Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid. Dryden.

Hap"less*ly, adv. In a hapless, unlucky manner.

||Ha*plo"mi (h*pl"m), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "aplo`os simple + 'w^mos ||shoulder.] (Zoˆl.) An order of freshwater fishes, including the true ||pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.

Hap`lo*stem"o*nous (hp`l*stm"*ns), a. [Gr. "aplo`os simple + sth`mwn a thread.] (Bot.) Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous.

Hap"ly (hp"l), adv. By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.

Lest haply ye be found even to fight against God.

Acts v. 39.

Happed (hpt), p. a. [From 1st Hap.] Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [Scot.]

All happed with flowers in the green wood were.

Hogg.

Hap"pen (hp"p'n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Happened (-p'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Happening.] [OE. happenen, hapnen. See Hap to happen.] 1. To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out.

There shall no evil happen to the just.

Prov. xii. 21.

2. To take place; to occur.

All these things which had happened.

Luke xxiv. 14.

To happen on, to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have happened on some other accounts." Graunt. -- To happen in, to make a casual call. [Colloq.]

Hap"pi*ly (hp"p*l), adv. [From Happy.] 1. By chance; peradventure; haply. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily.

Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown.

Waller.

3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived happily with his wife.

4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to insure success; with success.

Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe.

Pope.

Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.

Hap"pi*ness, n. [From Happy.] 1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity.

All happiness bechance to thee in Milan!

Shak.

2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended with enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.

3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of language.

Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness, as well as care.

Pope.

Syn. -- Happiness, Felicity, Blessedness, Bliss. Happiness is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven.

O happiness! our being's end and aim!

Pope.

Others in virtue place felicity, But virtue joined with riches and long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease.

Milton.

His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till then, he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little.

Shak.

Hap"py (hp"p), a. [Compar. Happier (-p*r); superl. Happiest.] [From Hap chance.] 1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a happy effort; a happy venture; a happy omen.

Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the causes of them.

Boyle.

2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well- being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, happy hours, happy thoughts.

Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord.

Ps. cxliv. 15.

The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more.

Pope.

3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous.

One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a rejoinder.

Swift.

Happy family, a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant. -- Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going. "Happy- go-lucky carelessness." W. Black.

||Ha*pu"ku (h*p"k), n. (Zoˆl.) A large and valuable food fish ||(Polyprion prognathus) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one ||hundred pounds or more.

Haque"but (hk"bt), n. See Hagbut.

Ha"ra-ki`ri (h"r*k`r), n. [Jap., stomach cutting.] Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; - - also written, but incorrectly, hari-kari. W. E. Griffis.

Ha*rangue" (h*rng"), n. [F. harangue: cf. Sp. arenga, It. aringa; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. aringo arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of people, G. ring. See Ring.] A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address to a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting.

Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and harangues are heard.

Milton.

Syn. -- Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of their wrongs.

Ha*rangue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harangued (h*rngd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Haranguing.] [Cf. F. haranguer, It. aringare.] To make an harangue; to declaim.

Ha*rangue", v. t. To address by an harangue.

Ha*rangue"ful (-fl), a. Full of harangue.

Ha*rang"uer (h*rng"r), n. One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer.

With them join'd all th' haranguers of the throng, That thought to get preferment by the tongue.

Dryden.

Har"ass (hr"as), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harassed (-ast); p. pr. & vb. n. Harassing.] [F. harasser; cf. OF. harace a basket made of cords, harace, harasse,a very heavy and large shield; or harer to set (a dog) on.] To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by out.

[Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march.

Bacon.

Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care.

Addison.

Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt.

Tennyson.

Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment.

Har"ass, n. 1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Worry; harassment. [R.] Byron.

Har"ass*er (-r), n. One who harasses.

Har"ass*ment (-ment), n. The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety.

Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate.

Ld. Lytton.

Har"ber*ous (hr"br*s), a. Harborous. [Obs.]

A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly appareled, harberous.

Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2).

Har"bin*ger (-bn*jr), n. [OE. herbergeour, OF. herbergeor one who provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging, F. hÈberger, OF. herberge lodging, inn, F. auberge; of German origin. See Harbor.] 1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings. Fuller.

2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger.

I knew by these harbingers who were coming.

Landor.

Har"bin*ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harbingered (-jrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harbingering.] To usher in; to be a harbinger of. "Thus did the star of religious freedom harbinger the day." Bancroft.

Har"bor (-br), n. [Written also harbour.] [OE. herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here army, G. heer, OHG. heri, Goth. harjis, and AS. beorgan to save, shelter, defend, G. bergen. See Harry, 2d Bury, and cf. Harbinger.] 1. A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter.

[A grove] fair harbour that them seems.

Spenser.

For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked.

Dryden.

2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. (Astrol.) The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.]

4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven.

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5. (Glass Works) A mixing box for materials.

Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for the use of a harbor. -- Harbor seal (Zoˆl.), the common seal. -- Harbor watch, a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch.

Har"bor (h‰r"br), v. t. [Written also harbour.] [imp. & p. p. Harbored (-brd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harboring.] [OE. herberen, herberwen, herbergen; cf. Icel. herbergja. See Harbor, n.] To afford lodging to; to entertain as a guest; to shelter; to receive; to give a refuge to; to indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought).

Any place that harbors men.

Shak.

The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected.

Bp. Burnet.

Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage.

Rowe.

Har"bor, v. i. To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor.

For this night let's harbor here in York.

Shak.

Har"bor*age (-j), n. Shelter; entertainment.[R.]

Where can I get me harborage for the night?

Tennyson.

Har"bor*er (-r), n. One who, or that which, harbors.

Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for religion.

Strype.

Har"bor*less, a. Without a harbor; shelterless.

Har"bor mas`ter (ms`tr). An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of a harbor.

{ Har"bor*ough (-), Har"brough (-br), } n. [See Harbor.] A shelter. [Obs.]. Spenser.

Har"bor*ous (-br*s), a. Hospitable. [Obs.]

Hard (h‰rd), a. [Compar. Harder (-r); superl. Hardest.] [OE. hard, heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D. hard, G. hart, OHG. herti, harti, Icel. harr, Dan. haard, Sw. hÂrd, Goth. hardus, Gr. kraty`s strong, ka`rtos, kra`tos, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf. Skr. kratu strength, k to do, make. Cf. Hardy.] 1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.

2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem.

The hard causes they brought unto Moses.

Ex. xviii. 26.

In which are some things hard to be understood.

2 Peter iii. 16.

3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.

4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.

The stag was too hard for the horse.

L'Estrange.

A power which will be always too hard for them.

Addison.

5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms.

I never could drive a hard bargain.

Burke.

6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.

7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; harsh; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style.

Figures harder than even the marble itself.

Dryden.

8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.

9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another; -- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc.

10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone.

11. (Painting) (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade.