Chapter 75

Great (?), a. [Compar. Greater (&?;); superl. Greatest.] [OE. gret, great, AS. gre·t; akin to OS. & LG. grt, D. groot, OHG. grz, G. gross. Cf. Groat the coin.] 1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; -- opposed to small and little; as, a great house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length.

2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series, etc.

3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a great while; a great interval.

4. Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to thoughts, actions, and feelings.

5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc.

6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distinguished; foremost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal, etc.

He doth object I am too great of birth.

Shak.

7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great argument, truth, or principle.

8. Pregnant; big (with young).

The ewes great with young.

Ps. lxxviii. 71.

9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to use great caution; to be in great pain.

We have all Great cause to give great thanks.

Shak.

10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of descent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grandmother's father), great- grandson, etc.

Great bear (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major. -- Great cattle (Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. -- Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta. -- Great circle of a sphere, a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere. -- Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places. -- Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of Oxford, England; -- called also greats. T. Hughes. -- Great guns. (Naut.) See under Gun. -- The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the United States. -- Great master. Same as Grand master, under Grand. -- Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. -- The great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. -- Great primer. See under Type. -- Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; -- employed to designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- Great sea, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean seas are so called. -- Great seal. (a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state. (b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian of this seal); also, his office. -- Great tithes. See under Tithes. -- The great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful. -- The Great Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity. -- To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with him). Bacon.

Great (?), n. The whole; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the great.

Great"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a great belly; bigbellied; pregnant; teeming. Shak.

Great"coat" (?), n. An overcoat.

Great"en (?), v. t. To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to expand. [R.]

A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king].

Ken.

Great"en, v. i. To become large; to dilate. [R.]

My blue eyes greatening in the looking- glass.

Mrs. Browning.

Great"-grand"child` (?), n. The child of one's grandson or granddaughter.

Great"-grand"daugh`ter (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter.

Great"-grand"fa`ther (?), n. [See Great, 10.] The father of one's grandfather or grandmother.

Great"-grand"moth`er (?), n. The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.

Great"-grand"son` (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A son of one's grandson or granddaughter.

Great"-heart`ed (?), a. 1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] Clarendon.

2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.

Great"-heart`ed*ness, n. The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.

Great"ly, adv. 1. In a great degree; much.

I will greatly multiply thy sorrow.

Gen. iii. 16.

2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously.

By a high fate thou greatly didst expire.

Dryden.

Great"ness, n. [AS. gre·tnes.] 1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as, greatness of size, greatness of mind, power, etc.

2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]

It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your ships.

Bacon.

Greave (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Spenser.

Greave, n. [OF. grees; cf. Sp. grevas.] Armor for the leg below the knee; -- usually in the plural.

Greave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greaved (grvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greaving.] [From Greaves.] (Naut.) To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave.

Greaves (grvz), n. pl. [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG. greven, G. griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.] The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is called cracklings. [Written also graves.]

Grebe (grb), n. [F. grËbe, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to kriben crest, W. crib comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one species.] (Zoˆl.) One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), and allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.

Gre"cian" (?), a. [Cf. Greek.] Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek.

Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward. [Collog.] -- Grecian fire. See Greek fire, under Greek.

Gre"cian, n. 1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.

2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1.

The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version.

6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De Quincey.

Gre"cism (?), n. [Cf. F. grÈcisme.] An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism. Addison.

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Gre"cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grecized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grecizing.] [Cf. F. grÈciser.] 1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is Grecized. T. Warton.

2. To translate into Greek.

Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize (&?;), v. i. To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.

Gre"co-Ro"man (?), a. Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; as, Greco- Roman architecture.

||Grecque (grk), n. [F.] An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, ||esp. a fret or meander.

Gree (?), n. [F. grÈ. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.] 1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; -- used esp. in such phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke.

Fairfax.

2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

He is a shepherd great in gree.

Spenser.

3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i. e., to carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

Gree, v. i. [From Agree.] To agree. [Obs.] Fuller.

Gree, n.; pl. Grees (grz); obs. plurals Greece (grs) Grice (grs or grs), Grise, Grize (grz or grz), etc. [OF. grÈ, F. grade. See Grade.] A step.

Greece (?), n. pl. See Gree a step. [Obs.]

Greed (grd"), n. [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. grr. √34. See Greedy.] An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain.

Greed"i*ly (?), adv. In a greedy manner.

Greed"i*ness, n. [AS grdignes.] The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire.

Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness.

Shak.

Syn. -- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.

Greed"y (-), a. [Compar. Greedier (-*r); superl. Greediest.] [OE. gredi, AS. grdig, grdig; akin to D. gretig, OS. grdag, OHG. grtag, Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig, grÂdig, Icel. grugr, Goth. grdags greedy, grdn to be hungry; cf. Skr. gdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.] 1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; -- followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his prey.

2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain.

Greed"y-gut` (?), n. A glutton. [Low] Todd.

Gree"gree`, Gri"gri` (?), n. An African talisman or charm.

A greegree man, an African magician or fetich priest.

Greek (?), a. [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. ?: cf. F. grec. Cf. Grecian.] Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian.

Greek calends. See under Calends. -- Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. -- Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross. -- Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. -- Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur. Ure. -- Greek rose, the flower campion.

Greek, n. 1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece.

2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang]

Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the Greek.

Sat. Rev.

3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]

Greek"ess (?), n. A female Greek. [R.]

Greek"ish, a. [Cf. AS. Grcisc.] Peculiar to Greece.

Greek"ling (?), n. A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions. B. Jonson.

Green (?), a. [Compar. Greener (&?;); superl. Greenest.] [OE. grene, AS. gr?ne; akin to D. groen, OS. gr?ni, OHG. gruoni, G. gr?n, Dan. & Sw. gr?n, Icel. gr?nn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.] 1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald.

2. Having a sickly color; wan.

To look so green and pale.

Shak.

3. Full of life and vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a green manhood; a green wound.

As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the greenest usurpation.

Burke.

4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc.

5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.]

We say the meat is green when half roasted.

L. Watts.

6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as, green in years or judgment.

I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs.

Sir W. Scott.

7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green wood, timber, etc. Shak.

Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; -- called also cat brier. -- Green con (Zoˆl.), the pollock. -- Green crab (Zoˆl.), an edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; -- in New England locally named joe-rocker. -- Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc. -- Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. -- Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant (ArisÊma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; -- called also dragon root. -- Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; -- called also mountain green. -- Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. -- Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. -- Green fly (Zoˆl.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. -- Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. -- Green gland (Zoˆl.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antennÊ. -- Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] -- Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodiúi, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. -- Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. -- Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); -- called also green sloke. -- Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite. -- Green linnet (Zoˆl.), the greenfinch. -- Green looper (Zoˆl.), the cankerworm. -- Green marble (Min.), serpentine. -- Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. -- Green monkey (Zoˆl.) a West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. -- Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. -- Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made. -- Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. -- Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis. -- Green snake (Zoˆl.), one of two harmless American snakes (Cyclophis vernalis, and C. Êstivus). They are bright green in color. -- Green turtle (Zoˆl.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. -- Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of iron. -- Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. -- Green woodpecker (Zoˆl.), a common European woodpecker (Picus viridis); -- called also yaffle.

Green (gren), n. 1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.

2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as, the village green.

O'er the smooth enameled green.

Milton.

3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; -- usually in the plural.

In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers.

Pope.

4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food.

5. Any substance or pigment of a green color.

Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also Helvetia green. -- Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. -- Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. -- Brunswick green, an oxychloride of copper. -- Chrome green. See under Chrome. -- Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; -- called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). -- Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. -- Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; -- called also light-green. -- Mineral green. See under Mineral. - - Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a. -- Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; -- called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. -- Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.

Green, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n. Greening.] To make green.

Great spring before Greened all the year.

Thomson.

Green, v. i. To become or grow green. Tennyson.

By greening slope and singing flood.

Whittier.

Green"back" (?), n. One of the legal tender notes of the United States; -- first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.

Green"back"er (?), n. One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]

Green"bone (?), n. [So named because the bones are green when boiled.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Any garfish (Belone or Tylosurus). (b) The European eelpout.

Green"-broom` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Genista (G. tinctoria); dyer's weed; -- called also greenweed.

Green"cloth` (-klth`; 115), n. A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the gates.

Green"er*y (?), n. Green plants; verdure.

A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in greenery.

J. Ingelow.

Green"-eyed (?), a. 1. Having green eyes.

2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts. "Green-eyed jealousy." Shak.

Green"finch` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) 1. A European finch (Ligurinus chloris); -- called also green bird, green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf, greeny, and peasweep.

2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.

Green"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Bluefish, and Pollock.

Green"gage` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France Reine Claude, after the queen of Francis I. See Gage.

Green"gill` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.

Green"gro`cer (?), n. A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green state.

Green"head` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The mallard. (b) The striped bass. See Bass.

{ Green"head (?), Green"hood (?), } n. A state of greenness; verdancy. Chaucer.

Green"horn` (?), n. A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon. W. Irving.

Green"house` (?), n. A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather.

Green"ing, n. A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.

Green"ish, a. Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish yellow. -- Green"ish*ness, n.

Green"land*er (?), n. A native of Greenland.

Green"-leek` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An Australian parrakeet (Polytelis Barrabandi); -- called also the scarlet-breasted parrot.

Green"let (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) One of numerous species of small American singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or blue- headed (Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love (V. Philadelphicus); the warbling greenlet (V. gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet (V. flavifrons) and others. See Vireo.

2. (Zoˆl,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.

Green"ly, adv. With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely. -- a. Of a green color. [Obs.]

Green"ness, n. [AS. grnnes. See Green.] 1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness of grass, or of a meadow.

2. Freshness; vigor; newness.

3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience; as, the greenness of youth.

Green"ock*ite (?), n. [Named after Lord Greenock.] (Min.) Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.

Green"room` (grn"room`), n. The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.

Green"sand` (-s&?;nd`), n. (Geol.) A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime.

Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.

Green"shank` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A European sandpiper or snipe (Totanus canescens); -- called also greater plover.

Green"-stall` (?), n. A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.

Green"stone` (grn"stn`), n. [So called from a tinge of green in the color.] (Geol.) A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.

Green"sward` (-swrd') n. Turf green with grass.

Greenth (grnth), n. [Cf. Growth.] The state or quality of being green; verdure. [R.]

The greenth of summer.

G. Eliot.

Green"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Greenbroom.

Green"wood` (?), n. A forest as it appears in spring and summer.

Green"wood`, a. Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade. Dryden.

Greet (?), a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Greet, v. i. [OE. greten, AS. grtan, grtan; akin to Icel. grta, Sw. grÂta, Dan. grÊde, Goth. grctan; cf. Skr. hrd to sound, roar. √50.] To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also greit.] Spenser.

Greet, n. Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser.

Greet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] [OE. greten, AS. grtan to address, approach; akin to OS. grtian, LG. grˆten, D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. gr¸ssen. √50.] 1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token.

My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you.

Shak.

2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad.

In vain the spring my senses greets.

Addison.

3. To accost; to address. Pope.

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Greet (?), v. i. To meet and give salutations.

There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace.

Shak.

Greet, n. Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.

Greet"er (?), n. One who greets or salutes another.

Greet"er, n. One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]

Greet"ing, n. Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent.

Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings.

Shak.

Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment.

Greeve (?), n. See Grieve, an overseer.

Greeze (?), n. A step. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]

The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this.

Latimer.