Chapter 70

2. Idle talk; gossip. Mrs. Browning.

Gos"sip*y (?), a. Full of, or given to, gossip.

Gos*soon" (?), n. [Scot. garson an attendant, fr. F. garÁon, OF. gars.] A boy; a servant. [Ireland]

||Gos*syp"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gossypion, gossipion.] (Bot.) A ||genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The species are ||much confused. G. herbaceum is the name given to the common cotton ||plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by G. ||Barbadense, a shrubby variety. There are several other kinds besides ||these.

Got (?), imp. & p. p. of Get. See Get.

Gote (?), n. [Cf. LG. gote, gaute, canal, G. gosse; akin to giessen to pour, shed, AS. geÛtan, and E. fuse to melt.] A channel for water. [Prov. Eng.] Crose.

Go"ter (?), n. a gutter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Goth (?), n. [L. Gothi, pl.; cf. Gr. &?;]

1. (Ethnol.) One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire.

Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known as Ostrogoths and Visigoths, or East and West Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled Suiogoths.

2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant person. Chesterfield.

Go"tham*ist (?), n. A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; -- so called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant blunders. Bp. Morton.

Go"tham*ite (?), n. 1. A gothamist.

2. An inhabitant of New York city. [Jocular] Irving.

Goth"ic (?), a. [L. Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.]

1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous.

2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions -- prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust. of Abacus, and Capital.

Goth"ic, n. 1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See Goth.

Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary document in any Teutonic language.

2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines.

This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.

3. (Arch.) The style described in Gothic, a., 2.

Goth"i*cism (?), n. 1. A Gothic idiom.

2. Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture.

3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.

Goth"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gothicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gothicizing (?).] To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.

Gˆ"thite, or Goe"thite (&?;), n. [After the poet Gˆthe.] (Min.) A hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive, with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color varies from yellowish to blackish brown.

Got"ten (?), p. p. of Get.

||Gouache (gwsh), n. [F., It. guazzo.] A method of painting with opaque ||colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a ||preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.

Goud (?), n. [Cf. OF. gaide, F. guËde, fr. OHG. weit; or cf. F. gaude weld. Cf. Woad.] Woad. [Obs.]

||Gou`dron" (?), n. [F., tar.] (Mil.) a small fascine or fagot, steeped ||in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for igniting ||buildings or works, or to light ditches and ramparts. Farrow.

Gouge (?), n. [F. gouge. LL. gubia, guvia, gulbia, gulvia, gulvium; cf. Bisc. gubia bow, gubioa throat.]

1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood.

2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face which forms a curve.

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3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, etc. from leather, paper, etc. Knight.

4. (Mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein. Raymond.

5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.

6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish person. [Slang, U. S.]

Gouge bit, a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.

Gouge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gouged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gouging (?).] 1. To scoop out with a gouge.

2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye of (a person) with the thumb. [K S.]

A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the United States.

3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse. [Slang, U. S.]

Gou"ger (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Plum Gouger.

Gouge"shell` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell, of the genus Vermetus; also, the pinna. See Vermetus.

Gou"jere (?), n. [F. gouge prostitute, a camp trull. Cf. Good-year.] The venereal disease. [Obs.]

Gou"land (?), n. See Golding.

Gou*lard"s" ex"tract" (?). [Named after the introducer, Thomas Goulard, a French surgeon.] (Med.) An aqueous solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation. Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing this extract.

Gour (?), n. [See Giaour.] 1. A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber. Tylor.

2. (Zoˆl.) See Koulan.

||Gou"ra (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of large, crested ||ground pigeons of the genus Goura, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent ||islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon (Goura Victoria) and the crowned ||pigeon (G. coronata) are among the best known species.

Gou"ra*mi (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A very largo East Indian freshwater fish (Osphromenus gorami), extensively reared in artificial ponds in tropical countries, and highly valued as a food fish. Many unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce it into Southern Europe. [Written also goramy.]

Gourd (?), n. [F. gourde, OF. cougourde, gouhourde, fr. L. cucurbita gourd (cf. NPr. cougourdo); perh. akin to corbin basket, E. corb. Cf. Cucurbite.] 1. (Bot.) A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order CucurbitaceÊ; and especially the bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) which occurs in a great variety of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes.

2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle. Chaucer.

Bitter gourd, colocynth.

Gourd, n. A false die. See Gord.

{ Gourd, Gourde } n. [Sp. gordo large.] A silver dollar; -- so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds.

Gourd"i*ness (?), n. [From Gourdy.] (Far.) The state of being gourdy.

Gourd" tree" (?). (Bot.) A tree (the Crescentia Cujete, or calabash tree) of the West Indies and Central America.

Gourd"worm" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The fluke of sheep. See Fluke.

Gourd"y (?), a. [Either fr. gourd, or fr. F. gourd benumbed.] (Far.) Swelled in the legs.

Gour"mand (?), n. [F.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See Gormand.

That great gourmand, fat Apicius

B. Jonson.

||Gour`met" (gr`m"), n. [F.] A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an ||epicure.

Gour"net (g˚r"nt), n. (Zoˆl.) A fish. See Gurnet.

Gout (gout), n. [F. goutte a drop, the gout, the disease being considered as a defluxion, fr. L. gutta drop.]

1. A drop; a clot or coagulation.

On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood.

Shak.

2. (Med.) A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It consists in an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints, and almost always attacks first the great toe, next the smaller joints, after which it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended with various sympathetic phenomena, particularly in the digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the stomach, the intestines, etc. Dunglison.

3. A disease of cornstalks. See Corn fly, under Corn.

Gout stones. See Chalkstone, n., 2.

||Go˚t (g), n. [F., fr. L. gustus taste. See Gusto.] Taste; relish.

Gout"i*ly (?), adv. In a gouty manner.

Gout"i*ness, n. The state of being gouty; gout.

{ Gout"weed` (&?;), Gout"wort` (?) } n. [So called from having been formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.] (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (∆gopodium Podagraria); -- called also bishop's weed, ashweed, and herb gerard.

Gout"y (?), a. 1. Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a gouty person; a gouty joint.

2. Pertaining to the gout. "Gouty matter." Blackmore.

3. Swollen, as if from gout. Derham.

4. Boggy; as, gouty land. [Obs.] Spenser.

Gouty bronchitis, bronchitis arising as a secondary disease during the progress of gout. -- Gouty concretions, calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout. -- Gouty kidney, an affection occurring during the progress of gout, the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of urate of sodium.

Gove (gv), n. [Also goaf, goof, goff.] A mow; a rick for hay. [Obs.] Tusser.

Gov"ern (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Governed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Governing.] [OF. governer, F. gouverner, fr. L. gubernare to steer, pilot, govern, Gr. kyberna^n. Cf. Gubernatorial.] 1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority. "Fit to govern and rule multitudes." Shak.

2. To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to manage; as, to govern the life; to govern a horse.

Govern well thy appetite.

Milton.

3. (Gram.) To require to be in a particular case; as, a transitive verb governs a noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular case); as, a transitive verb governs the objective case.

Gov"ern, v. i. To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have the control. Dryden.

Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Governableness.

Gov"ern*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gouvernable.] Capable of being governed, or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient. Locke.

Gov"ern*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being governable; manageableness.

Gov"ern*al (?), Gov"ern*ail (&?;), n. [Cf. F. gouvernail helm, rudder, L. gubernaculum.] Management; mastery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Gov"ern*ance (?), n. [F. gouvernance.] Exercise of authority; control; government; arrangement. Chaucer. J. H. Newman.

Gov"ern*ante" (?), n. [F. gouvernante. See Govern.] A governess. Sir W. Scott.

Gov"ern*ess (?), n. [Cf. OF. governeresse. See Governor.] A female governor; a woman invested with authority to control and direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction of children, -- usually in their homes.

Gov"ern*ing, a. 1. Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; as, a governing wind; a governing party in a state. Jay.

2. (Gram.) Requiring a particular case.

Gov"ern*ment (?), n. [F. gouvernement. See Govern.] 1. The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; as, civil, church, or family government.

2. The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state; the established form of law.

That free government which we have so dearly purchased, free commonwealth.

Milton.

3. The right or power of governing; authority.

I here resign my government to thee.

Shak.

4. The person or persons authorized to administer the laws; the ruling power; the administration.

When we, in England, speak of the government, we generally understand the ministers of the crown for the time being.

Mozley & W.

5. The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as, the governments of Europe.

6. Management of the limbs or body. Shak.

7. (Gram.) The influence of a word in regard to construction, requiring that another word should be in a particular case.

Gov"ern*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. gouvernemental.] Pertaining to government; made by government; as, governmental duties.

Gov"ern*or (?), n. [OE. governor, governour, OF. governeor, F. gouverneur, fr. L. gubernator steersman, ruler, governor. See Govern.] 1. One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the supreme executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; as, the governor of Pennsylvania. "The governor of the town." Shak.

2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a tutor; a guardian.

3. (Naut.) A pilot; a steersman. [R.]

4. (Mach.) A contrivance applied to steam engines, water wheels, and other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform speed when the resistances and motive force are variable.

The illustration shows a form of governor commonly used for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (a) sliding on a rapidly revolving spindle (b), driven by the engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls (c c) to which it is connected by links (d d), the balls being attached to arms (e e) which are jointed to the top of the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle valve or cut-off through a lever (f), and its motion produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs too slowly and a less supply when too fast.

Governor cut-off (Steam Engine), a variable cut-off gear in which the governor acts in such a way as to cause the steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at points of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed. -- Hydraulic governor (Mach.), a governor which is operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.

Gov"ern*or gen"er*al (?). A governor who has lieutenant or deputy governors under him; as, the governor general of Canada, of India.

Gov"ern*or*ship, n. The office of a governor.

Gow"an (?), n. [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.] 1. The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.]

And pu'd the gowans fine.

Burns.

2. (Min.) Decomposed granite.

Gow"an*y (?), a. Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies. [Scot.]

Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay.

Ramsay.

Gowd (?), n. [Cf. Gold.] Gold; wealth. [Scot.]

The man's the gowd for a' that.

Burns.

Gowd"en (?), a. Golden. [Scot.]

Gow"die (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Dragont. [Scot.]

Gowd"nook" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The saury pike; -- called also gofnick.

Gowk (?), v. t. [See Gawk.] To make a, booby of one); to stupefy. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Gowk, n. [See Gawk.] (Zoˆl.) 1. The European cuckoo; -- called also gawky.

2. A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.

Gowl (?), v. i. [OE. gaulen, goulen. Cf. Yawl, v. i.] To howl. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Gown (?), n. [OE. goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe, akin to Ir. gunn, Gael. g˘n; cf. OF. gone, prob. of the same origin.] 1. A loose, flowing upper garment; especially: (a) The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a calico or silk gown. (b) The official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in distinction from military.

He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield.

Dryden.

(c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown.

2. Any sort of dress or garb.

He comes . . . in the gown of humility.

Shak.

Gowned (?), p. a. Dressed in a gown; clad.

Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape.

Tennyson.

Gowns"man (?), Gown"man (&?;), n.; pl. -men (-men). One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from a soldier.

Goz"zard (?), n. See Gosherd. [Prov. Eng.]

Graaf"i*an (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de Graaf, a Dutch physician.

Graafian follicles or vesicles, small cavities in which the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by the bursting of which they are discharged.

Graal (grl), n. See Grail, a dish.

Grab (grb), n. [Ar. & Hind. ghurb crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.] (Naut.) A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.

Grab (grb), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbed (grbd); p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbing.] [Akin to Sw. grabba to grasp. Cf. Grabble, Grapple, Grasp.] To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.

Grab, n. 1. A sudden grasp or seizure.

2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them; -- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven.

Grab bag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. [Colloq.] -- Grab game, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece of property. [Colloq.]

Grab"ber (?), n. One who seizes or grabs.

Grab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbling (&?;).] [Freq. of grab; cf. D. grabbelen.] 1. To grope; to feel with the hands.

He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a grabbling and fumbling.

Selden.

2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel. Ainsworth.

Grace (?), n. [F. gr‚ce, L. gratia, from gratus beloved, dear, agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. &?; to rejoice, &?; favor, grace, Skr. hary to desire, and E. yearn. Cf. Grateful, Gratis.] 1. The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred.

To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee.

Milton.

2. (Theol.) The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor.

And if by grace, then is it no more of works.

Rom. xi. 6.

My grace is sufficicnt for thee.

2 Cor. xii. 9.

Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound.

Rom. v. 20.

By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand.

Rom. v.2

3. (Law) (a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as pardon. (b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable relief through chancery.

4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with hard or sorry when it means misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or benefit.

He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good grace to grace a gentleman.

Shak.

I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of those graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing.

Blair.

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6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of form.

Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them longer, than any thing else.

Hazlitt.

I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the grace of the gift.

Longfellow.

7. pl. (Myth.) Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love, and social intercourse.

The Graces love to weave the rose.

Moore.

The Loves delighted, and the Graces played.

Prior.

8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England.

How fares your Grace !

Shak.

9. (Commonly pl.) Thanks. [Obs.]

Yielding graces and thankings to their lord Melibeus.

Chaucer.

10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before or after a meal.

11. pl. (Mus.) Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are called grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc.

12. (Eng. Universities) An act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or decree. Walton.

13. pl. A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also grace hoop or hoops.

Act of grace. See under Act. -- Day of grace (Theol.), the time of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted.

That day of grace fleets fast away.

I. Watts.

-- Days of grace (Com.), the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the days of grace are three, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants being different. -- Good graces, favor; friendship. -- Grace cup. (a) A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace. (b) A health drunk after grace has been said.

The grace cup follows to his sovereign's health.

Hing.

-- Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup.

To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the grace drink, she having established it as a rule at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper.

Encyc. Brit.

-- Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See Grace, n., 13. -- Grace note (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See Appoggiatura, and def. 11 above. -- Grace stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace. -- Means of grace, means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc. -- To do grace, to reflect credit upon.

Content to do the profession some grace.

Shak.

-- To say grace, to render thanks before or after a meal. -- With a good grace, in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously. -- With a bad grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner; ungraciously.

What might have been done with a good grace would at least be done with a bad grace.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy. -- Grace, Mercy. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the grace of God that opened a way for the exercise of mercy toward men. See Elegance.

Grace (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gracing (?).] 1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.

Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line.

Pope.

We are graced with wreaths of victory.

Shak.

2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor.

He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he would in court.

Knolles.

3. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall.

4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.

Graced (?), a. Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable. Shak.

Grace"ful (?), a. Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance; as, a graceful walk, deportment, speaker, air, act, speech.

High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode.

Dryden.

-- Grace"ful*ly, adv. Grace"ful*ness, n.

Grace"less, a. 1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. "In a graceless age." Milton.

2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n., 4. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-- Grace"less*ly, adv. -- Grace"less-ness, n.

{ Grac"ile (?), Grac"il*lent (?) } a. [L. gracilis, gracilentus.] Slender; thin. [Obs.] Bailey.

Gra*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L. gracilitas; cf. F. gracilitÈ.] State of being gracilent; slenderness. Milman. "Youthful gracility." W. D. Howells.