Chapter 41

Fre*net"ic*al (?), a. Frenetic; frantic; frenzied. -- Frenet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Fre"num (?), n.; pl. E. Frenums (#), L. Frena (#). [L., a bridle.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A cheek stripe of color.

2. (Anat.) Same as FrÊnum.

Fren"zi*cal (frn"z*kal), a. Frantic. [Obs.] Orrery.

Fren"zied (?), p. p. & a. Affected with frenzy; frantic; maddened. -- Fren"zied*ly, adv.

The people frenzied by centuries of oppression.

Buckle.

Up starting with a frenzied look.

Sir W. Scott.

Fren"zy (-z), n.; pl. Frenzies (-zz). [OE. frenesie, fransey, F. frÈnÈsie, L. phrenesis, fr. Gr. fre`nhsis for freni^tis disease of the mind, phrenitis, fr. frhn mind. Cf. Frantic, Phrenitis.] Any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness; rage.

All else is towering frenzy and distraction.

Addison.

The poet's eye in a fine frenzy rolling.

Shak.

Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; aberration; delirium. See Insanity.

Fren"zy, a. Mad; frantic. [R.]

They thought that some frenzy distemper had got into his head.

Bunyan.

Fren"zy, v. t. To affect with frenzy; to drive to madness [R.] "Frenzying anguish." Southey.

Fre"quence (?), n. [See Frequency.] 1. A crowd; a throng; a concourse. [Archaic.] Tennyson.

2. Frequency; abundance. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Fre"quen*cy (?), n.; pl. Frequencies (#). [L. frequentia numerous attendance, multitude: cf. F. frÈquence. See Frequent.] 1. The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of miracles.

The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a place of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the frequencies of ladies' visits.

Fuller.

2. A crowd; a throng. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Fre"quent (?), a. [L. frequens, -entis, crowded, frequent, akin to farcire to stuff: cf. F. frÈquent. Cf. Farce, n.] 1. Often to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring; as, frequent visits. "Frequent feudal towers." Byron.

2. Addicted to any course of conduct; inclined to indulge in any practice; habitual; persistent.

He has been loud and frequent in declaring himself hearty for the government.

Swift.

3. Full; crowded; thronged. [Obs.]

'T is CÊsar's will to have a frequent senate.

B. Jonson.

4. Often or commonly reported. [Obs.]

'T is frequent in the city he hath subdued The Catti and the Daci.

Massinger.

Fre*quent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frequented; p. pr. & vb. n. Frequenting.] [L. frequentare: cf. F. frÈquenter. See Frequent, a.] 1. To visit often; to resort to often or habitually.

He frequented the court of Augustus.

Dryden.

2. To make full; to fill. [Obs.]

With their sighs the air Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite.

Milton.

Fre*quent"a*ble (?), a. Accessible. [R.] Sidney.

Fre*quent"age (?), n. The practice or habit of frequenting. [R.] Southey.

Fre"quen*ta"tion (?), n. [L. frequentatio a crowding together, frequency: cf. F. frÈquentation.] The act or habit of frequenting or visiting often; resort. Chesterfield.

Fre*quent"a*tive (?), a. [L. frequentativus: cf. F. frÈquentatif.] (Gram.) Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action; as, a frequentative verb. -- n. A frequentative verb.

Fre*quent*er (?), n. One who frequents; one who often visits, or resorts to customarily.

Fre*quent*ly (?), adv. At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly; commonly.

Fre"quent*ness, n. The quality of being frequent.

||FrËre (?), n. [F. See Friar.] A friar. Chaucer.

Fres"cade (?), n. [See Fresco, Fresh, a.] A cool walk; shady place. [R.] Maunder.

Fres"co (?), n.; pl. Frescoes or Frescos (#). [It., fr. fresco fresh; of German origin. See Fresh, a.]

1. A cool, refreshing state of the air; duskiness; coolness; shade. [R.] Prior.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) The art of painting on freshly spread plaster, before it dries. (b) In modern parlance, incorrectly applied to painting on plaster in any manner. (c) A painting on plaster in either of senses a and b.

Fres"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frescoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frescoing.] To paint in fresco, as walls.

Fresh (frsh), a. [Compar. Fresher (-r); superl. Freshest.] [OE. fresch, AS. fersc; akin to D. versch, G. frisch, OHG. frisc, Sw. frisk, Dan. frisk, fersk, Icel. frskr frisky, brisk, ferskr fresh; cf. It. fresco, OF. fres, freis, fem. freske, fresche, F. frais, fem. fraÓche, which are of German origin. Cf. Fraischeur, Fresco, Frisk.] 1. Possessed of original life and vigor; new and strong; unimpaired; sound.

2. New; original; additional. "Fear of fresh mistakes." Sir W. Scott.

A fresh pleasure in every fresh posture of the limbs.

Landor.

3. Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for market; not stale; not dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or tainted; in good condition; as, fresh vegetables, flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc.; recently made or obtained; occurring again; repeated; as, a fresh supply of goods; fresh tea, raisins, etc.; lately come or made public; as, fresh news; recently taken from a well or spring; as, fresh water.

4. Youthful; florid; as, these fresh nymphs. Shak.

5. In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated; uncultured; unpracticed; as, a fresh hand on a ship.

6. Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for action; as, fresh for a combat; hence, tending to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or brisk; as, a fresh wind.

7. Not salt; as, fresh water, in distinction from that which is from the sea, or brackish; fresh meat, in distinction from that which is pickled or salted.

Fresh breeze (Naut.), a breeze between a moderate and a strong breeze; one blowinq about twenty miles an hour. -- Fresh gale, a gale blowing about forty-five miles an hour. -- Fresh way (Naut.), increased speed.

Syn. -- Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid; sweet; good: inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively; vigorous; strong.

Fresh, n.; pl. Freshes (&?;). 1. A stream or spring of fresh water.

He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him Where the quick freshes are.

Shak.

2. A flood; a freshet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea. Beverly.

Fresh, v. t. To refresh; to freshen. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Fresh"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freshened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freshening (?)] 1. To make fresh; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to make less salt; as, to freshen water, fish, or flesh.

2. To refresh; to revive. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. (Naut.) To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing; as, to freshen a hawse. Totten.

To freshen ballast (Naut.), to shift Or restore it. -- To freshen the hawse, to pay out a little more cable, so as to bring the chafe on another part. -- To freshen the way, to increase the speed of a vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Fresh"en (?), v. i. 1. To grow fresh; to lose saltness.

2. To grow brisk or strong; as, the wind freshens.

Fresh"et (?), n. [OE. fresche flood + -et. See Fresh, a.] 1. A stream of fresh water. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by heavy rains or melted snow; a sudden inundation.

Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers When the freshet is at highest.

Longfellow.

Fresh"ly, adv. In a fresh manner; vigorously; newly, recently; brightly; briskly; coolly; as, freshly gathered; freshly painted; the wind blows freshly.

Looks he as freshly as he did?

Shak.

Fresh"man (?), n.; pl. Freshmen (&?;). A novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge; especially, a student during his first year in a college or university.

He drank his glass and cracked his joke, And freshmen wondered as he spoke.

Goldsmith.

Freshman class, the lowest of the four classes in an American college. [ U. S.]

Fresh"man*ship, n. The state of being a freshman.

Fresh"ment (?), n. Refreshment. [Obs.]

Fresh"ness, n. The state of being fresh.

The Scots had the advantage both for number and freshness of men.

Hayward.

And breathe the freshness of the open air.

Dryden.

Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted grace.

Granville.

Fresh"-new` (?), a. Unpracticed. [Obs.] Shak.

Fresh"-wa`ter (?), a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; as, fresh-water geological deposits; a fresh- water fish; fresh-water mussels.

2. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only; unskilled as a seaman; as, a fresh-water sailor.

3. Unskilled; raw. [Colloq.] "Fresh- water soldiers." Knolles.

{ Fres`nel" lamp" (?), Fres'nel' lan'tern (?).} [From Fresnel the inventor, a French physicist.] A lantern having a lamp surrounded by a hollow cylindrical Fresnel lens.

Fres`nel" lens" (?). [See Fresnel lamp.] (Optics) See under Lens.

Fret (frt), n. [Obs.] See 1st Frith.

Fret (frt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fretted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fretting.] [OE. freten to eat, consume; AS. fretan, for foretan; pref. for- + etan to eat; akin to D. vreten, OHG. frezzan, G. fressen, Sw. fr‰ta, Goth. fra-itan. See For, and Eat, v. t.] 1. To devour. [Obs.]

The sow frete the child right in the cradle.

Chaucer.

2. To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm frets the plants of a ship.

With many a curve my banks I fret.

Tennyson.

3. To impair; to wear away; to diminish.

By starts His fretted fortunes give him hope and fear.

Shak.

4. To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to ripple; as, to fret the surface of water.

5. To tease; to irritate; to vex.

Fret not thyself because of evil doers.

Ps. xxxvii. 1.

Fret, v. i. 1. To be worn away; to chafe; to fray; as, a wristband frets on the edges.

2. To eat in; to make way by corrosion.

Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another with great excoriation.

Wiseman.

3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to rankle; as, rancor frets in the malignant breast.

4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter peevish expressions.

He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.

Dryden.

Fret, n. 1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling on the surface of water. Addison.

2. Agitation of mind marked by complaint and impatience; disturbance of temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual fret.

Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret.

Pope.

3. Herpes; tetter. Dunglison.

4. pl. (Mining) The worn sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing them, accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus indicate to the miners the locality of the veins.

Fret, v. t. [OE. fretten to adorn, AS. frÊtwan, frÊtwian; akin to OS. fratahn, cf. Goth. us-fratwjan to make wise, also AS. frÊtwe ornaments, OS. fratah adornment.] To ornament with raised work; to variegate; to diversify.

Whose skirt with gold was fretted all about.

Spenser.

Yon gray lines, That fret the clouds, are messengers of day.

Shak.

Fret, n. 1. Ornamental work in relief, as carving or embossing. See Fretwork.

2. (Arch.) An ornament consisting of small fillets or slats intersecting each other or bent at right angles, as in classical designs, or at oblique angles, as often in Oriental art.

His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the fret, ceiling, and chimney-piece with . . . carving.

Evelyn.

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3. The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold or silver wire, in which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their hair.

A fret of gold she had next her hair.

Chaucer.

Fret saw, a saw with a long, narrow blade, used in cutting frets, scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole saw; a compass saw.

Fret (?), n. [F. frette a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a dim. of L. ferrum iron. For sense 2, cf. also E. fret to rub.] 1. (Her.) A saltire interlaced with a mascle.

2. (Mus.) A short piece of wire, or other material fixed across the finger board of a guitar or a similar instrument, to indicate where the finger is to be placed.

Fret, v. t. To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.

Fret"ful (?), a. [See 2d Fret.] Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; as, a fretful temper. -- Fret"ful*ly, adv. -- Fret"ful*ness, n.

Syn. -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry. - - Fretful, Peevish, Cross. These words all indicate an unamiable working and expression of temper. Peevish marks more especially the inward spirit: a peevish man is always ready to find fault. Fretful points rather to the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be fretful. Crossness is peevishness mingled with vexation or anger.

Frett (?), n. [See 2d Fret.] (Mining) The worn side of the bank of a river. See 4th Fret, n., 4.

Frett, n. [See Frit.] A vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.

Fret"ted (?), p. p. & a. [From 2d Fret.]

1. Rubbed or worn away; chafed.

2. Agitated; vexed; worried.

Fret"ted, p. p. & a. [See 5th Fret.] 1. Ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the surface.

2. (Her.) Interlaced one with another; -- said of charges and ordinaries.

Fret"ten (?), a. [The old p. p. of fret to rub.] Rubbed; marked; as, pock-fretten, marked with the smallpox. [Obs.] Wright.

Fret"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, frets.

Fret"ty, a. [See 5th Fret.] Adorned with fretwork.

||Fre"tum (?), n.; pl. Freta (#). [L.] A strait, or arm of the sea.

Fret"work (?), n. [6th fret + work.] Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Hence, any minute play of light and shade, dark and light, or the like.

Banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and sunshine.

Macaulay.

Frey"a (fr"), n. [Icel. Freyja.] (Scand. Myth.) The daughter of Njˆrd, and goddess of love and beauty; the Scandinavian Venus; - - in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga, but in Scandinavian, distinct. [Written also Frea, Freyia, and Freyja.]

Fri"a*bii"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. friabilitÈ.] The quality of being friable; friableness. Locke.

Fri"a*ble (?), a. [L. friabilis, fr. friare to rub, break, or crumble into small pieces, cf. fricare to rub, E. fray: cf. F. friable.] Easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder. "Friable ground." Evelyn. "Soft and friable texture." Paley. -- Fri'a*ble*ness, n.

Fri"ar (?), n. [OR. frere, F. frËre brother, friar, fr. L. frater brother. See Brother.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders, viz: (a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans. (b) Augustines. (c) Dominicans or Black Friars. (d) White Friars or Carmelites. See these names in the Vocabulary.

2. (Print.) A white or pale patch on a printed page.

3. (Zoˆl.) An American fish; the silversides.

Friar bird (Zoˆl.), an Australian bird (Tropidorhynchus corniculatus), having the head destitute of feathers; -- called also coldong, leatherhead, pimlico; poor soldier, and four- o'clock. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus. -- Friar's balsam (Med.), a stimulating application for wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of benzoin. Brande & C. -- Friar's cap (Bot.), the monkshood. -- Friar's cowl (Bot.), an arumlike plant (Arisarum vulgare) with a spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl. -- Friar's lantern, the ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. Milton. -- Friar skate (Zoˆl.), the European white or sharpnosed skate (Raia alba); -- called also Burton skate, border ray, scad, and doctor.

Fri"ar*ly, a. Like a friar; inexperienced. Bacon.

Fri"ar*y (?), a. [From Friar, n.] Like a friar; pertaining to friars or to a convent. [Obs.] Camden.

Fri"ar*y, n. [OF. frerie, frairie, fr. frËre. See Friar.] 1. A monastery; a convent of friars. Drugdale.

2. The institution or practices of friars. Fuller.

Fri*a"tion (?), n. [See Friable.] The act of breaking up or pulverizing.

Frib"ble (?), a. [Cf. F. frivole, L. frivolus, or E. frippery.] Frivolous; trifling; silly.

Frib"ble, n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow; a fop.

A pert fribble of a peer.

Thackeray.

Frib"ble, v. i. 1. To act in a trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously.

The fools that are fribbling round about you.

Thackeray.

2. To totter. [Obs.]

Frib"bler (?), n. A trifler; a fribble.

Frib"bling (?), a. Frivolous; trining; toolishly captious.

{ Fri"borg , Fri"borgh } (?), n. [AS. friborh, lit., peace pledge; fri peace + borh, borg, pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of the word was confused with free, the last part, with borough.] (Old Eng. Law) The pledge and tithing, afterwards called by the Normans frankpledge. See Frankpledge. [Written also friburgh and fribourg.] Burril.

Fric"ace (?), n. [See Fricassee.] 1. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce. [Obs.] King.

2. An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the unguent.

||Fri`can`deau" (?), ||Fric`an*do" (&?;), n. [F. fricandeau; cf. Sp. ||fricandÛ.] A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of ||boned turkey, served as an entrÈe, - - called also fricandel. A. J. ||Cooley.

Fric"as*see` (?), n. [F. fricassÈe, fr. fricasser to fry, fricassee; cf. LL. fricare, perh. for frictare, fricare, frictum, to rub. Cf. Fry, Friction.] A dish made of fowls, veal, or other meat of small animals cut into pieces, and stewed in a gravy.

Fric"as*see`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fricasseed (?); p. pr. &. vb. n. Fricasseeing.] To dress like a fricassee.

Fri*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fricatio, fr. fricare, fricatum, to rub. ] Friction. [Obs.] Bacon.

Fric"a*tive (?), a. [See Frication.] (Phon.) Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc. -- n. A fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 197-206, etc.

Fric"a*trice (?), n. [Cf. L. frictrix, fr. fricare to rub.] A lewd woman; a harlot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Fric"kle (?), n. A bushel basket. [Obs.]

Fric"tion (?), n. [L. frictio, fr. fricare, frictum,to rub: cf. F. friction. See Fray to rub, arid cf. Dentifrice.] 1. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action.

2. (Mech.) The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion.

3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress.

Angle of friction (Mech.), the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane. This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of different materials. -- Anti-friction wheels (Mach.), wheels turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction; -- called also friction wheels. -- Friction balls, or Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel. -- Friction brake (Mach.), a form of dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake. -- Friction chocks, brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back. Earrow. -- Friction clutch, Friction coupling, an engaging and disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction; esp.: (a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives. (b) A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting. -- Friction drop hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod. -- Friction gear. See Frictional gearing, under Frictional. -- Friction machine, an electrical machine, generating electricity by friction. -- Friction meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants. -- Friction powder, Friction composition, a composition of chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction. -- Friction primer, Friction tube, a tube used for firing cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled. -- Friction wheel (Mach.), one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under Frictional.

Fric"tion*al (?), a. Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; as, frictional electricity.

Frictional gearing, wheels which transmit motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease friction, as required.

Fric"tion*less, a. Having no friction.

Fri"day (?), n. [AS. frigedÊg, fr. Frigu, the gooddes of marriage; friqu love + dÊg day; cf. Icel. Frigg name of a goddess, the wife of Odin or Wodan, OHG. Fratag, Icel. Frjdagr. AS. frigu is prob. from the root of E. friend, free. See Free, and Day.] The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding Saturday.

Fridge (?), v. t. [AS. frician to dance, from free bold. Cf. Freak, n.] To rub; to fray. [Obs.] Sterne.

{ Frid"stol` (frd"stl`), Frith`stool" (frth"stl`) }, n. [AS. fristl. See Fred, and Stool.] A seat in churches near the altar, to which offenders formerly fled for sanctuary. [Written variously fridstool, freedstool, etc.] [Obs.]

Fried (frd), imp. & p. p. of Fry.

Friend (frnd), n. [OR. frend, freond, AS. freÛnd, prop. p. pr. of freÛn, freÛgan, to love; akin to D. vriend friend, OS. friund friend, friohan to love, OHG. friunt friend, G. freund, Icel. frÊndi kinsman, Sw. fr‰nde. Goth. frijnds friend, frijn to love. &radic;83. See Free, and cf. Fiend.] 1. One who entertains for another such sentiments of esteem, respect, and affection that he seeks his society and welfare; a wellwisher; an intimate associate; sometimes, an attendant.

Want gives to know the flatterer from the friend.

Dryden.

A friend that sticketh closer than a brother.

Prov. xviii. 24.

2. One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address.

Friend, how camest thou in hither?

Matt. xxii. 12.

3. One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a friend to commerce, to poetry, to an institution.

4. One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers.