Chapter 34

Fore*run" (?), v. t. 1. To turn before; to precede; to be in advance of (something following).

2. To come before as an earnest of something to follow; to introduce as a harbinger; to announce.

These signs forerun the death or fall of kings.

Shak.

Fore*run"ner (?), n. 1. A messenger sent before to give notice of the approach of others; a harbinger; a sign foreshowing something; a prognostic; as, the forerunner of a fever.

Whither the forerunner in for us entered, even Jesus.

Heb. vi. 20.

My elder brothers, my forerunners, came.

Dryden.

2. A predecessor; an ancestor. [Obs.] Shak.

3. (Naut.) A piece of rag terminating the log line.

Fore"said` (?), a. Mentioned before; aforesaid.

Fore"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) (a) The sail bent to the foreyard of a square- rigged vessel, being the lowest sail on the foremast. (b) The gaff sail set on the foremast of a schooner. (c) The fore staysail of a sloop, being the triangular sail next forward of the mast.

Fore*say" (?), v. t. [AS. foresecgan; fore + secgan to say. See Say, v. t.] To foretell. [Obs.]

Her danger nigh that sudden change foresaid.

Fairfax.

Fore*see" (?), v. t. [AS. foreseÛn; fore + seÛn to see. See See, v. t.] 1. To see beforehand; to have prescience of; to foreknow.

A prudent man foreseeth the evil.

Prov. xxii. 3.

2. To provide. [Obs.]

Great shoals of people, which go on to populate, without foreseeing means of life.

Bacon.

Fore*see", v. i. To have or exercise foresight. [Obs.]

Fore*seen" (?), conj., or (strictly) p. p. Provided; in case that; on condition that. [Obs.]

One manner of meat is most sure to every complexion, foreseen that it be alway most commonly in conformity of qualities, with the person that eateth.

Sir T. Elyot.

Fore*se"er (?), n. One who foresees or foreknows.

Fore*seize" (?), v. t. To seize beforehand.

Fore*shad"ow (?), v. t. To shadow or typi&?;y beforehand; to prefigure. Dryden.

Fore*shew" (?), v. t. See Foreshow.

Fore"ship` (?), n. The fore part of a ship. [Obs.]

Fore*short"en (?), v. t. 1. (Fine Art) To represent on a plane surface, as if extended in a direction toward the spectator or nearly so; to shorten by drawing in perspective.

2. Fig.: To represent pictorially to the imagination.

Songs, and deeds, and lives that lie Foreshortened in the tract of time.

Tennyson.

Fore*short"en*ing, n. (Fine Arts) Representation in a foreshortened mode or way.

Fore"shot` (?), n. In distillation of low wines, the first portion of spirit that comes over, being a fluid abounding in fusel oil. Knight.

Fore*show" (?), v. t. [AS. foresce·wian to foresee, provide; fore + sce·wian to see. See Show, v. t.] To show or exhibit beforehand; to give foreknowledge of; to prognosticate; to foretell.

Your looks foreshow You have a gentle heart.

Shak.

Next, like Aurora, Spenser rose, Whose purple blush the day foreshows.

Denham.

Fore*show"er (?), n. One who predicts.

Fore"side (?), n. 1. The front side; the front; esp., a stretch of country fronting the sea.

2. The outside or external covering. Spenser.

Fore"sight` (?), n. 1. The act or the power of foreseeing; prescience; foreknowledge. Milton.

2. Action in reference to the future; provident care; prudence; wise forethought.

This seems an unseasonable foresight.

Milton.

A random expense, without plan or foresight.

Burke.

3. (Surv.) Any sight or reading of the leveling staff, except the backsight; any sight or bearing taken by a compass or theodolite in a forward direction.

4. (Gun.) Muzzle sight. See Fore sight, under Fore, a.

Fore"sight`ed (?), a. Sagacious; prudent; provident for the future. Bartram.

Fore"sight`ful (?), a. Foresighted. [Obs.]

Fore*sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. To signify beforehand; to foreshow; to typify. Milton.

Fore"skin (?), n. (Anat.) The fold of skin which covers the glans of the penis; the prepuce.

Fore"skirt` (?), n. The front skirt of a garment, in distinction from the train.

Honor's train Is longer than his foreskirt.

Shak.

Fore*slack" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Forslack.

Fore"sleeve` (?), n. The sleeve below the elbow.

Fore*slow" (?), v. t. [See Forslow.] To make slow; to hinder; to obstruct. [Obs.] See Forslow, v. t.

No stream, no wood, no mountain could foreslow Their hasty pace.

Fairfax.

Fore*slow", v. i. To loiter. [Obs.] See Forslow, v. i.

Fore*speak" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Forspeak.

Fore*speak", v. t. To foretell; to predict. [Obs.]

My mother was half a witch; never anything that she forespake but came to pass.

Beau. & Fl.

Fore"speak`ing, n. A prediction; also, a preface. [Obs.] Camden. Huloet.

Fore"speech` (?), n. A preface. [Obs.] Sherwood.

Fore*spent" (?), a. [Fore + spent.] Already spent; gone by; past. [Obs.] Shak.

Fore*spent", a. [Obs.] See Forspent.

Fore*spur"rer (?), n. One who rides before; a harbinger. [Obs.] Shak.

For"est (?), n. [OF. forest, F. forÍt, LL. forestis, also, forestus, forestum, foresta, prop., open ground reserved for the chase, fr. L. foris, foras, out of doors, abroad. See Foreign.] 1. An extensive wood; a large tract of land covered with trees; in the United States, a wood of native growth, or a tract of woodland which has never been cultivated.

2. (Eng. Law) A large extent or precinct of country, generally waste and woody, belonging to the sovereign, set apart for the keeping of game for his use, not inclosed, but distinguished by certain limits, and protected by certain laws, courts, and officers of its own. Burrill.

For"est, a. Of or pertaining to a forest; sylvan.

Forest fly. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of numerous species of blood-sucking flies, of the family TabanidÊ, which attack both men and beasts. See Horse fly. (b) A fly of the genus Hippobosca, esp. H. equina. See Horse tick. -- Forest glade, a grassy space in a forest. Thomson. -- Forest laws, laws for the protection of game, preservation of timber, etc., in forests. -- Forest tree, a tree of the forest, especially a timber tree, as distinguished from a fruit tree.

For"est, v. t. To cover with trees or wood.

Fore"staff` (?), n. (Naut.) An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies, now superseded by the sextant; -- called also cross-staff. Brande & C.

For"est*age (?), n. [Cf. F. forestage.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A duty or tribute payable to the king's foresters. (b) A service paid by foresters to the king.

For"est*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to forests; as, forestal rights.

Fore*stall" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forestalled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forestalling.] [OE. forstallen to stop, to obstruct; to stop (goods) on the way to the market by buying them beforehand, from forstal obstruction, AS. forsteal, foresteall, prop., a placing one's self before another. See Fore, and Stall.] 1. To take beforehand, or in advance; to anticipate.

What need a man forestall his date of grief, And run to meet what he would most avoid?

Milton.

2. To take possession of, in advance of some one or something else, to the exclusion or detriment of the latter; to get ahead of; to preoccupy; also, to exclude, hinder, or prevent, by prior occupation, or by measures taken in advance.

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An ugly serpent which forestalled their way.

Fairfax.

But evermore those damsels did forestall Their furious encounter.

Spenser.

To be forestalled ere we come to fall.

Shak.

Habit is a forestalled and obstinate judge.

Rush.

3. To deprive; -- with of. [R.]

All the better; may This night forestall him of the coming day!

Shak.

4. (Eng. Law) To obstruct or stop up, as a way; to stop the passage of on highway; to intercept on the road, as goods on the way to market.

To forestall the market, to buy or contract for merchandise or provision on its way to market, with the intention of selling it again at a higher price; to dissuade persons from bringing their goods or provisions there; or to persuade them to enhance the price when there. This was an offense at law in England until 1844. Burrill.

Syn. -- To anticipate; monopolize; engross.

Fore*stall"er (?), n. One who forestalls; esp., one who forestalls the market. Locke.

Fore"stay` (?), n. (Naut.) A large, strong rope, reaching from the foremast head to the bowsprit, to support the mast. See Illust. under Ship.

For"est*er (?), n. [F. forestier, LL. forestarius.] 1. One who has charge of the growing timber on an estate; an officer appointed to watch a forest and preserve the game.

2. An inhabitant of a forest. Wordsworth.

3. A forest tree. [R.] Evelyn.

4. (Zoˆl.) A lepidopterous insect belonging to Alypia and allied genera; as, the eight-spotted forester (A. octomaculata), which in the larval state is injurious to the grapevine.

Fore"stick` (?), n. Front stick of a hearth fire.

For"est*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF. foresterie.] The art of forming or of cultivating forests; the management of growing timber.

{ Fore"swart` (?), Fore"swart` (?), } a. [Obs.] See Forswat.

Fore"taste` (?), n. A taste beforehand; enjoyment in advance; anticipation.

Fore*taste" (?), v. t. 1. To taste before full possession; to have previous enjoyment or experience of; to anticipate.

2. To taste before another. "Foretasted fruit." Milton.

Fore"tast`er (? or ?), n. One who tastes beforehand, or before another.

Fore*teach" (?), v. t. To teach beforehand. [Obs.]

Fore*tell" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foretold (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foretelling.] To predict; to tell before occurence; to prophesy; to foreshow.

Deeds then undone my faithful tongue foretold.

Pope.

Prodigies, foretelling the future eminence and luster of his character.

C. Middleton.

Syn. -- To predict; prophesy; prognosticate; augur.

Fore*tell", v. i. To utter predictions. Acts iii. 24.

Fore*tell"er (?), n. One who predicts. Boyle.

Fore*think" (?), v. t. 1. To think beforehand; to anticipate in the mind; to prognosticate. [Obs.]

The soul of every man Prophetically doth forethink thy fall.

Shak.

2. To contrive (something) beforehend. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Fore*think", v. i. To contrive beforehand. [Obs.]

Fore"thought` (?), a. Thought of, or planned, beforehand; aforethought; prepense; hence, deliberate. "Forethought malice." Bacon.

Fore"thought`, n. A thinking or planning beforehand; prescience; premeditation; forecast; provident care.

A sphere that will demand from him forethought, courage, and wisdom.

I. Taylor.

Fore"thought`ful (?), a. Having forethought. [R.]

Fore"time` (?), n. The past; the time before the present. "A very dim foretime." J. C. Shairp.

Fore"to`ken (?), n. [AS. foretcen. See Token.] Prognostic; previous omen. Sir P. Sidney.

Fore*to"ken (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foretokened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foretokening (?).] [AS. foretcnian; fore + tcnian.] To foreshow; to presignify; to prognosticate.

Whilst strange prodigious signs foretoken blood.

Daniel.

Fore" tooth` (?), pl. Fore teeth (&?;). (Anat.) One of the teeth in the forepart of the mouth; an incisor.

Fore"top` (?), n. 1. The hair on the forepart of the head; esp., a tuft or lock of hair which hangs over the forehead, as of a horse.

2. That part of a headdress that is in front; the top of a periwig.

3. (Naut.) The platform at the head of the foremast.

Fore`-top*gal"lant (? or ?), a. (Naut.) Designating the mast, sail, yard, etc., above the topmast; as, the fore-topgallant sail. See Sail.

Fore`-top"mast (?), n. (Naut.) The mast erected at the head of the foremast, and at the head of which stands the fore-topgallant mast. See Ship.

Fore`-top"sail (? or ?), n. (Naut.) See Sail.

For*ev"er (fr*v"r), adv. [For, prep. + ever.] 1. Through eternity; through endless ages; eternally.

2. At all times; always.

In England, for and ever are usually written and printed as two separate words; but, in the United States, the general practice is to make but a single word of them.

Forever and ever, an emphatic "forever."

Syn. -- Constantly; continually; invariably; unchangeably; incessantly; always; perpetually; unceasingly; ceaselessly; interminably; everlastingly; endlessly; eternally.

Fore*vouched" (fr*voucht"), a. Formerly vouched or avowed; affirmed in advance. [R.] Shak.

Fore"ward` (fr"wrd`), n. The van; the front. [Obs.]

My foreward shall be drawn out all in length, Consisting equally of horse and foot.

Shak.

Fore*warn" (fr*wrn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forewarned (-wrnd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Forewarning.] To warn beforehand; to give previous warning, admonition, information, or notice to; to caution in advance.

We were forewarned of your coming.

Shak.

Fore*waste" (?), v. t. See Forewaste. Gascoigne.

Fore*wend" (?), v. t. [Fore + wend.] To go before. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fore*wish" (?), v. t. To wish beforehand.

Fore"wit` (?), n. 1. A leader, or would-be leader, in matters of knowledge or taste. [Obs.]

Nor that the forewits, that would draw the rest unto their liking, always like the best.

B. Jonson.

2. Foresight; prudence.

Let this forewit guide thy thought.

Southwell.

Fore*wite" (?), v. t. [pres. indic. sing., 1st & 3d pers. Forewot (?), 2d person Forewost (&?;), pl. Forewiten (&?;); imp. sing. Forewiste (?), pl. Forewisten (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Forewiting (?).] [AS. forewitan. See Wit to know.] To foreknow. [Obs.] [Written also forwete.] Chaucer.

Fore"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Forewomen (&?;). A woman who is chief; a woman who has charge of the work or workers in a shop or other place; a head woman. Tatler. W. Besant.

Fore"word` (?), n. A preface. Furnvall.

Fore*worn" (?), a. [See Forworn.] Worn out; wasted; used up. [Archaic]

Old foreworn stories almost forgotten.

Brydges.

Fore*wot" (?), pres. indic., 1st & 3d pers. sing. of Forewite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fore"yard` (?), n. (Naut.) The lowermost yard on the foremast. [See Illust. of Ship.]

For"fal*ture (?), n. Forfeiture. [Obs.]

For"feit (?), n. [OE. forfet crime, penalty, F. forfait crime (LL. forefactum, forifactum), prop. p. p. of forfaire to forfeit, transgress, fr. LL. forifacere, prop., to act beyond; L. foris out of doors, abroad, beyond + facere to do. See Foreign, and Fact.] 1. Injury; wrong; mischief. [Obs. & R.]

To seek arms upon people and country that never did us any forfeit.

Ld. Berners.

2. A thing forfeit or forfeited; what is or may be taken from one in requital of a misdeed committed; that which is lost, or the right to which is alienated, by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of contract; hence, a fine; a mulct; a penalty; as, he who murders pays the forfeit of his life.

Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal Remit thy other forfeits.

Shak.

3. Something deposited and redeemable by a sportive fine; -- whence the game of forfeits.

Country dances and forfeits shortened the rest of the day.

Goldsmith.

For"feit, a. [F. forfait, p. p. of forfaire. See Forfeit, n.] Lost or alienated for an offense or crime; liable to penal seizure.

Thy wealth being forfeit to the state.

Shak.

To tread the forfeit paradise.

Emerson.

For"feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forfeited; p. pr. & vb. n. Forfeiting.] [OE. forfeten. See Forfeit, n.] To lose, or lose the right to, by some error, fault, offense, or crime; to render one's self by misdeed liable to be deprived of; to alienate the right to possess, by some neglect or crime; as, to forfeit an estate by treason; to forfeit reputation by a breach of promise; -- with to before the one acquiring what is forfeited.

[They] had forfeited their property by their crimes.

Burke.

Undone and forfeited to cares forever!

Shak.

For"feit, v. i. 1. To be guilty of a misdeed; to be criminal; to transgress. [Obs.]

2. To fail to keep an obligation. [Obs.]

I will have the heart of him if he forfeit.

Shak.

For"feit, p. p. or a. In the condition of being forfeited; subject to alienation. Shak.

Once more I will renew His lapsËd powers, though forfeite.

Milton.

For"feit*a*ble (?), a. Liable to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture.

For the future, uses shall be subject to the statutes of mortmain, and forfeitable, like the lands themselves.

Blackstone.

For"feit*er (?), n. One who incurs a penalty of forfeiture.

For"fei*ture (?; 135), n. [F. forfeiture, LL. forisfactura.] 1. The act of forfeiting; the loss of some right, privilege, estate, honor, office, or effects, by an offense, crime, breach of condition, or other act.

Under pain of foreiture of the said goods.

Hakluyt.

2. That which is forfeited; a penalty; a fine or mulct.

What should I gain By the exaction of the forfeiture?

Shak.

Syn. -- Fine; mulct; amercement; penalty.

For*fend" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + fend. See Forewend.] To prohibit; to forbid; to avert. [Archaic]

Which peril heaven forefend!

Shak.

This is etymologically the preferable spelling.

For*fer"ed (?), p. p. & a. [See For- , and Fear.] Excessively alarmed; in great fear. [Obs.] "Forfered of his death." Chaucer.

For"fete (?), v. i. [See Forfeit.] To incur a penalty; to transgress. [Obs.]

And all this suffered our Lord Jesus Christ that never forfeted.

Chaucer.

||For"fex (?), n. [L.] A pair of shears. Pope.

For"fi*cate (?), a. [L. forfex, forficis, shears.] (Zoˆl.) Deeply forked, as the tail of certain birds.

||For*fic"u*la (?), n. [L., small shears, scissors, dim. of forfex ||shears.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of insects including the earwigs. See ||Earwig, 1.

For*gath"er (?), v. i. To convene; to gossip; to meet accidentally. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Within that circle he forgathered with many a fool.

Wilson.

For*gave" (?), imp. of Forgive.

Forge (frj), n. [F. forge, fr. L. fabrica the workshop of an artisan who works in hard materials, fr. faber artisan, smith, as adj., skillful, ingenious; cf. Gr. &?; soft, tender. Cf. Fabric.] 1. A place or establishment where iron or other metals are wrought by heating and hammering; especially, a furnace, or a shop with its furnace, etc., where iron is heated and wrought; a smithy.

In the quick forge and working house of thought.

Shak.

2. The works where wrought iron is produced directly from the ore, or where iron is rendered malleable by puddling and shingling; a shingling mill.

3. The act of beating or working iron or steel; the manufacture of metallic bodies. [Obs.]

In the greater bodies the forge was easy.

Bacon.

American forge, a forge for the direct production of wrought iron, differing from the old Catalan forge mainly in using finely crushed ore and working continuously. Raymond. -- Catalan forge. (Metal.) See under Catalan. -- Forge cinder, the dross or slag form a forge or bloomary. -- Forge rolls, Forge train, the train of rolls by which a bloom is converted into puddle bars. -- Forge wagon (Mil.), a wagon fitted up for transporting a blackmith's forge and tools. -- Portable forge, a light and compact blacksmith's forge, with bellows, etc., that may be moved from place to place.

Forge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forged (frjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Forging (?).] [F. forger, OF. forgier, fr. L. fabricare, fabricari, to form, frame, fashion, from fabrica. See Forge, n., and cf. Fabricate.] 1. To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any particular shape, as a metal.

Mars's armor forged for proof eterne.

Shak.

2. To form or shape out in any way; to produce; to frame; to invent.

Those names that the schools forged, and put into the mouth of scholars, could never get admittance into common use.

Locke.

Do forge a life-long trouble for ourselves.

Tennyson.

3. To coin. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. To make falsely; to produce, as that which is untrue or not genuine; to fabricate; to counterfeit, as, a signature, or a signed document.

That paltry story is untrue, And forged to cheat such gulls as you.

Hudibras.

Forged certificates of his . . . moral character.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- To fabricate; counterfeit; feign; falsify.

Forge, v. i. [See Forge, v. t., and for sense 2, cf. Forge compel.] 1. To commit forgery.

2. (Naut.) To move heavily and slowly, as a ship after the sails are furled; to work one's way, as one ship in outsailing another; -- used especially in the phrase to forge ahead. Totten.

And off she [a ship] forged without a shock.

De Quincey.

Forge, v. t. (Naut.) To impel forward slowly; as, to forge a ship forward.

Forge"man (?), n.; pl. Forgemen (&?;). A skilled smith, who has a hammerer to assist him.

For"ger (?), n.[Cf. F. forgeur metal worker, L. fabricator artificer. See Forge, n. & v. t., and cf. Fabricator.] One who forges, makes, of forms; a fabricator; a falsifier.

2. Especially: One guilty of forgery; one who makes or issues a counterfeit document.

For"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Forgeries (#). [Cf. F. forgerie.] 1. The act of forging metal into shape. [Obs.]

Useless the forgery Of brazen shield and spear.

Milton.

2. The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; esp., the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another; the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud; as, the forgery of a bond. Bouvier.

3. That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised, or counterfeited.

These are the forgeries of jealously.

Shak.

The writings going under the name of Aristobulus were a forgery of the second century.

Waterland.

Syn. -- Counterfeit; Forgery. Counterfeit is chiefly used of imitations of coin, or of paper money, or of securities depending upon pictorial devices and engraved designs for identity or assurance of genuineness. Forgery is more properly applied to making a false imitation of an instrument depending on signatures to show genuineness and validity. Abbott.

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For*get" (?), v. t. [imp. Forgot (?) (Forgat (&?;), Obs.); p. p. Forgotten (?), Forgot; p. pr. & vb. n. Forgetting.] [OE. forgeten, foryeten, AS. forgietan, forgitan; pref. for- + gietan, gitan (only in comp.), to get; cf. D. vergeten, G. vergessen, Sw. fˆrg‰ta, Dan. forgiette. See For-, and Get, v. t.] 1. To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the memory; to cease to have in mind; not to think of; also, to lose the power of; to cease from doing.

Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits.

Ps. ciii. 2.

Let my right hand forget her cunning.

Ps. cxxxvii. 5.

Hath thy knee forget to bow?

Shak.

2. To treat with inattention or disregard; to slight; to neglect.

Can a woman forget her sucking child? . . . Yes, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee.

Is. xlix. 15.

To forget one's self. (a) To become unmindful of one's own personality; to be lost in thought. (b) To be entirely unselfish. (c) To be guilty of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity, temper, or self-control.

For*get"ful (?), a. 1. Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; as, a forgetful man should use helps to strengthen his memory.

2. Heedless; careless; neglectful; inattentive.

Be not forgetful to entertain strangers.

Heb. xiii. 2.

3. Causing to forget; inducing oblivion; oblivious. [Archaic or Poetic] "The forgetful wine." J. Webster.

For*get"ful*ly, adv. In a forgetful manner.

For*get"ful*ness, n. 1. The quality of being forgetful; prononess to let slip from the mind.

2. Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing to remember; oblivion.

A sweet forgetfulness of human care.

Pope.

3. Failure to bear in mind; careless omission; inattention; as, forgetfulness of duty.

Syn. -- Forgetfulnes, Oblivion. Forgetfulness is Anglo-Saxon, and oblivion is Latin. The former commonly has reference to persons, and marks a state of mind; the latter commonly has reference to things, and indicates a condition into which they are sunk. We blame a man for his forgetfulness; we speak of some old custom as buried in oblivion. But this discrimination is not strictly adhered to.

For"ge*tive (?), a. [From Forge.] Inventive; productive; capable. [Obs.] Shak.

For*get"-me-not` (?), n. [Cf. G. vergissmeinnicht.] (Bot.) A small herb, of the genus Myosotis (M. palustris, incespitosa, etc.), bearing a beautiful blue flower, and extensively considered the emblem of fidelity.

Formerly the name was given to the Ajuga ChamÊpitus.