Chapter 97

They . . . have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods.

Jer. xix. 4.

3. To alienate the affections or confidence of; to turn from attachment to enmity or indifference.

I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from me.

Pope.

He . . . had pretended to be estranged from the Whigs, and had promised to act as a spy upon them.

Macaulay.

Es*tran"ged*ness (?), n. State of being estranged; estrangement. Prynne.

Es*trange"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. estrangement.] The act of estranging, or the state of being estranged; alienation.

An estrangement from God.

J. C. Shairp.

A long estrangement from better things.

South.

Es*tran"ger (?), n. One who estranges.

Es*tran"gle (?), v. t. To strangle. [Obs.]

Es`tra*pade" (?), n. [F.] (Man.) The action of a horse, when, to get rid of his rider, he rears, plunges, and kicks furiously.

Es*tray" (?), v. i. To stray. [Obs.] Daniel.

Es*tray" n. (Law) Any valuable animal, not wild, found wandering from its owner; a stray. Burrill.

Es"tre (?), n. [OF. estre state, plan.] The inward part of a building; the interior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Es*treat" (?), n. [OF. estraite, prop., an extract, fr. p. p. of estraire to extract, F. extraire, fr. L. extrahere. See Extract.] (Law) A true copy, duplicate, or extract of an original writing or record, esp. of amercements or penalties set down in the rolls of court to be levied by the bailiff, or other officer. Cowell.

Estreat of a recognizance, the extracting or taking out a forfeited recognizance from among the other records of the court, for the purpose of a prosecution in another court, or it may be in the same court. Burrill.

Es*treat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estreated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estreating.] (Law) (a) To extract or take out from the records of a court, and send up to the court of exchequer to be enforced; -- said of a forfeited recognizance. (b) To bring in to the exchequer, as a fine.

Es*trepe" (?), v. t. [OF. estreper.] (Law) To strip or lay bare, as land of wood, houses, etc.; to commit waste.

Es*trepe"ment (?), n. [OF., damage, waste.] (Law) A destructive kind of waste, committed by a tenant for life, in lands, woods, or houses. Cowell.

Es"trich (?), n. 1. Ostrich. [Obs.] Massinger.

2. (Com.) The down of the ostrich. Brande & C.

Es"tu*ance (?), n. [From L. aestuans, p. pr. of aestuare. See Estuate.] Heat. [Obs.]

Es"tu*a*rine (?), a. Pertaining to an estuary; estuary.

Es"tu*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Estuaries (#). [L. aestuarium, from aestuare to surge. See Estuate.] [Written also æstuary.] 1. A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth. [Obs.] Boyle.

2. A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current; an arm of the sea; a frith.

it to the sea was often by long and wide estuaries.

Dana.

Es"tu*a*ry, a. Belonging to, or formed in, an estuary; as, estuary strata. Lyell.

Es"tu*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Estuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estuating.] [L. aestuare to be in violent motion, to boil up, burn, fr. aestus boiling or undulating motion, fire, glow, heat; akin to Gr.&?; to burn. See Ether.] To boil up; to swell and rage; to be agitated. Bacon.

Es`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. aestuatio.] The act of estuating; commotion, as of a fluid; agitation.

The estuations of joys and fears.

W. Montagu.

||Es*tu"fa (?), n.; pl. Estufas (#). [Sp., a stove, a warm room. Cf. Stove.] An assembly room in dwelling of the Pueblo Indians. L. H. Morgan.

Es"ture (?; 135), n. [See Estuate.] Commotion. [Obs.] Chapman.

E*su"ri*ent (?), a. [L. esuriens, p. pr. of ensurire, fr. edere to eat.] Inclined to eat; hungry; voracious. [R.] Bailey. "Poor, but esurient." Carlyle.

E*su"ri*ent, n. One who is hungry or greedy. [R.]

An insatiable esurient after riches.

Wood.

Es"u*rine (?), a. [See Esurient.] Causing hunger; eating; corroding. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Es"u*rine, n. (Med.) A medicine which provokes appetites, or causes hunger. [Obs.]

-et (?). [F. -et, masc., -ette, fem. Cf. -let.] A noun suffix with a diminutive force; as in baronet, pocket, facet, floweret, latchet.

||E*taac" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The blue buck.

E"ta*cism (?), n. [Gr. &?; the letter &?;, &?;. Cf. Itacism.] (Greek Gram.) The pronunciation of the Greek η (eta) like the Italian e long, that is like a in the English word ate. See Itacism.

E"ta*cist (?), n. One who favors etacism.

||É`ta`gère" (?), n. [F., fr. étager to arrange on shelves, fr. étage story, floor. See Stage.] A piece of furniture having a number of uninclosed shelves or stages, one above another, for receiving articles of elegance or use. Fairholt.

||É`tat" Ma`jor" (?). [F., fr. état state + L. major greater.] (Mil.) The staff of an army, including all officers above the rank of colonel, also, all adjutants, inspectors, quartermasters, commissaries, engineers, ordnance officers, paymasters, physicians, signal officers, judge advocates; also, the noncommissioned assistants of the above officers.

{ ||Et` cet"e*ra, ||Et` cæt"e*ra } (?). [L. et and + caetera other things.] Others of the like kind; and the rest; and so on; -- used to point out that other things which could be mentioned are to be understood. Usually abbreviated into etc. or &c. (&c). Shak.

Etch (?), n. A variant of Eddish. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Etch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Etching.] [D. etsen, G. ätzen to feed, corrode, etch. MHG. etzen, causative of ezzen to eat, G. essen &?;&?;. See Eat.] 1. To produce, as figures or designs, on mental, glass, or the like, by means of lines or strokes eaten in or corroded by means of some strong acid.

The plate is first covered with varnish, or some other ground capable of resisting the acid, and this is then scored or scratched with a needle, or similar instrument, so as to form the drawing; the plate is then covered with acid, which corrodes the metal in the lines thus laid bare.

2. To subject to etching; to draw upon and bite with acid, as a plate of metal.

I was etching a plate at the beginning of 1875.

Hamerton.

3. To sketch; to delineate. [R.]

There are many empty terms to be found in some learned writes, to which they had recourse to etch out their system.

Locke.

Etch, v. i. To practice etching; to make etchings.

Etch"er (?), n. One who etches.

Etch"ing, n. 1. The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid which eats away lines or surfaces left unprotected in metal, glass, or the like. See Etch, v. t.

2. A design carried out by means of the above process; a pattern on metal, glass, etc., produced by etching.

3. An impression on paper, parchment, or other material, taken in ink from an etched plate.

Etching figures (Min.), markings produced on the face of a crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They have usually a definite form, and are important as revealing the molecular structure. -- Etching needle, a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which lines are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching. -- Etching stitch (Needlework), a stitch used outline embroidery.

E`te*os"tic (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, year + &?; row.] A kind of chronogram. [R.] B. Jonson.

E*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [Pref. e- + terminable.] Interminable. [Obs.] Skelton.

{ E*tern" or E*terne" (?) }, a. [OF. eterne, L. aeternus, for aeviturnus, fr. aevum age. See Age, and cf. Eternal.] Eternal. [Poetic] Shak.

Built up to eterne significance.

Mrs. Browning.

E*ter"nal (?), a. [F. éternel, L. aeternalis, fr. aeternus. See Etern.] 1. Without beginning or end of existence; always existing.

The eternal God is thy refuge.

Deut. xxxiii. 27.

To know wether there were any real being, whose duration has been eternal.

Locke.

2. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal.

That they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus, with eternal glory.

2 Tim. ii. 10.

3. Continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless; constant.

And fires eternal in thy temple shine.

Dryden.

4. Existing at all times without change; immutable.

Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he opposed.

Dryden.

What are the eternal objects of poetry among all nations, and at all times?

M. Arnold.

5. Exceedingly great or bad; -- used as a strong intensive. "Some eternal villain."

The Eternal City, an appellation of Rome.

Syn. -- Everlasting; endless; infinite; ceaseless; perpetual; interminable. See Everlasting.

E*ter"nal, n. 1. One of the appellations of God.

Law whereby the Eternal himself doth work.

Hooker.

2. That which is endless and immortal. Young.

E*ter"nal*ist, n. One who holds the existence of matter to be from eternity. T. Burnet.

E*ter"nal*ize (?), v. t. To make eternal. Shelton.

E*ter"nal*ly, adv. In an eternal manner.

That which is morally good or evil at any time or in any case, must be also eternally and unchangeably so.

South.

Where western gales eternally reside.

Addison.

E*terne" (?), a. See Etern.

E*ter"ni*fy (?), v. t. To make eternal. [Obs.]

Fame . . . eternifies the name.

Mir. for Mag.

E*ter"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Eternities (#). [F. éternité, L. aeternitas, fr. aeternus. See Etern.] 1. Infinite duration, without beginning in the past or end in the future; also, duration without end in the future; endless time.

The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity.

Is. lvii. 15.

2. Condition which begins at death; immortality.

Thou know'st 't is common; all that lives must die, Passing through nature to eternity.

Shak.

E*ter`ni*za"tion (?), n. The act of eternizing; the act of rendering immortal or famous.

E*ter"nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eternized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eterniziing.] [Cf. F. éterniser.] 1. To make eternal or endless.

This other [gift] served but to eternize woe.

Milton.

2. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize one's self, a name, exploits.

St. Alban's battle won by famous York, Shall be eternized in all age to come.

Shak.

E*te"sian (?), a. [L. etesiae, pl., periodic winds, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; year: cf. F. étésien.] Periodical; annual; -- applied to winds which annually blow from the north over the Mediterranean, esp. the eastern part, for an irregular period during July and August.

Eth"al (?), n. [Ether + alcohol: cf. F. éthal.] (Chem.) A white waxy solid, C16H33.OH; -- called also cetylic alcohol. See Cetylic alcohol, under Cetylic.

Eth"ane (?), n. [From Ether.] (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl.

Ethe (?), a. [See Eath.] Easy. [Obs.] Spenser.

Eth"el (?), a. [AS. e&?;ele, æ&?;ele. See Atheling.] Noble. [Obs.]

Eth"ene (?), n. (Chem.) Ethylene; olefiant gas.

E*then"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from. or resembling, ethene or ethylene; as, ethenic ether.

Eth"e*nyl (?), n. [Ethene + - yl.] (Chem.) (a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C. (b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series, CH2:CH; -- called also vinyl. See Vinyl.

E`the*os"to*moid (?), a. [NL. etheostoma name of a genus + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to, or like, the genus Etheostoma. -- n. Any fish of the genus Etheostoma and related genera, allied to the perches; -- also called darter. The etheostomoids are small and often bright-colored fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of North America. About seventy species are known. See Darter.

E"ther ("thr), n. [L. aether, Gr. a'iqh`r, fr. a'i`qein to light up, kindle, burn, blaze; akin to Skr. idh, indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf. F. éther.] [Written also æther.] 1. (Physics) A medium of great elasticity and extreme tenuity, supposed to pervade all space, the interior of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of transmission of light and heat; hence often called luminiferous ether.

2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.

3. (Chem.) (a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, (C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an anæsthetic. Called also ethyl oxide. (b) Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; as, amyl ether; valeric ether.

Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an oxide of two different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3. -- Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some hydrocarbon as the base; an ester. -- Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by steam.

E*the"re*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to the hypothetical upper, purer air, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere; celestial; as, ethereal space; ethereal regions.

Go, heavenly guest, ethereal messenger.

Milton.

2. Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner, thought, etc.

Vast chain of being, which from God began, Natures ethereal, human, angel, man.

Pope.

3. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, ether; as, ethereal salts.

Ethereal oil. (Chem.) See Essential oil, under Essential. -- Ethereal oil of wine (Chem.), a heavy, yellow, oily liquid consisting essentially of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate. It is the oily residuum left after etherification. Called also heavy oil of wine (distinguished from oil of wine, or œnanthic ether). -- Ethereal salt (Chem.), a salt of some organic radical as a base; an ester.

E*the"re*al*ism (?), n. Ethereality.

E*the`re*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being ethereal; etherealness.

Something of that ethereality of thought and manner which belonged to Wordsworth's earlier lyrics.

J. C. Shairp.

E*the`re*al*i*za"tion (?), n. An ethereal or spiritlike state. J. H. Stirling.

E*the"re*al*ize (?), v. t. 1. To convert into ether, or into subtile fluid; to saturate with ether.

2. To render ethereal or spiritlike.

Etherealized, moreover, by spiritual communications with the other world.

Hawthorne.

E*the"re*al*ly, adv. In an ethereal manner.

<! p. 513 !>

E*the"re*al*ness (?), n. Ethereality.

E*the"re*ous (?), a. [L. aethereus, Gr. &?; See Ether.] 1. Formed of ether; ethereal. [Obs.]

This ethereous mold whereon we stand.

Milton.

2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or resembling, ether.

Ethereous oil. See Ethereal oil, under Ethereal.

E*ther`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of making ether; specifically, the process by which a large quantity of alcohol is transformed into ether by the agency of a small amount of sulphuric, or ethyl sulphuric, acid.

E*ther"i*form (?), a. [Ether + form.] Having the form of ether.

E"ther*in, n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline hydrocarbon, regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, obtained in heavy oil of wine, the residue left after making ether; -- formerly called also concrete oil of wine.

E`ther*i*za"tion (?) n. (Med.) (a) The administration of ether to produce insensibility. (b) The state of the system under the influence of ether.

E"ther*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etherized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Etherizing (?).] [Cf. F. éthériser.] 1. To convert into ether.

2. To render insensible by means of ether, as by inhalation; as, to etherize a patient.

E"ther*ol (?), n. [Ether + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) An oily hydrocarbon regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, produced with etherin.

{ Eth"ic (?), Eth"ic*al (?), } a. [L. ethicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; custom, usage, character, dwelling; akin to &?; custom, Goth. sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh&?;, prob. orig., one's own doing; sva self + dh&?; to set: cf. F. éthique. See So, Do.] Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical philosophy.

The ethical meaning of the miracles.

Trench.

Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit? How does my friend Celsus do?

Eth"ic*al*ly, adv. According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character.

Eth"i*cist (?), n. One who is versed in ethics, or has written on ethics.

Eth"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. éthique. See Ethic.] The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn from this science; a particular system of principles and rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as, political or social ethics; medical ethics.

The completeness and consistency of its morality is the peculiar praise of the ethics which the Bible has taught.

I. Taylor.

Eth"ide (?), n. (Chem.) Any compound of ethyl of a binary type; as, potassium ethide.

Eth"i*dene (?), n. [From Ether.] (Chem.) Ethylidene. [Obs.]

Eth"ine (?), n. (Chem.) Acetylene.

Eth`i*on"ic (?), a. [Ethyl + thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid so called.

Ethionic acid (Chem.), a liquid derivative of ethylsulphuric and sulphuric (thionic) acids, obtained by the action of sulphur trioxide on absolute alcohol.

{ E"thi*op (?), E`thi*o"pi*an (?) }, n. [L. Aethiops, Gr. &?;; &?; to burn + &?; face.] A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense, a negro or black man.

{ E`thi*o"pi*an, E`thi*op"ic (?), } a. Of or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians.

E`thi*op"ic, n. The language of ancient Ethiopia; the language of the ancient Abyssinian empire (in Ethiopia), now used only in the Abyssinian church. It is of Semitic origin, and is also called Geez.

E"thi*ops (?) n. [NL. See Ethiop.] (Old Chem.) A black substance; -- formerly applied to various preparations of a black or very dark color. [Written also Æthiops.] [Obs.]

Ethiops martial (Old Chem.), black oxide of iron. -- Ethiops mineral (Old Chem.), black sulphide of mercury, obtained by triturating mercury with sulphur. -- Ethiops per se (Old Chem.), mercury in finely divided state, having the appearance of a dark powder, obtained by shaking it up or by exposure to the air.

{ Eth"moid (?), Eth*moid"al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; like a sieve; &?; sieve + &?; from: cf. F. ethmoïde, ethmoïdal.] (Anat.) (a) Like a sieve; cribriform. (b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone.

Ethmoid bone (Anat.), a bone of complicated structure through which the olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium and over which they are largely distributed.

Eth"moid (?) n. (Anat.) The ethmoid bone.

Eth`mo*tru"bi*nal (?), a. [Ethmoid + turbinal.] See Turbinal. - - n. An ethmoturbinal bone.

Eth`mo*vo"mer*ine (?), n. [Ethmoid + vomerine.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the region of the vomer and the base of the ethmoid in the skull.

Ethmovomerine plate (Anat.), a cartilaginous plate beneath the front of the fetal brain which the ethmoid region of the skull is developed.

Eth"narch (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; nation + &?; leader, commander. See -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.) The governor of a province or people. Lew Wallace.

Eth"narch*y (?) n. [Gr. &?;.] The dominion of an ethnarch; principality and rule. Wright.

{ Eth"nic (?), Eth"nic*al (?), } a. [L. ethnicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; nation, &?; &?; the nations, heathens, gentiles: cf. F. ethnique.] 1. Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race; ethnological.

2. Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to Christianity; heathen; pagan; -- opposed to Jewish and Christian.

Eth"nic (?) n. A heathen; a pagan. [Obs.]

No better reported than impure ethnic and lay dogs.

Milton.

Eth"nic*al*ly (?), adv. In an ethnical manner.

Eth"ni*cism (?) n. Heathenism; paganism; idolatry. [Obs.] "Taint of ethnicism." B. Jonson.

Eth*nog"ra*pher (?) n. One who investigates ethnography.

{ Eth`no*graph"ic (?), Eth`no*graph"ic*al (?), }. a. [Cf. F. ethnographique.] pertaining to ethnography.

Eth`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In an ethnographical manner.

Eth*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; nation + -graphy: cf. F. ethnographie.] That branch of knowledge which has for its subject the characteristics of the human family, developing the details with which ethnology as a comparative science deals; descriptive ethnology. See Ethnology.

{ Eth`no*log"ic (?), Eth`no*log"ic*al (?), } a Of or pertaining to ethnology.

Eth`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In an ethnological manner; by ethnological classification; as, one belonging ethnologically to an African race.

Eth*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in ethnology; a student of ethnology.

Eth*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Gr. &?; nation + -logy.] The science which treats of the division of mankind into races, their origin, distribution, and relations, and the peculiarities which characterize them.

{ Eth`o*log"ic (?), Eth`o*log"ic*al (?), } a [See Ethology.] treating of, or pertaining to, ethnic or morality, or the science of character. J. S. Mill.

E*thol"o*gist (?) n. One who studies or writes upon ethology.

E*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a depicting of character; &?; custom, moral nature + &?; to speak.] 1. A treatise on morality; ethics.

2. The science of the formation of character, national and collective as well as individual. J. S. Mill.

Eth"o*po*et"ic (?). [Gr. &?;; &?; custom, manners + &?; to make or form.] Expressing character. [Obs.] Urquhart.

Eth"ule (?) [Ether + Gr. &?; substance, base. Cf. Ethyl, and see -yl.] (Chem.) Ethyl. [Obs.]

Eth"yl (?), n. [Ether + - yl.] (Chem.) A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, C2H5 of the paraffin series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of common alcohol and ether.

Ethyl aldehyde. (Chem.) See Aldehyde.

Eth`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Ethyl + amine.] (Chem.) A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, C2H5.NH2, very volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base, and is a derivative of ammonia. Called also ethyl carbamine, and amido ethane.

Eth"yl*ate (-t), n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.) A compound derived from ethyl alcohol by the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen, after the manner of a hydrate; an ethyl alcoholate; as, potassium ethylate, C2H5.O.K.

Eth"yl*ene (-n), n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.) A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), -- hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen.

Ethylene series (Chem.), the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and represented by the general formula CnH2n.

E*thyl"ic (?). (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, ethyl; as, ethylic alcohol.

E*thyl"i*dene (?). (Chem.) An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, C2H4 metameric with ethylene but written thus, CH3.CH to distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, CH2.CH2. Its compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also ethidene.

Eth"yl*in (?). (Chem.) Any one of the several complex ethers of ethyl and glycerin.

Eth`yl*sul*phu"ric (?) a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid.

Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl, H.C2H5.SO4, produced as a thick liquid by the action of sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active catalytic agent in the process of etherification.

E"ti*o*late (?). v. i. [imp. & p. p. Etiolated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Etiolating.] [F. étioler to blanch.] 1. To become white or whiter; to be whitened or blanched by excluding the light of the sun, as, plants.

2. (Med.) To become pale through disease or absence of light.

E"ti*o*late, v. t. 1. To blanch; to bleach; to whiten by depriving of the sun's rays.

2. (Med.) To cause to grow pale by disease or absence of light.

{ E"ti*o*late (?), E"ti*o*la`ted, } a. Having a blanched or faded appearance, as birds inhabiting desert regions.