Chapter 59

He [Johnson] would amaze a drawing-room by suddenly ejaculating a clause of the Lord's Prayer.

Macaulay.

Drawing-room car. See Palace car, under Car.

Drawl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drawled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drawling.] [Prob. fr. draw: cf. D. dralen to linger, tarry, Icel. dralla to loiter. See Draw, and cf. Draggle.] To utter in a slow, lengthened tone.

Drawl, v. i. To speak with slow and lingering utterance, from laziness, lack of spirit, affectation, etc.

Theologians and moralists . . . talk mostly in a drawling and dreaming way about it.

Landor.

Drawl, n. A lengthened, slow monotonous utterance.

Draw"latch` (?), n. A housebreaker or thief. [Obs.] Old Play (1631).

Drawl"ing (?), n. The act of speaking with a drawl; a drawl. -- Drawl"ing*ly, adv. Bacon.

Draw"link` (?), n. Same as Drawbar (b).

Draw"loom` (?), n. 1. A kind of loom used in weaving figured patterns; -- called also drawboy.

2. A species of damask made on the drawloom.

Drawn (?), p. p. & a. See Draw, v. t. & i.

Drawn butter, butter melter and prepared to be used as a sort of gravy. -- Drawn fowl, an eviscerated fowl. -- Drawn game or battle, one in which neither party wins; one equally contested. -- Drawn fox, one driven from cover. Shak. -- Drawn work, ornamental work made by drawing out threads from fine cloth, and uniting the cross threads, to form a pattern.

Draw"net` (?), n. A net for catching the larger sorts of birds; also, a dragnet. Crabb.

Draw"plate` (?), n. A hardened steel plate having a hole, or a gradation of conical holes, through which wires are drawn to be reduced and elongated.

Draw"rod` (?), n. (Railroad) A rod which unites the drawgear at opposite ends of the car, and bears the pull required to draw the train.

Draw"shave` (?), n. See Drawing knife.

Draw"spring` (?), n. (Railroad) The spring to which a drawbar is attached.

Dray (?), n. A squirrel's nest. Cowper.

Dray, n. [AS. dræge a dragnet, fr. dragan. &?;&?;&?;&?;. See Draw, and cf. 2d Drag, 1st Dredge.] 1. A strong low cart or carriage used for heavy burdens. Addison.

2. A kind of sledge or sled. Halliwell.

Dray cart, a dray. -- Dray horse, a heavy, strong horse used in drawing a dray.

Dray"age (?), n. 1. Use of a dray.

2. The charge, or sum paid, for the use of a dray.

Dray"man (?), n.; pl. Draymen (&?;). A man who attends a dray.

Draz"el (?), n. [Cf. Dross, Drossel.] A slut; a vagabond wench. Same as Drossel. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Dread (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dreaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Dreading.] [AS. dr&?;dan, in comp.; akin to OS. drdan, OHG. trtan, both only in comp.] To fear in a great degree; to regard, or look forward to, with terrific apprehension.

When at length the moment dreaded through so many years came close, the dark cloud passed away from Johnson's mind.

Macaulay.

Dread, v. i. To be in dread, or great fear.

Dread not, neither be afraid of them.

Deut. i. 29.

Dread, n. 1. Great fear in view of impending evil; fearful apprehension of danger; anticipatory terror.

The secret dread of divine displeasure.

Tillotson.

The dread of something after death.

Shak.

2. Reverential or respectful fear; awe.

The fear of you, and the dread of you, shall be upon every beast of the earth.

Gen. ix. 2.

His scepter shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings.

Shak.

3. An object of terrified apprehension.

4. A person highly revered. [Obs.] "Una, his dear dread." Spenser.

5. Fury; dreadfulness. [Obs.] Spenser.

6. Doubt; as, out of dread. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn. -- Awe; fear; affright; terror; horror; dismay; apprehension. See Reverence.

Dread, a. 1. Exciting great fear or apprehension; causing terror; frightful; dreadful.

A dread eternity! how surely mine.

Young.

2. Inspiring with reverential fear; awful' venerable; as, dread sovereign; dread majesty; dread tribunal.

Dread"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of being dreaded.

Dread"-bolt`ed (?), a. Armed with dreaded bolts. "Dread-bolted thunder." [Poetic] Shak.

Dread"er (?), n. One who fears, or lives in fear.

Dread"ful (?), a. 1. Full of dread or terror; fearful. [Obs.] "With dreadful heart." Chaucer.

2. Inspiring dread; impressing great fear; fearful; terrible; as, a dreadful storm. " Dreadful gloom." Milton.

For all things are less dreadful than they seem.

Wordsworth.

3. Inspiring awe or reverence; awful. [Obs.] "God's dreadful law." Shak.

Syn. -- Fearful; frightful; terrific; terrible; horrible; horrid; formidable; tremendous; awful; venerable. See Frightful.

Dread"ful*ly (?), adv. In a dreadful manner; terribly. Dryden.

Dread"ful*ness, n. The quality of being dreadful.

Dread"ing*ly, adv. With dread. Warner.

Dread"less, a. 1. Free from dread; fearless; intrepid; dauntless; as, dreadless heart. "The dreadless angel." Milton.

2. Exempt from danger which causes dread; secure. " safe in his dreadless den." Spenser.

Dread"less, adv. Without doubt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dread"less*ness, n. Freedom from dread.

Dread"ly, a. Dreadful. [Obs.] "Dreadly spectacle." Spenser. -- adv. With dread. [Obs.] "Dreadly to shake." Sylvester (Du Bartas).

Dread"naught` (?), n. 1. A fearless person.

2. Hence: A garment made of very thick cloth, that can defend against storm and cold; also, the cloth itself; fearnaught.

Dream (drm), n. [Akin to OS. drm, D. droom, G. traum, Icel. draumr, Dan. & Sw. dröm; cf. G. trügen to deceive, Skr. druh to harm, hurt, try to hurt. AS. dreám joy, gladness, and OS. drm joy are, perh., different words; cf. Gr. qry^los noise.] 1. The thoughts, or series of thoughts, or imaginary transactions, which occupy the mind during sleep; a sleeping vision.

Dreams are but interludes which fancy makes.

Dryden.

I had a dream which was not all a dream.

Byron.

2. A visionary scheme; a wild conceit; an idle fancy; a vagary; a revery; -- in this sense, applied to an imaginary or anticipated state of happiness; as, a dream of bliss; the dream of his youth.

There sober thought pursued the amusing theme, Till Fancy colored it and formed a dream.

Pope.

It is not them a mere dream, but a very real aim which they propose.

J. C. Shairp.

Dream, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dreamed (drmd) or Dreamt (drmt); p. pr. & vb. n. Dreaming.] [Cf. AS. drman, drman, to rejoice. See Dream, n.] 1. To have ideas or images in the mind while in the state of sleep; to experience sleeping visions; -- often with of; as, to dream of a battle, or of an absent friend.

2. To let the mind run on in idle revery or vagary; to anticipate vaguely as a coming and happy reality; to have a visionary notion or idea; to imagine.

Here may we sit and dream Over the heavenly theme

. Keble.

They dream on in a constant course of reading, but not digesting

. Locke.

Dream, v. t. To have a dream of; to see, or have a vision of, in sleep, or in idle fancy; -- often followed by an objective clause.

Your old men shall dream dreams

. Acts ii. 17.

At length in sleep their bodies they compose, And dreamt the future fight

. Dryden.

And still they dream that they shall still succeed

. Cowper.

To dream away, out, through, etc., to pass in revery or inaction; to spend in idle vagaries; as, to dream away an hour; to dream through life. " Why does Antony dream out his hours?" Dryden.

Dream"er (?), n. 1. One who dreams.

2. A visionary; one lost in wild imaginations or vain schemes of some anticipated good; as, a political dreamer.

Dream"ful (?), a. Full of dreams. " Dreamful ease." Tennyson. -- Dream"ful*ly, adv.

Dream"i*ly (?), adv. As if in a dream; softly; slowly; languidly. Longfellow.

Dream"i*ness, n. The state of being dreamy.

Dream"ing*ly, adv. In a dreamy manner.

Dream"land` (?), n. An unreal, delightful country such as in sometimes pictured in dreams; region of fancies; fairyland.

[He] builds a bridge from dreamland for his lay.

Lowell.

Dream"less, a. Free from, or without, dreams. Camden. -- Dream"less*ly, adv.

Dream"y (?), a. [Compar. Dreamier (?); superl. Dreamiest (?).] Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or like, dreams; visionary. "The dreamy dells." Tennyson.

Drear (drr), a. [See Dreary.] Dismal; gloomy with solitude. "A drear and dying sound." Milton.

Drear, n. Sadness; dismalness. [Obs.] Spenser.

{ Drear"i*head (-*hd), Drear"i*hood (-*hd), } n. Affliction; dreariness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Drear"i*ly, adv. Gloomily; dismally.

Drear"i*ment (?), n. Dreariness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Drear"i*ness, n. 1. Sorrow; wretchedness. [Obs.]

2. Dismalness; gloomy solitude.

Drear"ing, n. Sorrow. [Obs.] Spenser.

Drear"i*some (-sm), a. Very dreary. Halliwell.

Drear"y (drr"), a. [Compar. Drearier (?); superl. Dreariest.] [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.] 1. Sorrowful; distressful. [Obs.] " Dreary shrieks." Spenser.

2. Exciting cheerless sensations, feelings, or associations; comfortless; dismal; gloomy. " Dreary shades." Dryden. "The dreary ground." Prior.

Full many a dreary anxious hour.

Keble.

Johnson entered on his vocation in the most dreary part of that dreary interval which separated two ages of prosperity.

Macaulay.

Drec"che (?), v. t. [AS. dreccan, dreccean.] 1. To vex; to torment; to trouble. [Obs.]

As man that in his dream is drecched sore.

Chaucer.

Drec"che, v. i. To delay. [Obs.] Gower.

Dredge (drj), n. [F. drège, dreige, fish net, from a word akin to E. draw; cf. D. dreg, dregge, small anchor, dregnet dragnet. √73. See Draw.] 1. Any instrument used to gather or take by dragging; as: (a) A dragnet for taking up oysters, etc., from their beds. (b) A dredging machine. (c) An iron frame, with a fine net attached, used in collecting animals living at the bottom of the sea.

2. (Mining) Very fine mineral matter held in suspension in water. Raymond.

Dredge (drj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dredged (drjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Dredging.] To catch or gather with a dredge; to deepen with a dredging machine. R. Carew.

Dredging machine, a machine (commonly on a boat) used to scoop up mud, gravel, or obstructions from the bottom of rivers, docks, etc., so as to deepen them.

Dredge, n. [OE. dragge, F. dragée, dredge, also, sugar plum; cf. Prov. dragea, It. treggea; corrupted fr. LL. tragemata, pl., sweetmeats, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to gnaw.] A mixture of oats and barley. [Obs.] Kersey.

Dredge, v. t. To sift or sprinkle flour, etc., on, as on roasting meat. Beau. & Fl.

Dredging box. (a) Same as 2d Dredger. (b) (Gun.) A copper box with a perforated lid; -- used for sprinkling meal powder over shell fuses. Farrow.

Dredg"er (?), n. 1. One who fishes with a dredge.

2. A dredging machine.

Dredg"er, n. (Cookery) A box with holes in its lid; -- used for sprinkling flour, as on meat or a breadboard; -- called also dredging box, drudger, and drudging box.

Dree (?), v. t. [AS. dreógan to bear, endure, complete.] To endure; to suffer. [Scot.]

Dree, v. i. To be able to do or endure. [Obs.]

Dree, a. Wearisome; tedious. [Prov. Eng.]

Dreg (?), n. [Prob. from Icel. dregg; akin to Sw. drägg, cf. Icel. & Sw. draga to draw. Cf. Draw.] Corrupt or defiling matter contained in a liquid, or precipitated from it; refuse; feculence; lees; grounds; sediment; hence, the vilest and most worthless part of anything; as, the dregs of society.

We, the dregs and rubbish of mankind.

Dryden.

Used formerly (rarely) in the singular, as by Spenser and Shakespeare, but now chiefly in the plural.

Dreg"gi*ness (?), n. Fullness of dregs or lees; foulness; feculence.

Dreg"gish (?), a. Foul with lees; feculent. Harvey.

Dreg"gy (?), a. Containing dregs or lees; muddy; foul; feculent. Boyle.

Drein (?), v. i. To drain. [Obs.] Congreve.

Drein"te (?), imp., Dreint (&?;), p. p. of Drench to drown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Dreis"se*na (?), n. [NL. Named after Dreyssen, a Belgian physician.] (Zoöl.) A genus of bivalve shells of which one species (D. polymorpha) is often so abundant as to be very troublesome in the fresh waters of Europe.

Drench (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drenching.] [AS. drencan to give to drink, to drench, the causal of drincan to drink; akin to D. drenken, Sw. dränka, G. tränken. See Drink.] 1. To cause to drink; especially, to dose by force; to put a potion down the throat of, as of a horse; hence. to purge violently by physic.

As "to fell," is "to make to fall," and "to lay," to make to lie." so "to drench," is "to make to drink."

Trench.

2. To steep in moisture; to wet thoroughly; to soak; to saturate with water or other liquid; to immerse.

Now dam the ditches and the floods restrain; Their moisture has already drenched the plain.

Dryden.

Drench, n. [AS. drenc. See Drench, v. t.] A drink; a draught; specifically, a potion of medicine poured or forced down the throat; also, a potion that causes purging. "A drench of wine." Dryden.

Give my roan horse a drench.

Shak.

Drench, n. [AS. dreng warrior, soldier, akin to Icel. drengr.] (O. Eng. Law) A military vassal mentioned in Domesday Book. [Obs.] Burrill.

Drench"e (?), v. t. & i. To drown. [Obs.]

In the sea he drenched.

Chaucer.

Drench"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, west or steeps.

2. One who administers a drench.

Dren"gage (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) The tenure by which a drench held land. [Obs.] Burrill.

Drent (?), p. p. [See Dreinte.] Drenched; drowned. [Obs.] "Condemned to be drent." Spenser.

Dres"den ware` (?). A superior kind of decorated porcelain made near Dresden in Saxony.

Dress (drs), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dressed (drst) or Drest; p. pr. & vb. n. Dressing.] [OF. drecier to make straight, raise, set up, prepare, arrange, F. dresser, (assumed) LL. directiare, fr. L. dirigere, directum, to direct; dis- + regere to rule. See Right, and cf. Address, Adroit, Direct, Dirge.] 1. To direct; to put right or straight; to regulate; to order. [Obs.]

At all times thou shalt bless God and pray Him to dress thy ways.

Chaucer.

Dress is used reflexively in Old English, in sense of "to direct one's step; to address one's self."

To Grisild again will I me dresse.

Chaucer.

2. (Mil.) To arrange in exact continuity of line, as soldiers; commonly to adjust to a straight line and at proper distance; to align; as, to dress the ranks.

3. (Med.) To treat methodically with remedies, bandages, or curative appliances, as a sore, an ulcer, a wound, or a wounded or diseased part.

4. To adjust; to put in good order; to arrange; specifically: (a) To prepare for use; to fit for any use; to render suitable for an intended purpose; to get ready; as, to dress a slain animal; to dress meat; to dress leather or cloth; to dress or trim a lamp; to dress a garden; to dress a horse, by currying and rubbing; to dress grain, by cleansing it; in mining and metallurgy, to dress ores, by sorting and separating them.

<! p. 454 !>

And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it.

Gen. ii. 15.

When he dresseth the lamps he shall burn incense.

Ex. xxx. 7.

Three hundred horses . . . smoothly dressed.

Dryden.

Dressing their hair with the white sea flower.

Tennyson.

If he felt obliged to expostulate, he might have dressed his censures in a kinder form.

Carlyle.

(b) To cut to proper dimensions, or give proper shape to, as to a tool by hammering; also, to smooth or finish.

(c) To put in proper condition by appareling, as the body; to put clothes upon; to apparel; to invest with garments or rich decorations; to clothe; to deck.

Dressed myself in such humility.

Shak.

Prove that ever Idress myself handsome till thy return.

Shak.

(d) To break and train for use, as a horse or other animal.

To dress up or out, to dress elaborately, artificially, or pompously. "You see very often a king of England or France dressed up like a Julius Cæsar." Addison. -- To dress a ship (Naut.), to ornament her by hoisting the national colors at the peak and mastheads, and setting the jack forward; when dressed full, the signal flags and pennants are added. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Syn. -- To attire; apparel; clothe; accouter; array; robe; rig; trim; deck; adorn; embellish.

Dress, v. i. 1. (Mil.) To arrange one's self in due position in a line of soldiers; -- the word of command to form alignment in ranks; as, Right, dress!

2. To clothe or apparel one's self; to put on one's garments; to pay particular regard to dress; as, to dress quickly. "To dress for a ball." Latham.

To flaunt, to dress, to dance, to thrum.

Tennyson.

To dress to the right, To dress to the left, To dress on the center (Mil.), to form alignment with reference to the soldier on the extreme right, or in the center, of the rank, who serves as a guide.

Dress, n. 1. That which is used as the covering or ornament of the body; clothes; garments; habit; apparel. "In your soldier's dress." Shak.

2. A lady's gown; as, silk or a velvet dress.

3. Attention to apparel, or skill in adjusting it.

Men of pleasure, dress, and gallantry.

Pope.

4. (Milling) The system of furrows on the face of a millstone. Knight.

Dress circle. See under Circle. -- Dress parade (Mil.), a parade in full uniform for review.

Dress" coat` (?). A coat with skirts behind only, as distinct from the frock coat, of which the skirts surround the body. It is worn on occasions of ceremony. The dress coat of officers of the United States army is a full-skirted frock coat.

Dress"er (?), n. 1. One who dresses; one who put in order or makes ready for use; one who on clothes or ornaments.

2. (Mining) A kind of pick for shaping large coal.

3. An assistant in a hospital, whose office it is to dress wounds, sores, etc.

4. [F. dressoir. See Dress, v. t.] (a) A table or bench on which meat and other things are dressed, or prepared for use. (b) A cupboard or set of shelves to receive dishes and cooking utensils.

The pewter plates on the dresser Caught and reflected the flame, as shields of armies the sunshine.

Longfellow.

Dress" goods" (?). A term applied to fabrics for the gowns of women and girls; -- most commonly to fabrics of mixed materials, but also applicable to silks, printed linens, and calicoes.

Dress"i*ness (?), n. The state of being dressy.

Dress"ing, n. 1. Dress; raiment; especially, ornamental habiliment or attire. B. Jonson.

2. (Surg.) An application (a remedy, bandage, etc.) to a sore or wound. Wiseman.

3. Manure or compost over land. When it remains on the surface, it is called a top-dressing.

4. (Cookery) (a) A preparation to fit food for use; a condiment; as, a dressing for salad. (b) The stuffing of fowls, pigs, etc.; forcemeat.

5. Gum, starch, and the like, used in stiffening or finishing silk, linen, and other fabrics.

6. An ornamental finish, as a molding around doors, windows, or on a ceiling, etc.

7. Castigation; scolding; -- often with down. [Colloq.]

Dressing case, a case of toilet utensils. -- Dressing forceps, a variety of forceps, shaped like a pair of scissors, used in dressing wounds. -- Dressing gown, a light gown, such as is used by a person while dressing; a study gown. -- Dressing room, an apartment appropriated for making one's toilet. -- Dressing table, a table at which a person may dress, and on which articles for the toilet stand. -- Top-dressing, manure or compost spread over land and not worked into the soil.

Dress"mak`er (?), n. A maker of gowns, or similar garments; a mantuamaker.

Dress"mak`ing, n. The art, process, or occupation, of making dresses.

Dress"y (?), a. Showy in dress; attentive to dress.

A dressy flaunting maidservant.

T. Hook.

A neat, dressy gentleman in black.

W. Irving.

Drest (?), p. p. of Dress.

Dretch (?), v. t. & i. See Drecche. [Obs.]

Dreul (?), v. i. To drool. [Obs.]

Drev"il (?), n. A fool; a drudge. See Drivel.

Drew (?), imp. of Draw.

Drey (?), n. A squirrel's nest. See Dray. [Obs.]

Dreye (?), a. Dry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dreyn"te (?), imp., Dreynt (&?;), p. p., of Drench to drown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Drib (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dribbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dribbing.] [Cf. Drip.] To do by little and little; as: (a) To cut off by a little at a time; to crop. (b) To appropriate unlawfully; to filch; to defalcate.

He who drives their bargain dribs a part.

Dryden.

(c) To lead along step by step; to entice.

With daily lies she dribs thee into cost.

Dryden.

Drib (?), v. t. & i. (Archery) To shoot (a shaft) so as to pierce on the descent. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Drib, n. A drop. [Obs.] Swift.

Drib"ber (?), n. One who dribs; one who shoots weakly or badly. [Obs.] Ascham.

Drib"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dribbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dribbing (?).] [Freq. of drib, which is a variant of drip.] 1. To fall in drops or small drops, or in a quick succession of drops; as, water dribbles from the eaves.

2. To slaver, as a child or an idiot; to drivel.

3. To fall weakly and slowly. [Obs.] "The dribbling dart of love." Shak. (Meas. for Meas. , i. 3, 2). [Perhaps an error for dribbing.]

Drib"ble, v. t. To let fall in drops.

Let the cook . . . dribble it all the way upstairs.

Swift.

Drib"ble, n. A drizzling shower; a falling or leaking in drops. [Colloq.]

Drib"bler (?), n. One who dribbles.

{ Drib"blet (?), Drib"let (?), } n. [From Dribble.] A small piece or part; a small sum; a small quantity of money in making up a sum; as, the money was paid in dribblets.

When made up in dribblets, as they could, their best securities were at an interest of twelve per cent.

Burke.

Drie (?), v. t. [See Dree.] To endure. [Obs.]

So causeless such drede for to drie.

Chaucer.

Dried (drd), imp. & p. p. of Dry. Also adj.; as, dried apples.

Dri"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, dries; that which may expel or absorb moisture; a desiccative; as, the sun and a northwesterly wind are great driers of the earth.

2. (Paint.) Drying oil; a substance mingled with the oil used in oil painting to make it dry quickly.

Dri"er, compar., Dri"est, superl., of Dry, a.

Drift (?), n. [From drive; akin to LG. & D. drift a driving, Icel. drift snowdrift, Dan. drift, impulse, drove, herd, pasture, common, G. trift pasturage, drove. See Drive.] 1. A driving; a violent movement.

The dragon drew him [self] away with drift of his wings.

King Alisaunder (1332).

2. The act or motion of drifting; the force which impels or drives; an overpowering influence or impulse.

A bad man, being under the drift of any passion, will follow the impulse of it till something interpose.

South.

3. Course or direction along which anything is driven; setting. "Our drift was south." Hakluyt.

4. The tendency of an act, argument, course of conduct, or the like; object aimed at or intended; intention; hence, also, import or meaning of a sentence or discourse; aim.

He has made the drift of the whole poem a compliment on his country in general.

Addison.

Now thou knowest my drift.

Sir W. Scott.

5. That which is driven, forced, or urged along; as: (a) Anything driven at random. "Some log . . . a useless drift." Dryden. (b) A mass of matter which has been driven or forced onward together in a body, or thrown together in a heap, etc., esp. by wind or water; as, a drift of snow, of ice, of sand, and the like.

Drifts of rising dust involve the sky.

Pope.

We got the brig a good bed in the rushing drift [of ice].

Kane.

(c) A drove or flock, as of cattle, sheep, birds. [Obs.]

Cattle coming over the bridge (with their great drift doing much damage to the high ways).

Fuller.

6. (Arch.) The horizontal thrust or pressure of an arch or vault upon the abutments. [R.] Knight.

7. (Geol.) A collection of loose earth and rocks, or boulders, which have been distributed over large portions of the earth's surface, especially in latitudes north of forty degrees, by the agency of ice.

8. In South Africa, a ford in a river.

9. (Mech.) A slightly tapered tool of steel for enlarging or shaping a hole in metal, by being forced or driven into or through it; a broach.