Chapter 58

Drank, n. [Cf. 3d Drake.] Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

||Drap` d'é*té" (?). [F., clot of summer.] A thin woolen fabric, twilled like merino.

Drape (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Draping (?).] [F. draper, fr. drap cloth. See 3d Drab.] 1. To cover or adorn with drapery or folds of cloth, or as with drapery; as, to drape a bust, a building, etc.

The whole people were draped professionally.

De Quincey.

These starry blossoms, [of the snow] pure and white, Soft falling, falling, through the night, Have draped the woods and mere

. Bungay.

2. To rail at; to banter. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

Drape, v. i. 1. To make cloth. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To design drapery, arrange its folds, etc., as for hangings, costumes, statues, etc.

Dra"per (?), n. [F. drapier.] One who sells cloths; a dealer in cloths; as, a draper and tailor.

Dra"per*ied (?), a. Covered or supplied with drapery. [R.] Byron.

Dra"per*y (?), n.; pl. Draperies (#). [F. draperie.] 1. The occupation of a draper; cloth-making, or dealing in cloth. Bacon.

2. Cloth, or woolen stuffs in general.

People who ought to be weighing out grocery or measuring out drapery.

Macaulay.

3. A textile fabric used for decorative purposes, especially when hung loosely and in folds carefully disturbed; as: (a) Garments or vestments of this character worn upon the body, or shown in the representations of the human figure in art. (b) Hangings of a room or hall, or about a bed.

Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.

Bryant.

All the decent drapery of life is to be rudely torn off.

Burke.

Casting of draperies. See under Casting.

The casting of draperies . . . is one of the most important of an artist's studies.

Fairholt.

Dra"pet (?), n. [Dim. of drap.] Cloth. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dras"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to do, act: cf. F. drastique. See Drama.] (Med.) Acting rapidly and violently; efficacious; powerful; -- opposed to bland; as, drastic purgatives. -- n. (Med.) A violent purgative. See Cathartic.

Dras"ty (?), a. [AS. dærstan, dresten, dregs.] Filthy; worthless. [Obs.] "Drasty ryming." Chaucer.

Draugh (?), n. See Draft. [Obs.]

Draught (?), n. [The same as draft, the spelling with gh indicating an older pronunciation. See Draft, n., Draw.] 1. The act of drawing or pulling; as: (a) The act of moving loads by drawing, as by beasts of burden, and the like.

A general custom of using oxen for all sort of draught would be, perhaps, the greatest improvement.

Sir W. Temple.

(b) The drawing of a bowstring. [Obs.]

She sent an arrow forth with mighty draught.

Spenser.

(c) Act of drawing a net; a sweeping the water for fish.

Upon the draught of a pond, not one fish was left.

Sir M. Hale.

(d) The act of drawing liquor into the mouth and throat; the act of drinking.

In his hands he took the goblet, but a while the draught forbore.

Trench.

(e) A sudden attack or drawing upon an enemy. [Obs.]

By drawing sudden draughts upon the enemy when he looketh not for you.

Spenser.

(f) (Mil.) The act of selecting or detaching soldiers; a draft (see Draft, n., 2) (g) The act of drawing up, marking out, or delineating; representation. Dryden.

2. That which is drawn; as: (a) That which is taken by sweeping with a net.

Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught.

Luke v. 4.

He laid down his pipe, and cast his net, which brought him a very great draught.

L'Estrange.

(b) (Mil.) The force drawn; a detachment; -- in this sense usually written draft. (c) The quantity drawn in at once in drinking; a potion or potation.

Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, Slavery, . . . still thou art a bitter draught.

Sterne.

Low lies that house where nut-brown draughts inspired.

Goldsmith.

(d) A sketch, outline, or representation, whether written, designed, or drawn; a delineation.

A draught of a Toleration Act was offered to the Parliament by a private member.

Macaulay.

No picture or draught of these things from the report of the eye.

South.

(e) (Com.) An order for the payment of money; -- in this sense almost always written draft. (f) A current of air moving through an inclosed place, as through a room or up a chimney. Thackeray.

He preferred to go and sit upon the stairs, in . . . a strong draught of air, until he was again sent for.

Dickens.

3. That which draws; as: (a) A team of oxen or horses. Blackstone. (b) A sink or drain; a privy. Shak. Matt. xv. 17. (c) pl. (Med.) A mild vesicatory; a sinapism; as, to apply draughts to the feet.

4. Capacity of being drawn; force necessary to draw; traction.

The Hertfordshire wheel plow . . . is of the easiest draught.

Mortimer.

5. (Naut.) The depth of water necessary to float a ship, or the depth a ship sinks in water, especially when laden; as, a ship of twelve feet draught.

6. (Com.) An allowance on weighable goods. [Eng.] See Draft, 4.

7. A move, as at chess or checkers. [Obs.] Chaucer.

8. The bevel given to the pattern for a casting, in order that it may be drawn from the sand without injury to the mold.

9. (Masonry) See Draft, n., 7.

Angle of draught, the angle made with the plane over which a body is drawn by the line in which the pulling force acts, when the latter has the direction best adapted to overcome the obstacles of friction and the weight of the body. - - Black draught. See under Black, a. -- Blast draught, or Forced draught, the draught produced by a blower, as by blowing in air beneath a fire or drawing out the gases from above it. -- Natural draught, the draught produced by the atmosphere flowing, by its own weight, into a chimney wherein the air is rarefied by heat. -- On draught, so as to be drawn from the wood (as a cask, barrel, etc.) in distinction from being bottled; as, ale on draught. -- Sheer draught. See under Sheer.

Draught, a. 1. Used for drawing vehicles, loads, etc.; as, a draught beast; draught hooks.

2. Relating to, or characterized by, a draft, or current of air.

3. Used in making drawings; as, draught compasses.

4. Drawn directly from the barrel, or other receptacle, in distinction from bottled; on draught; -- said of ale, cider, and the like.

This word, especially in the first and second meanings, is often written draft, a spelling which is approved by many authorities.

Draught box. See Draught tube, below. -- Draught engine (Mining), an engine used for pumping, raising heavy weights, and the like. -- Draught hook (Mil.), one of the hooks on a cannon carriage, used in drawing the gun backward and forward. -- Draught horse, a horse employed in drawing loads, plowing, etc., as distinguished from a saddle horse or carriage horse. -- Draught net, a seine or hauling net. -- Draught ox, an ox employed in hauling loads, plowing, etc. -- Draught tube (Water Wheels), an air- tight pipe extending downward into the tailrace from a turbine wheel located above it, to make the whole fall available; -- called also draught box.

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Draught (drft), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draughted; p. pr. & vb. n. Draughting.] 1. To draw out; to call forth. See Draft. Addison.

2. To diminish or exhaust by drawing. [R.]

The Parliament so often draughted and drained.

Sir W. Scott.

3. To draw in outline; to make a draught, sketch, or plan of, as in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Draughting room, a room draughtsmen to work in, and where plans are kept.

Draught"board` (-brd`), n. A checkered board on which draughts are played. See Checkerboard.

Draught"house` (-hous`), n. A house for the reception of waste matter; a privy. [Obs.] 2 Kings x. 27.

Draughts (?), n. pl. A mild vesicatory. See Draught, n., 3 (c).

Draughts, n. pl. A game, now more commonly called checkers. See Checkers.

Polish draughts is sometimes played with 40 pieces on a board divided into 100 squares. Am. Cyc.

Draughts"man (?), n.; pl. Draughtsmen (&?;). 1. One who draws pleadings or other writings.

2. One who draws plans and sketches of machinery, structures, and places; also, more generally, one who makes drawings of any kind.

3. A "man" or piece used in the game of draughts.

4. One who drinks drams; a tippler. [Obs.] Tatler.

Draughts"man*ship, n. The office, art, or work of a draughtsman.

Draught"y (?), a. Pertaining to a draught, or current of air; as, a draughtly, comfortless room.

Drave (?), old imp. of Drive. [Obs.]

Dra"vi*da (?), n. pl. [Skr. Drvia, prob. meaning, Tamil.] (Ethnol.) A race of Hindostan, believed to be the original people who occupied the land before the Hindoo or Aryan invasion.

Dra*vid"i*an (?), a. [From Skr. Drvia, the name of the southern portion of the peninsula of India.] (Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to the Dravida.

Dravidian languages, a group of languages of Southern India, which seem to have been the idioms of the natives, before the invasion of tribes speaking Sanskrit. Of these languages, the Tamil is the most important.

Draw (dr), v. t. [imp. Drew (dr); p. p. Drawn (drn); p. pr. & vb. n. Drawing.] [OE. draen, drahen, draien, drawen, AS. dragan; akin to Icel. & Sw. draga, Dan. drage to draw, carry, and prob. to OS. dragan to bear, carry, D. dragen, G. tragen, Goth. dragan; cf. Skr. dhraj to move along, glide; and perh. akin to Skr. dhar to hold, bear. &radic;73. Cf. 2d Drag, Dray a cart, 1st Dredge.] 1. To cause to move continuously by force applied in advance of the thing moved; to pull along; to haul; to drag; to cause to follow.

He cast him down to ground, and all along Drew him through dirt and mire without remorse.

Spenser.

He hastened to draw the stranger into a private room.

Sir W. Scott.

Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seats?

James ii. 6.

The arrow is now drawn to the head.

Atterbury.

2. To influence to move or tend toward one's self; to exercise an attracting force upon; to call towards itself; to attract; hence, to entice; to allure; to induce.

The poet Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods.

Shak.

All eyes you draw, and with the eyes the heart.

Dryden.

3. To cause to come out for one's use or benefit; to extract; to educe; to bring forth; as: (a) To bring or take out, or to let out, from some receptacle, as a stick or post from a hole, water from a cask or well, etc.

The drew out the staves of the ark.

2 Chron. v. 9.

Draw thee waters for the siege.

Nahum iii. 14.

I opened the tumor by the point of a lancet without drawing one drop of blood.

Wiseman.

(b) To pull from a sheath, as a sword.

I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them.

Ex. xv. 9.

(c) To extract; to force out; to elicit; to derive.

Spirits, by distillations, may be drawn out of vegetable juices, which shall flame and fume of themselves.

Cheyne.

Until you had drawn oaths from him.

Shak.

(d) To obtain from some cause or origin; to infer from evidence or reasons; to deduce from premises; to derive.

We do not draw the moral lessons we might from history.

Burke.

(e) To take or procure from a place of deposit; to call for and receive from a fund, or the like; as, to draw money from a bank. (f) To take from a box or wheel, as a lottery ticket; to receive from a lottery by the drawing out of the numbers for prizes or blanks; hence, to obtain by good fortune; to win; to gain; as, he drew a prize. (g) To select by the drawing of lots.

Provided magistracies were filled by men freely chosen or drawn.

Freeman.

4. To remove the contents of; as: (a) To drain by emptying; to suck dry.

Sucking and drawing the breast dischargeth the milk as fast as it can generated.

Wiseman.

(b) To extract the bowels of; to eviscerate; as, to draw a fowl; to hang, draw, and quarter a criminal.

In private draw your poultry, clean your tripe.

King.

5. To take into the lungs; to inhale; to inspire; hence, also, to utter or produce by an inhalation; to heave. "Where I first drew air." Milton.

Drew, or seemed to draw, a dying groan.

Dryden.

6. To extend in length; to lengthen; to protract; to stretch; to extend, as a mass of metal into wire.

How long her face is drawn!

Shak.

And the huge Offa's dike which he drew from the mouth of Wye to that of Dee.

J. R. Green.

7. To run, extend, or produce, as a line on any surface; hence, also, to form by marking; to make by an instrument of delineation; to produce, as a sketch, figure, or picture.

8. To represent by lines drawn; to form a sketch or a picture of; to represent by a picture; to delineate; hence, to represent by words; to depict; to describe.

A flattering painter who made it his care To draw men as they ought to be, not as they are.

Goldsmith.

Can I, untouched, the fair one's passions move, Or thou draw beauty and not feel its power?

Prior.

9. To write in due form; to prepare a draught of; as, to draw a memorial, a deed, or bill of exchange.

Clerk, draw a deed of gift.

Shak.

10. To require (so great a depth, as of water) for floating; -- said of a vessel; to sink so deep in (water); as, a ship draws ten feet of water.

11. To withdraw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Go wash thy face, and draw the action.

Shak.

12. To trace by scent; to track; -- a hunting term.

Draw, in most of its uses, retains some shade of its original sense, to pull, to move forward by the application of force in advance, or to extend in length, and usually expresses an action as gradual or continuous, and leisurely. We pour liquid quickly, but we draw it in a continued stream. We force compliance by threats, but we draw it by gradual prevalence. We may write a letter with haste, but we draw a bill with slow caution and regard to a precise form. We draw a bar of metal by continued beating.

To draw a bow, to bend the bow by drawing the string for discharging the arrow. -- To draw a cover, to clear a cover of the game it contains. - - To draw a curtain, to cause a curtain to slide or move, either closing or unclosing. "Night draws the curtain, which the sun withdraws." Herbert. -- To draw a line, to fix a limit or boundary. -- To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for exportation. -- To draw breath, to breathe. Shak. -- To draw cuts or lots. See under Cut, n. -- To draw in. (a) To bring or pull in; to collect. (b) To entice; to inveigle. -- To draw interest, to produce or gain interest. -- To draw off, to withdraw; to abstract. Addison. -- To draw on, to bring on; to occasion; to cause. "War which either his negligence drew on, or his practices procured." Hayward. -- To draw (one) out, to elicit cunningly the thoughts and feelings of another. -- To draw out, to stretch or extend; to protract; to spread out. -- "Wilt thou draw out thine anger to all generations?" Ps. lxxxv. 5. "Linked sweetness long drawn out." Milton. -- To draw over, to cause to come over, to induce to leave one part or side for the opposite one. -- To draw the longbow, to exaggerate; to tell preposterous tales. -- To draw (one) to or on to (something), to move, to incite, to induce. "How many actions most ridiculous hast thou been drawn to by thy fantasy?" Shak. -- To draw up. (a) To compose in due form; to draught; to form in writing. (b) To arrange in order, as a body of troops; to array. "Drawn up in battle to receive the charge." Dryden.

Syn. -- To Draw, Drag. Draw differs from drag in this, that drag implies a natural inaptitude for drawing, or positive resistance; it is applied to things pulled or hauled along the ground, or moved with toil or difficulty. Draw is applied to all bodies moved by force in advance, whatever may be the degree of force; it commonly implies that some kind of aptitude or provision exists for drawing. Draw is the more general or generic term, and drag the more specific. We say, the horses draw a coach or wagon, but they drag it through mire; yet draw is properly used in both cases.

Draw (?), v. i. 1. To pull; to exert strength in drawing anything; to have force to move anything by pulling; as, a horse draws well; the sails of a ship draw well.

A sail is said to draw when it is filled with wind.

2. To draw a liquid from some receptacle, as water from a well.

The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep.

John iv. 11.

3. To exert an attractive force; to act as an inducement or enticement.

Keep a watch upon the particular bias of their minds, that it may not draw too much.

Addison.

4. (Med.) To have efficiency as an epispastic; to act as a sinapism; -- said of a blister, poultice, etc.

5. To have draught, as a chimney, flue, or the like; to furnish transmission to smoke, gases, etc.

6. To unsheathe a weapon, especially a sword.

So soon as ever thou seest him, draw; and as thou drawest, swear horrible.

Shak.

7. To perform the act, or practice the art, of delineation; to sketch; to form figures or pictures. "Skill in drawing." Locke.

8. To become contracted; to shrink. "To draw into less room." Bacon.

9. To move; to come or go; literally, to draw one's self; -- with prepositions and adverbs; as, to draw away, to move off, esp. in racing, to get in front; to obtain the lead or increase it; to draw back, to retreat; to draw level, to move up even (with another); to come up to or overtake another; to draw off, to retire or retreat; to draw on, to advance; to draw up, to form in array; to draw near, nigh, or towards, to approach; to draw together, to come together, to collect.

10. To make a draft or written demand for payment of money deposited or due; -- usually with on or upon.

You may draw on me for the expenses of your journey.

Jay.

11. To admit the action of pulling or dragging; to undergo draught; as, a carriage draws easily.

12. To sink in water; to require a depth for floating. "Greater hulks draw deep." Shak.

To draw to a head. (a) (Med.) To begin to suppurate; to ripen, as a boil. (b) Fig.: To ripen, to approach the time for action; as, the plot draws to a head.

Draw, n. 1. The act of drawing; draught.

2. A lot or chance to be drawn.

3. A drawn game or battle, etc. [Colloq.]

4. That part of a bridge which may be raised, swung round, or drawn aside; the movable part of a drawbridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. [U.S.]

Draw"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being drawn.

Draw"back` (?), n. 1. A loss of advantage, or deduction from profit, value, success, etc.; a discouragement or hindrance; objectionable feature.

The avarice of Henry VII . . . . must be deemed a drawback from the wisdom ascribed to him.

Hallam.

2. (Com.) Money paid back or remitted; especially, a certain amount of duties or customs, sometimes the whole, and sometimes only a part, remitted or paid back by the government, on the exportation of the commodities on which they were levied. M‘Culloch.

Draw"bar` (?), n. (Railroad) (a) An openmouthed bar at the end of a car, which receives a coupling link and pin by which the car is drawn. It is usually provided with a spring to give elasticity to the connection between the cars of a train. (b) A bar of iron with an eye at each end, or a heavy link, for coupling a locomotive to a tender or car.

Draw"bench` (?), n. (Med.) A machine in which strips of metal are drawn through a drawplate; especially, one in which wire is thus made; -- also called drawing bench.

Draw"bolt` (?), n. (Engin.) A coupling pin. See under Coupling.

Draw"bore` (?), n. (Joinery) A hole bored through a tenon nearer to the shoulder than the holes through the cheeks are to the edge or abutment against which the shoulder is to rest, so that a pin or bolt, when driven into it, will draw these parts together. Weale.

Draw"bore`, v. t. 1. To make a drawbore in; as, to drawbore a tenon.

2. To enlarge the bore of a gun barrel by drawing, instead of thrusting, a revolving tool through it.

Draw"boy` (?), n. (Weaving) A boy who operates the harness cords of a hand loom; also, a part of power loom that performs the same office.

Draw"bridge` (?), n. A bridge of which either the whole or a part is made to be raised up, let down, or drawn or turned aside, to admit or hinder communication at pleasure, as before the gate of a town or castle, or over a navigable river or canal.

The movable portion, or draw, is called, specifically, a bascule, balance, or lifting bridge, a turning, swivel, or swing bridge, or a rolling bridge, according as it turns on a hinge vertically, or on a pivot horizontally, or is pushed on rollers.

Draw"can*sir (?), n. [From the name of a bullying braggart character in the play by George Villiers called "The Rehearsal."] A blustering, bullying fellow; a pot-valiant braggart; a bully.

The leader was of an ugly look and gigantic stature; he acted like a drawcansir, sparing neither friend nor foe.

Addison.

Draw"-cut` (?), n. A single cut with a knife.

Draw*ee" (?), n. (Law) The person on whom an order or bill of exchange is drawn; -- the correlative of drawer.

Draw"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, draws; as: (a) One who draws liquor for guests; a waiter in a taproom. Shak. (b) One who delineates or depicts; a draughtsman; as, a good drawer. (c) (Law) One who draws a bill of exchange or order for payment; -- the correlative of drawee.

2. That which is drawn; as: (a) A sliding box or receptacle in a case, which is opened by pulling or drawing out, and closed by pushing in. (b) pl. An under-garment worn on the lower limbs.

Chest of drawers. See under Chest.

Draw"fil`ing (?), n. The process of smooth filing by working the file sidewise instead of lengthwise.

Draw"gear` (?), n. 1. A harness for draught horses.

2. (Railroad) The means or parts by which cars are connected to be drawn.

Draw"gloves` (?), n. pl. An old game, played by holding up the fingers. Herrick.

Draw"head` (?), n. (Railroad) The flanged outer end of a drawbar; also, a name applied to the drawgear.

Draw"ing, n. 1. The act of pulling, or attracting.

2. The act or the art of representing any object by means of lines and shades; especially, such a representation when in one color, or in tints used not to represent the colors of natural objects, but for effect only, and produced with hard material such as pencil, chalk, etc.; delineation; also, the figure or representation drawn.

3. The process of stretching or spreading metals as by hammering, or, as in forming wire from rods or tubes and cups from sheet metal, by pulling them through dies.

4. (Textile Manuf.) The process of pulling out and elongating the sliver from the carding machine, by revolving rollers, to prepare it for spinning.

5. The distribution of prizes and blanks in a lottery.

Drawing is used adjectively or as the first part of compounds in the sense of pertaining to drawing, for drawing (in the sense of pulling, and of pictorial representation); as, drawing master or drawing-master, drawing knife or drawing-knife, drawing machine, drawing board, drawing paper, drawing pen, drawing pencil, etc.

A drawing of tea, a small portion of tea for steeping. -- Drawing knife. See in the Vocabulary. -- Drawing paper (Fine Arts), a thick, sized paper for draughtsman and for water- color painting. -- Drawing slate, a soft, slaty substance used in crayon drawing; -- called also black chalk, or drawing chalk. -- Free-hand drawing, a style of drawing made without the use of guiding or measuring instruments, as distinguished from mechanical or geometrical drawing; also, a drawing thus executed.

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{ Draw"ing knife" (?), Draw"knife` (?) }, n. 1. A joiner's tool having a blade with a handle at each end, used to shave off surfaces, by drawing it toward one; a shave; -- called also drawshave, and drawing shave.

2. (Carp.) A tool used for the purpose of making an incision along the path a saw is to follow, to prevent it from tearing the surface of the wood.

Draw"ing-room` (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. withdraw-ing-room.] 1. A room appropriated for the reception of company; a room to which company withdraws from the dining room.

2. The company assembled in such a room; also, a reception of company in it; as, to hold a drawing- room.