Chapter 43

Dis*or`gan*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. désorganisation. See Disorganize, v. t.] 1. The act of disorganizing; destruction of system.

2. The state of being disorganized; as, the disorganization of the body, or of government.

The magazine of a pawnbroker in such total disorganization, that the owner can never lay his hands upon any one article at the moment he has occasion for it.

Sir W. Scott.

Dis*or"gan*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disorganized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disorganizing (?).] [Pref. dis- + organize: cf. F. désorganiser.] To destroy the organic structure or regular system of (a government, a society, a party, etc.); to break up (what is organized); to throw into utter disorder; to disarrange.

Lyford . . . attempted to disorganize the church.

Eliot (1809).

Dis*or"gan*i`zer (?), n. One who disorganizes or causes disorder and confusion.

Dis*o"ri*ent (?), v. t. To turn away from the east; to confuse as to which way is east; to cause to lose one's bearings. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Dis*o"ri*en*tate (?), v. t. To turn away from the east, or (figuratively) from the right or the truth. [R.]

Dis*own" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disowned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disowning.] 1. To refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to one's self; to disavow or deny, as connected with one's self personally; as, a parent can hardly disown his child; an author will sometimes disown his writings.

2. To refuse to acknowledge or allow; to deny.

Then they, who brother's better claim disown, Expel their parents, and usurp the throne.

Dryden.

Syn. -- To disavow; disclaim; deny; abnegate; renounce; disallow.

Dis*own"ment (?), n. Act of disowning. [R.]

Dis*ox"i*date (?), v. t. (Chem.) To deoxidate; to deoxidize. [R.]

Dis*ox`i*da"tion (?), n. (Chem.) Deoxidation. [R.]

Dis*ox"y*gen*ate (?), v. t. (Chem.) To deprive of oxygen; to deoxidize. [R.]

Dis*ox`y*gen*a"tion (?), n. (Chem.) Deoxidation. [R.]

Dis*pace" (?), v. i. [Pref. dis- asunder, different ways, to and fro + pace.] To roam. [Obs.]

In this fair plot dispacing to and fro.

Spenser.

Dis*pair" (?), v. t. To separate (a pair). [R.]

I have . . . dispaired two doves.

Beau. & Fl.

Dis*pand" (?), v. t. [L. dispandere to spread out; pref. dis- + pandere, pansum, to spread out.] To spread out; to expand. [Obs.] Bailey.

Dis*pan"sion (?), n. [See Dispand.] Act of dispanding, or state of being dispanded. [Obs.]

Dis*par"a*dised, a. Removed from paradise. [R.] Cockeram.

Dis*par"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disparaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disparaging (?).] [OF. desparagier, F. déparager, to marry unequally; pref. des- (L. dis-) + F. parage extraction, lineage, from L. par equal, peer. See Peer.] 1. To match unequally; to degrade or dishonor by an unequal marriage. [Obs.]

Alas! that any of my nation Should ever so foul disparaged be.

Chaucer.

2. To dishonor by a comparison with what is inferior; to lower in rank or estimation by actions or words; to speak slightingly of; to depreciate; to undervalue.

Those forbidding appearances which sometimes disparage the actions of men sincerely pious.

Bp. Atterbury.

Thou durst not thus disparage glorious arms.

Milton.

Syn. -- To decry; depreciate; undervalue; underrate; cheapen; vilify; reproach; detract from; derogate from; degrade; debase. See Decry.

Dis"pa*rage` (?), n. Inequality in marriage; marriage with an inferior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dissuaded her from such a disparage.

Spenser.

Dis*par"age*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. desparagement.] 1. Matching any one in marriage under his or her degree; injurious union with something of inferior excellence; a lowering in rank or estimation. [Eng.]

And thought that match a foul disparagement.

Spenser.

2. Injurious comparison with an inferior; a depreciating or dishonoring opinion or insinuation; diminution of value; dishonor; indignity; reproach; disgrace; detraction; -- commonly with to.

It ought to be no disparagement to a star that it is not the sun.

South.

Imitation is a disparagement and a degradation in a Christian minister.

I. Taylor.

Syn. -- Indignity; derogation; detraction; reproach; dishonor; debasement; degradation; disgrace.

Dis*par"a*ger (?), n. One who disparages or dishonors; one who vilifies or disgraces.

Dis*par"a*ging*ly (?), adv. In a manner to disparage or dishonor; slightingly.

Dis"pa*rate (?), a. [L. disparatus, p. p. of disparare to part, separate; dis- + parare to make ready, prepare.] 1. Unequal; dissimilar; separate.

Connecting disparate thoughts, purely by means of resemblances in the words expressing them.

Coleridge.

2. (Logic) Pertaining to two coördinate species or divisions.

Dis"pa*rates (?), n. pl. Things so unequal or unlike that they can not be compared with each other.

Dis`pa*ri"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. disparition.] Act of disappearing; disappearance. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Dis*par"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Disparities (#). [LL. disparitas, fr. L. dispar unlike, unequal; dis- + par equal: cf. F. disparité. See Par, Peer.] Inequality; difference in age, rank, condition, or excellence; dissimilitude; -- followed by between, in, of, as to, etc.; as, disparity in, or of, years; a disparity as to color.

The disparity between God and his intelligent creatures.

I. Taylor.

The disparity of numbers was not such as ought to cause any uneasiness.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Inequality; unlikeness; dissimilitude; disproportion; difference.

Dis*park" (?), v. t. 1. To throw (a park or inclosure); to treat (a private park) as a common.

The Gentiles were made to be God's people when the Jews' inclosure was disparked.

Jer. Taylor.

2. To set at large; to release from inclosure.

Till his free muse threw down the pale, And did at once dispark them all.

Waller.

Dis*par"kle (?), v. t. [OF. desparpeillier.] To scatter abroad. [Obs.] Holland.

Dis*part" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Disparting.] [Pref. dis- + part: cf. OF. despartir.] To part asunder; to divide; to separate; to sever; to rend; to rive or split; as, disparted air; disparted towers. [Archaic]

Them in twelve troops their captain did dispart.

Spenser.

The world will be whole, and refuses to be disparted.

Emerson.

Dis*part", v. i. To separate, to open; to cleave.

Dis*part", n. 1. (Gun.) The difference between the thickness of the metal at the mouth and at the breech of a piece of ordnance.

On account of the dispart, the line of aim or line of metal, which is in a plane passing through the axis of the gun, always makes a small angle with the axis.

Eng. Cys.

2. (Gun.) A piece of metal placed on the muzzle, or near the trunnions, on the top of a piece of ordnance, to make the line of sight parallel to the axis of the bore; -- called also dispart sight, and muzzle sight.

Dis*part" (?), v. t. 1. (Gun.) To make allowance for the dispart in (a gun), when taking aim.

Every gunner, before he shoots, must truly dispart his piece.

Lucar.

2. (Gun.) To furnish with a dispart sight.

Dis*pas"sion (?), n. Freedom from passion; an undisturbed state; apathy. Sir W. Temple.

Dis*pas"sion*ate (?), a. 1. Free from passion; not warped, prejudiced, swerved, or carried away by passion or feeling; judicial; calm; composed.

Wise and dispassionate men.

Clarendon.

2. Not dictated by passion; not proceeding from temper or bias; impartial; as, dispassionate proceedings; a dispassionate view.

Syn. -- Calm; cool; composed serene; unimpassioned; temperate; moderate; impartial; unruffled.

-- Dis*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv. -- Dis*pas"sion*ate*ness, n.

Dis*pas"sioned (?), a. Free from passion; dispassionate. [R.] "Dispassioned men." Donne.

Dis*patch" (?; 224), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispatching.] [OF. despeechier, F. dépêcher; prob. from pref. des- (L. dis-) + (assumed) LL. pedicare to place obstacles in the way, fr. L. pedica fetter, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Impeach, Despatch.] [Written also despatch.] 1. To dispose of speedily, as business; to execute quickly; to make a speedy end of; to finish; to perform.

Ere we put ourselves in arms, dispatch we The business we have talked of.

Shak.

[The] harvest men . . . almost in one fair day dispatcheth all the harvest work.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To rid; to free. [Obs.]

I had clean dispatched myself of this great charge.

Udall.

3. To get rid of by sending off; to send away hastily.

Unless dispatched to the mansion house in the country . . . they perish among the lumber of garrets.

Walpole.

4. To send off or away; -- particularly applied to sending off messengers, messages, letters, etc., on special business, and implying haste.

Even with the speediest expedition I will dispatch him to the emperor's cou&?;&?;.

Shak.

5. To send out of the world; to put to death.

The company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords.

Ezek. xxiii. 47.

Syn. -- To expedite; hasten; speed; accelerate; perform; conclude; finish; slay; kill.

Dis*patch", v. i. To make haste; to conclude an affair; to finish a matter of business.

They have dispatched with Pompey.

Shak.

Dis*patch", n. [Cf. OF. despeche, F. dépêche. See Dispatch, v. t.] [Written also despatch.] 1. The act of sending a message or messenger in haste or on important business.

2. Any sending away; dismissal; riddance.

To the utter dispatch of all their most beloved comforts.

Milton.

3. The finishing up of a business; speedy performance, as of business; prompt execution; diligence; haste.

Serious business, craving quick dispatch.

Shak.

To carry his scythe . . . with a sufficient dispatch through a sufficient space.

Paley.

4. A message dispatched or sent with speed; especially, an important official letter sent from one public officer to another; -- often used in the plural; as, a messenger has arrived with dispatches for the American minister; naval or military dispatches.

5. A message transmitted by telegraph. [Modern]

Dispatch boat, a swift vessel for conveying dispatches; an advice boat. -- Dispatch box, a box for carrying dispatches; a box for papers and other conveniences when traveling.

Syn. -- Haste; hurry; promptness; celerity; speed. See Haste.

Dis*patch"er (?), n. One who dispatches.

Dis*patch"ful (?), a. Bent on haste; intent on speedy execution of business or any task; indicating haste; quick; as, dispatchful looks. Milton.

Dis*patch"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. despechement.] The act of dispatching. [Obs.] State Trials (1529).

Dis"pa*thy (?), n.; pl. Dispathies (#). [Pref. dis- + Gr. &?; passion. See Pathos.] Lack of sympathy; want of passion; apathy. [R.]

Many discrepancies and some dispathies between us.

Southey.

Dis*pau"per (?), v. t. To deprive of the claim of a pauper to public support; to deprive of the privilege of suing in forma pauperis.

Dis*pau"per*ize (?), v. t. To free a state of pauperism, or from paupers. J. S. Mill.

Dis*peed" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + speed.] To send off with speed; to dispatch. [Obs.] Knolles.

Then they dispeeded themselves of the Cid and of their mother-in-law, Do&?;a Ximena.

Southey.

Dis*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispelling.] [L. dispellere; dis- + pellere to push, drive. See Pulse a beating.] To drive away by scattering, or so to cause to vanish; to clear away; to banish; to dissipate; as, to dispel a cloud, vapors, cares, doubts, illusions.

[Satan] gently raised their fainting courage, and dispelled their fears.

Milton.

I saw myself the lambent easy light Gild the brown horror, and dispel the night.

Dryden.

Dis*pence" (?), v. i. & n. See Dispense. [Obs.]

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Dis*pend" (?), v. t. [OF. despendre, L. dispendere to weigh out, dispense; dis- + pendere to weigh. See Pension, Spend, and cf. Dispense.] To spend; to lay out; to expend. [Obs.] Spenser.

Able to dispend yearly twenty pounds and above.

Fuller.

Dis*pend"er (?), n. One who dispends or expends; a steward. [Obs.] Wyclif (1 Cor. iv. 1).

Dis*pen"sa*ble (?), a. [LL. dispensabilis. See Dispense.] 1. Capable of being dispensed or administered.

2. Capable of being dispensed with. Coleridge.

Dis*pen"sa*ble*ness, n. Quality of being dispensable.

Dis*pen"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Dispensaries (#). [Cf. F. dispensaire.] 1. A place where medicines are prepared and dispensed; esp., a place where the poor can obtain medical advice and medicines gratuitously or at a nominal price.

2. A dispensatory. Pope.

Dis`pen*sa"tion (?), n. [F. dispensation, L. dispensatio.] 1. The act of dispensing or dealing out; distribution; often used of the distribution of good and evil by God to man, or more generically, of the acts and modes of his administration.

To respect the dispensations of Providence.

Burke.

2. That which is dispensed, dealt out, or appointed; that which is enjoined or bestowed; especially (Theol.), A system of principles, promises, and rules ordained and administered; scheme; economy; as, the Patriarchal, Mosaic, and Christian dispensations.

Neither are God's methods or intentions different in his dispensations to each private man.

Rogers.

3. The relaxation of a law in a particular case; permission to do something forbidden, or to omit doing something enjoined; specifically, in the Roman Catholic Church, exemption from some ecclesiastical law or obligation to God which a man has incurred of his own free will (oaths, vows, etc.).

A dispensation was obtained to enable Dr. Barrow to marry.

Ward.

Dis*pen"sa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. dispensatif.] Granting dispensation.

Dis*pen"sa*tive*ly, adv. By dispensation. Wotton.

Dis"pen*sa`tor (?), n. [L.] A distributer; a dispenser. Bacon.

Dis*pen"sa*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In the way of dispensation; dispensatively.

Dis*pen"sa*to*ry (?), a. [L. dispensatorius relating to management. See Dispense, v. t.] Granting, or authorized to grant, dispensations. "Dispensatory power." Bp. Rainbow.

Dis*pen"sa*to*ry, n.; pl. Dispensatories (&?;). A book or medicinal formulary containing a systematic description of drugs, and of preparations made from them. It is usually, but not always, distinguished from a pharmacopœia in that it issued by private parties, and not by an official body or by government.

Dis*pense" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispensing.] [F. dispenser, L. dispensare, intens. of dispendere. See Dispend.] 1. To deal out in portions; to distribute; to give; as, the steward dispenses provisions according directions; Nature dispenses her bounties; to dispense medicines.

He is delighted to dispense a share of it to all the company.

Sir W. Scott.

2. To apply, as laws to particular cases; to administer; to execute; to manage; to direct.

While you dispense the laws, and guide the state.

Dryden.

3. To pay for; to atone for. [Obs.]

His sin was dispensed With gold, whereof it was compensed.

Gower.

4. To exempt; to excuse; to absolve; -- with from.

It was resolved that all members of the House who held commissions, should be dispensed from parliamentary attendance.

Macaulay.

He appeared to think himself born to be supported by others, and dispensed from all necessity of providing for himself.

Johnson.

Dis*pense", v. i. 1. To compensate; to make up; to make amends. [Obs.]

One loving hour For many years of sorrow can dispense.

Spenser.

2. To give dispensation.

He [the pope] can also dispense in all matters of ecclesiastical law.

Addis & Arnold (Cath. Dict. )

To dispense with. (a) To permit the neglect or omission of, as a form, a ceremony, an oath; to suspend the operation of, as a law; to give up, release, or do without, as services, attention, etc.; to forego; to part with. (b) To allow by dispensation; to excuse; to exempt; to grant dispensation to or for. [Obs.] "Conniving and dispensing with open and common adultery." Milton. (c) To break or go back from, as one's word. [Obs.] Richardson.

Dis*pense", n. [Cf. F. dispense dispensation. See Dispense, v. t.] Dispensation; exemption. [Obs.]

Dis*pense", n. [OF. despense, F. dépense.] Expense; profusion; outlay. [Obs.]

It was a vault built for great dispense.

Spenser.

Dis*pens"er (?), n. One who, or that which, dispenses; a distributer; as, a dispenser of favors.

Dis*peo"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispeopled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispeopling (?).] [Pref. dis- + people: cf. F. dépeupler.] To deprive of inhabitants; to depopulate.

Leave the land dispeopled and desolate.

Sir T. More.

A certain island long before dispeopled . . . by sea rivers.

Milton.

Dis*peo"pler (?), n. One who, or that which, dispeoples; a depopulator. Gay.

Dis*perge" (?), v. t. [L. dispergere. See Disperse.] To sprinkle. [Obs.]

Di*sper"mous (d*spr"ms), a. [Gr. di- = dis + spe`rma seed, fr. spei`rein to sow: cf. F. disperme.] (Bot.) Containing only two seeds; two- seeded.

Dis*per"ple (?), v. t. [OF. desparpeulier.] To scatter; to sprinkle. [Obs.]

Odorous water was Disperpled lightly on my head and neck.

Chapman.

Dis*per"sal (?), n. The act or result of dispersing or scattering; dispersion. Darwin.

Dis*perse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispersed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispersing.] [L. dispersus, p. p. of dispergere to strew, scatter. See Sparse.] 1. To scatter abroad; to drive to different parts; to distribute; to diffuse; to spread; as, the Jews are dispersed among all nations.

The lips of the wise disperse knowledge.

Prov. xv. 7.

Two lions, in the still, dark night, A herd of beeves disperse.

Cowper.

2. To scatter, so as to cause to vanish; to dissipate; as, to disperse vapors.

Dispersed are the glories.

Shak.

Syn. -- To scatter; dissipate; dispel; spread; diffuse; distribute; deal out; disseminate.

Dis*perse", v. i. 1. To separate; to go or move into different parts; to vanish; as, the company dispersed at ten o'clock; the clouds disperse.

2. To distribute wealth; to share one's abundance with others.

He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor.

Ps. cxii. 9.

Dis*persed" (?), a. Scattered. -- Dis*pers"ed*ly (#), adv. -- Dis*pers"ed*ness, n.

Dispersed harmony (Mus.), harmony in which the tones composing the chord are widely separated, as by an octave or more.

Dis*perse"ness (?), n. Dispersedness. [Obs.]

Dis*pers"er (?), n. One that disperses.

Dis*per"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. dispersion.] 1. The act or process of scattering or dispersing, or the state of being scattered or separated; as, the Jews in their dispersion retained their rites and ceremonies; a great dispersion of the human family took place at the building of Babel.

The days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are accomplished.

Jer. xxv. 34.

2. (Opt.) The separation of light into its different colored rays, arising from their different refrangibilities.

Dispersion of the optic axes (Crystallog.), the separation of the optic axes in biaxial crystals, due to the fact that the axial angle has different values for the different colors of the spectrum.

Dis*pers"ive (?), a. Tending to disperse.

Dispersive power (Opt.), the relative effect of a material in separating the different rays of light by refraction, as when the substance is formed into a prism.

-- Dis*pers"ive*ness, n.

Dis*per"son'*ate (?), v. t. To deprive of personality or individuality. [R.]

We multiply; we dispersonate ourselves.

Hare.

Dis*pir"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispirited; p. pr. & vb. n. Dispiriting.] [Pref. dis- + spirit.] 1. To deprive of cheerful spirits; to depress the spirits of; to dishearten; to discourage.

Not dispirited with my afflictions.

Dryden.

He has dispirited himself by a debauch.

Collier.

2. To distill or infuse the spirit of. [Obs. or R.]

This makes a man master of his learning, and dispirits the book into the scholar.

Fuller.

Syn. -- To dishearten; discourage; deject; damp; depress; cast down; intimidate; daunt; cow.

Dis*pir"it*ed, a. Depressed in spirits; disheartened; daunted. -- Dis*pir"it*ed*ly, adv. -- Dis*pir"it*ed, n.

Dis*pir"it*ment (?), n. Depression of spirits; discouragement. [R.]

Procter, in evident distress and dispiritment, was waiting the slow conclusion of this.

Carlyle.

Dis*pit"e*ous (?), a. [Pref. dis- + piteous. Cf. Despiteous.] Full of despite; cruel; spiteful; pitiless. Spenser. -- Dis*pit"e*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Dis*place" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Displaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Displacing.] [Pref. dis- + place: cf. F. déplacer.] 1. To change the place of; to remove from the usual or proper place; to put out of place; to place in another situation; as, the books in the library are all displaced.

2. To crowd out; to take the place of.

Holland displaced Portugal as the mistress of those seas.

London Times.

3. To remove from a state, office, dignity, or employment; to discharge; to depose; as, to displace an officer of the revenue.

4. To dislodge; to drive away; to banish. [Obs.]

You have displaced the mirth.

Shak.

Syn. -- To disarrange; derange; dismiss; discard.

Dis*place"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being displaced.

Dis*place"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. déplacement.] 1. The act of displacing, or the state of being displaced; a putting out of place.

Unnecessary displacement of funds.

A. Hamilton.

The displacement of the sun by parallax.

Whewell.

2. The quantity of anything, as water, displaced by a floating body, as by a ship, the weight of the displaced liquid being equal to that of the displacing body.

3. (Chem.) The process of extracting soluble substances from organic material and the like, whereby a quantity of saturated solvent is displaced, or removed, for another quantity of the solvent.

Piston displacement (Mech.), the volume of the space swept through, or weight of steam, water, etc., displaced, in a given time, by the piston of a steam engine or pump.

Dis*pla"cen*cy (?), n. [LL. displacentia, for L. displicentia, fr. displicere to displease; dis- + placere to please. See Displease, and cf. Displeasance.] Want of complacency or gratification; envious displeasure; dislike. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Dis*pla"cer (?), n. 1. One that displaces.

2. (Chem.) The funnel part of the apparatus for solution by displacement.

Dis*plant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Di&?;planted; p. pr. & vb. n. Displanting.] [Pref. dis- + plant: cf. OF. desplanter, F. déplanter.] 1. To remove (what is planted or fixed); to unsettle and take away; to displace; to root out; as, to displant inhabitants.

I did not think a look, Or a poor word or two, could have displanted Such a fixed constancy.

Beau. & Fl.

2. To strip of what is planted or settled; as, to displant a country of inhabitants. Spenser.

Dis`plan*ta"tion (?), n. The act of displanting; removal; displacement. Sir W. Raleigh.

Dis*plat" (?), v. t. To untwist; to uncurl; to unplat. [Obs.] Hakewill.

Dis*play" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Displayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Displaying.] [OE. displaien, desplaien, OF. despleier, desploier, F. déployer; pref. des- (L. dis-) + pleier, ploier, plier, F. ployer, plier, to fold, bend, L. plicare. See Ply, and cf. Deploy, Splay.] 1. To unfold; to spread wide; to expand; to stretch out; to spread.

The northern wind his wings did broad display.

Spenser.

2. (Mil.) To extend the front of (a column), bringing it into line. Farrow.

3. To spread before the view; to show; to exhibit to the sight, or to the mind; to make manifest.

His statement . . . displays very clearly the actual condition of the army.

Burke.

4. To make an exhibition of; to set in view conspicuously or ostentatiously; to exhibit for the sake of publicity; to parade.

Proudly displaying the insignia of their order.

Prescott.

5. (Print.) To make conspicuous by large or prominent type.

6. To discover; to descry. [Obs.]

And from his seat took pleasure to display The city so adorned with towers.

Chapman.

Syn. -- To exhibit; show; manifest; spread out; parade; expand; flaunt.

Dis*play", v. i. To make a display; to act as one making a show or demonstration. Shak.

Dis*play", n. 1. An opening or unfolding; exhibition; manifestation.

Having witnessed displays of his power and grace.

Trench.