Chapter 37

Dis*band" (?; see Dis-), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Disbanding.] [Pref. dis- + band: cf. OF. desbander, F. débander, to unbind, unbend. See Band, and cf. Disbend, Disbind.] 1. To loose the bands of; to set free; to disunite; to scatter; to disperse; to break up the organization of; especially, to dismiss from military service; as, to disband an army.

They disbanded themselves and returned, every man to his own dwelling.

Knolles.

2. To divorce. [Obs.]

And therefore . . . she ought to be disbanded.

Milton.

Dis*band", v. i. To become separated, broken up, dissolved, or scattered; especially, to quit military service by breaking up organization.

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When both rocks and all things shall disband.

Herbert.

Human society would in a short space disband.

Tillotson.

Dis*band"ment (?), n. The act of disbanding.

Dis*bar" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disbarring.] (Law) To expel from the bar, or the legal profession; to deprive (an attorney, barrister, or counselor) of his status and privileges as such. Abbott.

Dis*bark" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + bark a small ship: cf. OF. desbarquer, F. débarquer. Cf. Debark, Disembark.] To disembark. Pope.

Dis*bark", v. t. [Pref. dis- + bark rind.] To strip of bark; to bark. [R.] Boyle.

Dis*bar"ment (?), n. Act of disbarring.

Dis*base" (?), v. t. [Cf. Debase.] To debase or degrade. [Obs.]

Nor you nor your house were so much as spoken of before I disbased myself.

B. Jonson.

Dis`be*come" (?), v. t. To misbecome. [Obs.] Massinger.

Dis*be*lief" (?), n. The act of disbelieving;; a state of the mind in which one is fully persuaded that an opinion, assertion, or doctrine is not true; refusal of assent, credit, or credence; denial of belief.

Our belief or disbelief of a thing does not alter the nature of the thing.

Tillotson.

No sadder proof can be given by a man of his own littleness that disbelief in great men.

Carlyle.

Syn. -- Distrust; unbelief; incredulity; doubt; skepticism. -- Disbelief, Unbelief. Unbelief is a mere failure to admit; disbelief is a positive rejection. One may be an unbeliever in Christianity from ignorance or want of inquiry; a unbeliever has the proofs before him, and incurs the guilt of setting them aside. Unbelief is usually open to conviction; disbelief is already convinced as to the falsity of that which it rejects. Men often tell a story in such a manner that we regard everything they say with unbelief. Familiarity with the worst parts of human nature often leads us into a disbelief in many good qualities which really exist among men.

Dis`be*lieve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbelieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disbelieving.] Not to believe; to refuse belief or credence to; to hold not to be true or actual.

Assertions for which there is abundant positive evidence are often disbelieved, on account of what is called their improbability or impossibility.

J. S. Mill.

Dis`be*liev"er (?), n. One who disbelieves, or refuses belief; an unbeliever. Specifically, one who does not believe the Christian religion. I. Watts.

Dis*bench" (?), v. t. 1. To drive from a bench or seat. [R.] Shak.

2. (Eng. Law) To deprive (a bencher) of his privileges. Mozley & W.

Dis*bend (?), v. t. To unbend. [Obs.] Stirling.

Dis*bind" (?), v. t. [Cf. Disband.] To unbind; to loosen. [Obs.] Mede.

Dis*blame" (?), v. t. [OE. desblamen, OF. desblasmer; pref. des- (L. dis-) + blasmer, F. blâmer, to blame.] To clear from blame. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*bod"ied (?), a. Disembodied. [R.]

Dis`bos*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. dis- + F. bosquet grove.] Converting forest land into cleared or arable land; removal of a forest. Sir W. Scott.

Dis*bow"el (?), v. t. [See Bowel, v. t.] To disembowel. [R.] Spenser.

Dis*branch" (?), v. t. [See Branch, v.] To divest of a branch or branches; to tear off. Shak.

Dis*bud" (?), v. t. [See Bud, v.] (Hort.) To deprive of buds or shoots, as for training, or economizing the vital strength of a tree.

Dis*bur"den (?), v. t. [See Burden, v. t.] [Cf. Disburthen.] To rid of a burden; to free from a load borne or from something oppressive; to unload; to disencumber; to relieve.

He did it to disburden a conscience.

Feltham.

My mediations . . . will, I hope, be more calm, being thus disburdened.

Hammond.

Syn. -- To unload; unburden; discharge; free.

Dis*bur"den, v. i. To relieve one's self of a burden; to ease the mind. Milton.

Dis*bur"geon (?), v. t. To strip of burgeons or buds; to disbud. [R.] Holland.

Dis*burse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbursed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disbursing.] [OF. desbourser, F. débourser; pref. des- (L. dis-) + bourse purse. See Burse, and cf. Dispurse.] To pay out; to expend; -- usually from a public fund or treasury.

The duty of collecting and disbursing his revenues.

Macaulay.

Disbursing officer, an officer in any department of the public service who is charged with the duty of paying out public money.

Dis*burse"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. déboursement.] 1. The act of disbursing or paying out.

The disbursement of the public moneys.

U. S. Statutes.

2. That which is disbursed or paid out; as, the annual disbursements exceed the income.

Dis*burs"er (?), n. One who disburses money.

Dis*bur"then (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disburthened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disburthening.] [Cf. Disburden.] To disburden; to relieve of a load. [Archaic]

Disc (?), n. [See Disk, Dish.] A flat round plate; (Biol.) A circular structure either in plants or animals; as, a blood disc, a germinal disc, etc. Same as Disk.

Dis*cage" (?), v. t. To uncage. [R.] Tennyson.

Disc"al (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a disk; as, discal cells.

Dis*cal"ce*ate (?), v. t. [L. discalceatus unshod; dis- + calceus shoe.] To pull off shoes or sandals from. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Dis*cal"ce*at`ed (?), a. Deprived off shoes or sandals; unshod; discalced.

Dis*cal`ce*a"tion (?), n. The act of pulling off the shoes or sandals. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Dis*calced" (?), a. Unshod; barefooted; -- in distinction from calced. "The foundation of houses of discalced friars." Cardinal Manning's St. Teresa.

Dis*camp" (?), v. t. [See Decamp.] To drive from a camp. [Obs.] Holland.

Dis*can"dy (?), v. i. To melt; to dissolve; to thaw. [Obs.]

Dis"cant (?), n. See Descant, n.

Dis*ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. To deprive of capacity; to incapacitate. [R.]

Dis*card" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Discarding.] 1. (Card Playing) To throw out of one's hand, as superfluous cards; to lay aside (a card or cards).

2. To cast off as useless or as no longer of service; to dismiss from employment, confidence, or favor; to discharge; to turn away.

They blame the favorites, and think it nothing extraordinary that the queen should . . . resolve to discard them.

Swift.

3. To put or thrust away; to reject.

A man discards the follies of boyhood.

I. Taylor.

Syn. -- To dismiss; displace; discharge; cashier.

Dis*card", v. i. (Card Playing) To make a discard.

Dis*card", n. (Card Playing) The act of discarding; also, the card or cards discarded.

Dis*car"dure (?; 135), n. Rejection; dismissal. [R.] Hayter.

Dis*car"nate (?), a. [L. dis- + carnatus fleshy, fr. caro, carnis, flesh.] Stripped of flesh. [Obs.] "Discarnate bones." Glanvill.

Dis*case" (?), v. t. To strip; to undress. Shak.

Dis*cede" (?), v. i. [L. discedere; dis- + cedere to yield.] To yield or give up; to depart. [Obs.]

I dare not discede from my copy a tittle.

Fuller.

Dis*cept" (?), v. i. [L. disceptare.] To debate; to discuss. [R.]

One dissertates, he is candid; Two must discept, -- has distinguished.

R. Browning.

Dis`cep*ta"tion (?), n. [L. disceptatio.] Controversy; disputation; discussion. [Archaic]

Verbose janglings and endless disceptations.

Strype.

Dis`cep*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] One who arbitrates or decides. [R.] Cowley.

Dis*cern" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discerned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discerning.] [F. discerner, L. discernere, discretum; dis- + cernere to separate, distinguish. See Certain, and cf. Discreet.] 1. To see and identify by noting a difference or differences; to note the distinctive character of; to discriminate; to distinguish.

To discern such buds as are fit to produce blossoms.

Boyle.

A counterfeit stone which thine eye can not discern from a right stone.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To see by the eye or by the understanding; to perceive and recognize; as, to discern a difference.

And [I] beheld among the simple ones, I discerned among the youths, a young man void of understanding.

Prov. vii. 7.

Our unassisted sight . . . is not acute enough to discern the minute texture of visible objects.

Beattie.

I wake, and I discern the truth.

Tennyson.

Syn. -- To perceive; distinguish; discover; penetrate; discriminate; espy; descry; detect. See Perceive.

Dis*cern", v. i. 1. To see or understand the difference; to make distinction; as, to discern between good and evil, truth and falsehood.

More than sixscore thousand that cannot discern between their right hand their left.

Jonah iv. 11.

2. To make cognizance. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dis*cern"ance (?), n. Discernment. [Obs.]

Dis*cern"er (?), n. One who, or that which, discerns, distinguishes, perceives, or judges; as, a discerner of truth, of right and wrong.

A great observer and discerner of men's natures.

Clarendon.

Dis*cern"i*ble (?), a. [L. discernibilis.] Capable of being discerned by the eye or the understanding; as, a star is discernible by the eye; the identity of difference of ideas is discernible by the understanding.

The effect of the privations and sufferings . . . was discernible to the last in his temper and deportment.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Perceptible; distinguishable; apparent; visible; evident; manifest.

Dis*cern"i*ble*ness, n. The quality of being discernible.

Dis*cern"i*bly, adv. In a manner to be discerned; perceptibly; visibly. Hammond.

Dis*cern"ing, a. Acute; shrewd; sagacious; sharp-sighted. Macaulay.

Dis*cern"ing*ly, adv. In a discerning manner; with judgment; judiciously; acutely. Garth.

Dis*cern"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. discernement.] 1. The act of discerning.

2. The power or faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes one thing from another; power of viewing differences in objects, and their relations and tendencies; penetrative and discriminate mental vision; acuteness; sagacity; insight; as, the errors of youth often proceed from the want of discernment.

Syn. -- Judgment; acuteness; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; insight. -- Discernment, Penetration, Discrimination. Discernment is keenness and accuracy of mental vision; penetration is the power of seeing deeply into a subject in spite of everything that intercepts the view; discrimination is a capacity of tracing out minute distinctions and the nicest shades of thought. A discerning man is not easily misled; one of a penetrating mind sees a multitude of things which escape others; a discriminating judgment detects the slightest differences.

Dis*cerp" (?), v. t. [L. discerpere, discerptum; dis- + carpere to pluck.] 1. To tear in pieces; to rend. [R.] Stukeley.

2. To separate; to disunite. [R.] Bp. Hurd.

{ Dis*cerp`i*bil"i*ty (?), Dis*cerp`ti*bil"i*ty (?) }, n. Capability or liableness to be discerped. [R.] Wollaston.

{ Dis*cerp"i*ble (?), Dis*cerp"ti*ble (?) }, a. [See Discerp.] Capable of being discerped. [R.]

Dis*cerp"tion (?), n. [L. discerptio.] The act of pulling to pieces, or of separating the parts. Bp. Hall.

Dis*cerp"tive (?), a. Tending to separate or disunite parts. Encys. Dict.

Dis*ces"sion (?), n. [L. discessio, fr. discedere, discessum. See Discede.] Departure. [Obs.]

Dis*charge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discharged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discharging.] [OE. deschargen, dischargen, OF. deschargier, F. décharger; pref. des- (L. dis) + chargier, F. charger. See Charge.] 1. To relieve of a charge, load, or burden; to empty of a load or cargo; to unburden; to unload; as, to discharge a vessel.

2. To free of the missile with which anything is charged or loaded; to let go the charge of; as, to discharge a bow, catapult, etc.; especially, said of firearms, -- to fire off; to shoot off; also, to relieve from a state of tension, as a Leyden jar.

The galleys also did oftentimes, out of their prows, discharge their great pieces against the city.

Knolles.

Feeling in other cases discharges itself in indirect muscular actions.

H. Spencer.

3. To of something weighing upon or impeding over one, as a debt, claim, obligation, responsibility, accusation, etc.; to absolve; to acquit; to clear.

Discharged of business, void of strife.

Dryden.

In one man's fault discharge another man of his duty.

L'Estrange.

4. To relieve of an office or employment; to send away from service; to dismiss.

Discharge the common sort With pay and thanks.

Shak.

Grindal . . . was discharged the government of his see.

Milton.

5. To release legally from confinement; to set at liberty; as, to discharge a prisoner.

6. To put forth, or remove, as a charge or burden; to take out, as that with which anything is loaded or filled; as, to discharge a cargo.

7. To let fly, as a missile; to shoot.

They do discharge their shot of courtesy.

Shak.

8. To set aside; to annul; to dismiss.

We say such an order was "discharged on appeal."

Mozley & W.

The order for Daly's attendance was discharged.

Macaulay.

9. To throw off the obligation of, as a duty or debt; to relieve one's self of, by fulfilling conditions, performing duty, trust, and the like; hence, to perform or execute, as an office, or part.

Had I a hundred tongues, a wit so large As could their hundred offices discharge.

Dryden.

10. To send away (a creditor) satisfied by payment; to pay one's debt or obligation to. [Obs.]

If he had The present money to discharge the Jew.

Shak.

11. To give forth; to emit or send out; as, a pipe discharges water; to let fly; to give expression to; to utter; as, to discharge a horrible oath.

12. To prohibit; to forbid. [Scot. Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

Discharging arch (Arch.), an arch over a door, window, or other opening, to distribute the pressure of the wall above. See Illust. of Lintel. -- Discharging piece, Discharging strut (Arch.), a piece set to carry thrust or weight to a solid point of support. -- Discharging rod (Elec.), a bent wire, with knobs at both ends, and insulated by a glass handle. It is employed for discharging a Leyden jar or an electrical battery. See Discharger.

Syn. -- See Deliver.

Dis*charge", v. i. To throw off or deliver a load, charge, or burden; to unload; to emit or give vent to fluid or other contents; as, the water pipe discharges freely.

The cloud, if it were oily or fatty, would not discharge.

Bacon.

Dis*charge", n. [Cf. F. décharge. See Discharge, v. t.] 1. The act of discharging; the act of relieving of a charge or load; removal of a load or burden; unloading; as, the discharge of a ship; discharge of a cargo.

2. Firing off; explosive removal of a charge; explosion; letting off; as, a discharge of arrows, of artillery.

3. Act of relieving of something which oppresses or weighs upon one, as an obligation, liability, debt, accusation, etc.; acquittance; as, the discharge of a debtor.

4. Act of removing, or getting rid of, an obligation, liability, etc.; fulfillment, as by the payment of a debt, or the performance of a trust or duty.

Indefatigable in the discharge of business.

Motley.

Nothing can absolve us from the discharge of those duties.

L'Estrange.

5. Release or dismissal from an office, employment, etc.; dismission; as, the discharge of a workman by his employer.

6. Legal release from confinement; liberation; as, the discharge of a prisoner.

7. The state of being discharged or relieved of a debt, obligation, office, and the like; acquittal.

Too secure of our discharge From penalty.

Milton.

8. That which discharges or releases from an obligation, liability, penalty, etc., as a price of ransom, a legal document.

Death, who sets all free, Hath paid his ransom now and full discharge.

Milton.

9. A flowing or issuing out; emission; vent; evacuation; also, that which is discharged or emitted; as, a rapid discharge of water from the pipe.

The hemorrhage being stopped, the next occurrence is a thin serous discharge.

S. Sharp.

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Charge and discharge. (Equity Practice) See under Charge, n. -- Paralytic discharge (Physiol.), the increased secretion from a gland resulting from the cutting of all of its nerves.

Dis*char"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, discharges. Specifically, in electricity, an instrument for discharging a Leyden jar, or electrical battery, by making a connection between the two surfaces; a discharging rod.

Dis*chev"ele (?), a. Disheveled. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*church" (?), v. t. To deprive of status as a church, or of membership in a church. Bp. Hall.

Dis*cide" (?), v. t. [L. discidere; dis- + caedere to cut.] To divide; to cleave in two. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis*cif"er*ous (?), a. [Disc- + -ferous.] Bearing disks.

{ Dis`ci*flo"ral (?), Dis`ci*flo"rous (?), } a. [See Disk, and Floral.] (Bot.) Bearing the stamens on a discoid outgrowth of the receptacle; -- said of a subclass of plants. Cf. Calycifloral.

Dis"ci*form (?), a. Discoid.

||Dis*ci"na (?), n. [NL., fr. L. discus disk, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) A genus of Branchiopoda, having a disklike shell, attached by one valve, which is perforated by the peduncle.

Dis*cinct (?), a. [L. discinctus, p. p. of discingere to ungird; dis- + cingere to gird.] Ungirded; loosely dressed. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Dis*cind" (?), v. t. [L. discindere; dis- + scindere to cut, split.] To part; to divide. [Obs.] Boyle.

Dis*ci"ple (?), n. [OE. disciple, deciple, OF. disciple, fr. L. discipulus, fr. discere to learn (akin to docere to teach; see Docile) + prob. a root meaning to turn or drive, as in L. pellere to drive (see Pulse).] One who receives instruction from another; a scholar; a learner; especially, a follower who has learned to believe in the truth of the doctrine of his teacher; an adherent in doctrine; as, the disciples of Plato; the disciples of our Savior.

The disciples, or The twelve disciples, the twelve selected companions of Jesus; -- also called the apostles. -- Disciples of Christ. See Christian, n., 3, and Campbellite.

Syn. -- Learner; scholar; pupil; follower; adherent.

Dis*ci"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discipled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discipling.] 1. To teach; to train. [Obs.]

That better were in virtues discipled.

Spenser.

2. To punish; to discipline. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or principles. [R.]

Sending missionaries to disciple all nations.

E. D. Griffin.

Dis*ci"ple*ship, n. The state of being a disciple or follower in doctrines and precepts. Jer. Taylor.

Dis*ci"pless (?), n. A female disciple. [Obs.]

Dis"ci*plin*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. disciplinable. See Discipline.] 1. Capable of being disciplined or improved by instruction and training.

2. Liable or deserving to be disciplined; subject to disciplinary punishment; as, a disciplinable offense.

Dis"ci*plin*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being improvable by discipline. Sir M. Hale.

Dis"ci*plin*al (?), a. Relating to discipline. Latham.

Dis"ci*plin*ant (?), n. [See Discipline.] (Eccl. Hist.) A flagellant. See Flagellant.

Dis`ci*plin*a"ri*an (?), a. Pertaining to discipline. "Displinarian system." Milman.

Dis`ci*plin*a"ri*an, n. 1. One who disciplines; one who excels in training, especially with training, especially with regard to order and obedience; one who enforces rigid discipline; a stickler for the observance of rules and methods of training; as, he is a better disciplinarian than scholar.

2. A Puritan or Presbyterian; -- because of rigid adherence to religious or church discipline. [Obs.]

Dis"ci*plin*a*ry (?), a. [LL. disciplinarius flogging: cf. F. disciplinaire.] Pertaining to discipline; intended for discipline; corrective; belonging to a course of training.

Those canons . . . were only disciplinary.

Bp. Ferne.

The evils of the . . . are disciplinary and remedial.

Buckminster.

Dis`ci*pline (?), n. [F. discipline, L. disciplina, from discipulus. See Disciple.] 1. The treatment suited to a disciple or learner; education; development of the faculties by instruction and exercise; training, whether physical, mental, or moral.

Wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity.

Bacon.

Discipline aims at the removal of bad habits and the substitution of good ones, especially those of order, regularity, and obedience.

C. J. Smith.

2. Training to act in accordance with established rules; accustoming to systematic and regular action; drill.

Their wildness lose, and, quitting nature's part, Obey the rules and discipline of art.

Dryden.

3. Subjection to rule; submissiveness to order and control; habit of obedience.

The most perfect, who have their passions in the best discipline, are yet obliged to be constantly on their guard.

Rogers.

4. Severe training, corrective of faults; instruction by means of misfortune, suffering, punishment, etc.

A sharp discipline of half a century had sufficed to educate us.

Macaulay.

5. Correction; chastisement; punishment inflicted by way of correction and training.

Giving her the discipline of the strap.

Addison.

6. The subject matter of instruction; a branch of knowledge. Bp. Wilkins.

7. (Eccl.) The enforcement of methods of correction against one guilty of ecclesiastical offenses; reformatory or penal action toward a church member.

8. (R. C. Ch.) Self-inflicted and voluntary corporal punishment, as penance, or otherwise; specifically, a penitential scourge.

9. (Eccl.) A system of essential rules and duties; as, the Romish or Anglican discipline.

Syn. -- Education; instruction; training; culture; correction; chastisement; punishment.

Dis"ci*pline (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disciplined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disciplining.] [Cf. LL. disciplinarian to flog, fr. L. disciplina discipline, and F. discipliner to discipline.] 1. To educate; to develop by instruction and exercise; to train.

2. To accustom to regular and systematic action; to bring under control so as to act systematically; to train to act together under orders; to teach subordination to; to form a habit of obedience in; to drill.

Ill armed, and worse disciplined.

Clarendon.

His mind . . . imperfectly disciplined by nature.

Macaulay.

3. To improve by corrective and penal methods; to chastise; to correct.

Has he disciplined Aufidius soundly?

Shak.

4. To inflict ecclesiastical censures and penalties upon.

Syn. -- To train; form; teach; instruct; bring up; regulate; correct; chasten; chastise; punish.

Dis"ci*plin*er (?), n. One who disciplines.

Dis*claim" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disclaiming.] 1. To renounce all claim to deny; ownership of, or responsibility for; to disown; to disavow; to reject.

He calls the gods to witness their offense; Disclaims the war, asserts his innocence.

Dryden.

He disclaims the authority of Jesus.

Farmer.

2. To deny, as a claim; to refuse.

The payment was irregularly made, if not disclaimed.

Milman.

3. (Law) To relinquish or deny having a claim; to disavow another's claim; to decline accepting, as an estate, interest, or office. Burrill.

Syn. -- To disown; disavow; renounce; repudiate.

Dis*claim", v. t. To disavow or renounce all part, claim, or share. Blackstone.

Disclaim in, Disclaim from, to disown; to disavow. [Obs.] "Nature disclaims in thee." Shak.

Dis*claim"er (?), n. 1. One who disclaims, disowns, or renounces.

2. (Law) A denial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title, claim, interest, estate, or trust; relinquishment or waiver of an interest or estate. Burrill.

3. A public disavowal, as of pretensions, claims, opinions, and the like. Burke.

Dis`cla*ma"tion (?), n. A disavowing or disowning. Bp. Hall.

Dis*clame" (?), v. t. To disclaim; to expel. [Obs.] "Money did love disclame." Spenser.