Chapter 35

Dip`lo*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; double + the root of &?; to produce.] Partaking of the nature of two bodies; producing two substances. Wright.

Di*plo"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the diploë.

Dip"loid (?), n. [Gr. &?; twofold + -oid.] (Crystallog.) A solid bounded by twenty- four similar quadrilateral faces. It is a hemihedral form of the hexoctahedron.

Di*plo"ma (?), n.; pl. Diplomas (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to double, fr. &?; twofold. See Double.] A letter or writing, usually under seal, conferring some privilege, honor, or power; a document bearing record of a degree conferred by a literary society or educational institution.

Di*plo"ma*cy (?), n. [F. diplomatie. This word, like supremacy, retains the accent of its original. See Diploma.] 1. The art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations (particularly in securing treaties), including the methods and forms usually employed.

2. Dexterity or skill in securing advantages; tact.

3. The body of ministers or envoys resident at a court; the diplomatic body. [R.] Burke.

{ Dip"lo*mat (?), Dip"lo*mate (?) }, n. [F. diplomate.] A diplomatist.

Dip"lo*mate (?), v. t. To invest with a title or privilege by diploma. [R.] Wood.

Dip`lo*ma"tial (?), a. Diplomatic. [R.]

{ Dip`lo*mat"ic (?), Dip`lo*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. diplomatique.] 1. Pertaining to diplomacy; relating to the foreign ministers at a court, who are called the diplomatic body.

2. Characterized by tact and shrewdness; dexterous; artful; as, diplomatic management.

3. Pertaining to diplomatics; paleographic. Astle.

Dip`lo*mat"ic, n. A minister, official agent, or envoy to a foreign court; a diplomatist.

Dip`lo*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. According to the rules of diplomacy; in the manner of a diplomatist; artfully.

Dip`lo*mat"ics (?), n. The science of diplomas, or the art of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their age, authenticity, etc.; paleography.

Di*plo"ma*tism (?), n. Diplomacy. [R.]

Di*plo"ma*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. diplomatiste a student of diplomatics.] A person employed in, or skilled in, diplomacy; a diplomat.

In ability, Avaux had no superior among the numerous able diplomatists whom his country then possessed.

Macaulay.

{ ||Di*plo"pi*a (?), Dip"lo*py (?), } n. [NL. diplopia, from Gr. &?; double + the root of &?; sight: cf. F. diplopie.] (Med.) The act or state of seeing double.

In crossed or heteronymous diplopia the image seen by the right eye is upon the left hand, and that seen by the left eye is upon the right hand. In homonymous diplopia the image seen by the right eye is on the right side, that by the left eye on the left side. In vertical diplopia one image stands above the other.

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Dip"lo*pod (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Diplopoda.

||Di*plop"o*da (?), n. pl. [Gr. &?; double + -poda.] (Zoöl.) An order of myriapods having two pairs of legs on each segment; the Chilognatha.

Dip`lo*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; double + &?; the warp, a thread.] (Bot.) Having twice as many stamens as petals, as the geranium. R. Brown.

Dip`lo*stem"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being diplostemonous.

||Dip*neu"mo*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; = &?; lung.] (Zoöl.) A group of spiders having only two lunglike organs. [Written also Dipneumones.]

||Dip"no*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; &?; with two breathing apertures; di- = di`s- twice + &?; breath.] (Zoöl.) A group of ganoid fishes, including the living genera Ceratodus and Lepidosiren, which present the closest approximation to the Amphibia. The air bladder acts as a lung, and the nostrils open inside the mouth. See Ceratodus, and Illustration in Appendix.

Dip"o*dy (?), n.; pl. Dipodies (#). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; two-footed; di- = di`s- twice + &?;, &?;, foot.] (Pros.) Two metrical feet taken together, or included in one measure. Hadley.

Trochaic, iambic, and anapestic verses . . . are measured by dipodies.

W. W. Goodwin.

Di*po"lar (?), a. [Pre. di- + polar. Cf. Bipolar.] Having two poles, as a magnetic bar.

Dip"pel's oil` (?). (Chem.) [From the name of the inventor.] See Bone oil, under Bone.

Dip"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, dips; especially, a vessel used to dip water or other liquid; a ladle.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A small grebe; the dabchick. (b) The buffel duck. (c) The water ouzel (Cinolus aquaticus) of Europe. (d) The American dipper or ouzel (Cinclus Mexicanus).

The Dipper (Astron.), the seven principal stars in the constellation of the Great Bear; popularly so called from their arrangement in the form of a dipper; -- called also Charles's Wain. See Ursa Major, under Ursa.

Dip"ping, n. 1. The act or process of immersing.

2. The act of inclining downward.

3. The act of lifting or moving a liquid with a dipper, ladle, or the like.

4. The process of cleaning or brightening sheet metal or metalware, esp. brass, by dipping it in acids, etc.

5. The practice of taking snuff by rubbing the teeth or gums with a stick or brush dipped in snuff. [U.S.]

Dipping needle, a magnetic needle suspended at its center of gravity, and moving freely in a vertical plane, so as to indicate on a graduated circle the magnetic dip or inclination.

Di`pris*mat"ic (?), a. [Prefix di- + prismatic.] Doubly prismatic.

Di`pro*par"gyl (?), n. [Prefix di- + propargyl.] (Chem.) A pungent, mobile, volatile liquid, C6H6, produced artificially from certain allyl derivatives. Though isomeric with benzine, it is very different in its chemical relations. Called also dipropinyl.

Di*pro"pyl (?), n. [Pref. di- + propyl.] (Chem.) One of the hexane paraffins, found in petroleum, consisting of two propyl radicals. See Hexane.

||Di*pro"to*don (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; first + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, tooth.] (Paleon.) An extinct Quaternary marsupial from Australia, about as large as the hippopotamus; -- so named because of its two large front teeth. See Illustration in Appendix.

Dip"sas (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; thirst.] 1. A serpent whose bite was fabled to produce intense thirst. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of harmless colubrine snakes.

Dip*set"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Tending to produce thirst. Wright.

Dip`so*ma"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thirst + &?; mania.] (Med.) A morbid an uncontrollable craving (often periodic) for drink, esp. for alcoholic liquors; also improperly used to denote acute and chronic alcoholism.

Dip`so*ma"ni*ac (?), n. One who has an irrepressible desire for alcoholic drinks.

Dip`so*ma*ni"a*cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to dipsomania.

||Dip*so"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thirst.] (Med.) Excessive thirst produced by disease.

||Dip"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; with two wings, di- = di`s- twice + &?; feather, wing: cf. F. diptère.] (Zoöl.) An extensive order of insects having only two functional wings and two balancers, as the house fly, mosquito, etc. They have a suctorial proboscis, often including two pairs of sharp organs (mandibles and maxillæ) with which they pierce the skin of animals. They undergo a complete metamorphosis, their larvæ (called maggots) being usually without feet.

Dip"ter*al (?), a. 1. (Zoöl.) Having two wings only; belonging to the order Diptera.

2. (Anc. Arch.) Having a double row of columns on each on the flanks, as well as in front and rear; -- said of a temple.

Dip"ter*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) An insect of the order Diptera.

||Dip`te*ro*car"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; with two wings + &?; fruit.] (Bot.) A genus of trees found in the East Indies, some species of which produce a fragrant resin, other species wood oil. The fruit has two long wings.

Dip"ter*ous (?), a. 1. (Zoöl.) Having two wings, as certain insects; belonging to the order Diptera.

2. (Bot.) Having two wings; two- winged.

Dip`ter*yg"i*an (?), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; a fin, dim. of &?; wing.] (Zoöl.) Having two dorsal fins; -- said of certain fishes.

Dip"tote (?), n. [Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; falling, fr. &?; to fall: cf. F. diptote.] (Gram.) A noun which has only two cases. Andrews.

Dip"tych (?), n. [L. diptycha, pl., fr. Gr. &?; folded, doubled; di- = di`s- twice + &?; to fold, double up.] 1. Anything consisting of two leaves. Especially: (a) (Roman Antiq.) A writing tablet consisting of two leaves of rigid material connected by hinges and shutting together so as to protect the writing within. (b) A picture or series of pictures painted on two tablets connected by hinges. See Triptych.

2. A double catalogue, containing in one part the names of living, and in the other of deceased, ecclesiastics and benefactors of the church; a catalogue of saints.

Di*pyre" (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice fire.] (Min.) A mineral of the scapolite group; -- so called from the double effect of fire upon it, in fusing it, and rendering it phosphorescent.

Di`py*re"nous (?), a. [Pref. di- + pyrene.] (Bot.) Containing two stones or nutlets.

Di*pyr"i*dine (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + pyridine.] (Geom.) A polymeric form of pyridine, C10H10N2, obtained as a colorless oil by the action of sodium on pyridine.

Di*pyr"i*dyl (?), n. [Pref. di- + pyridine + -yl.] (Chem.) A crystalline nitrogenous base, C10H8N2, obtained by the reduction of pyridine.

Di*ra`di*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. di- + radiation.] The emission and diffusion of rays of light.

Dire (dr), a. [Compar. Direr (?); superl. Direst.] [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.] 1. Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens.

2. Evil in great degree; dreadful; dismal; horrible; terrible; lamentable.

Dire was the tossing, deep the groans.

Milton.

Gorgons and hydras and chimeras dire.

Milton.

Di*rect" (?), a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F. direct. See Dress, and cf. Dirge.] 1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means.

What is direct to, what slides by, the question.

Locke.

2. Straightforward; not of crooked ways, or swerving from truth and openness; sincere; outspoken.

Be even and direct with me.

Shak.

3. Immediate; express; plain; unambiguous.

He nowhere, that I know, says it in direct words.

Locke.

A direct and avowed interference with elections.

Hallam.

4. In the line of descent; not collateral; as, a descendant in the direct line.

5. (Astron.) In the direction of the general planetary motion, or from west to east; in the order of the signs; not retrograde; -- said of the motion of a celestial body.

Direct action. (Mach.) See Direct- acting. -- Direct discourse (Gram.), the language of any one quoted without change in its form; as, he said "I can not come;" -- correlative to indirect discourse, in which there is change of form; as, he said that he could not come. They are often called respectively by their Latin names, oratio directa, and oratio obliqua. -- Direct evidence (Law), evidence which is positive or not inferential; -- opposed to circumstantial, or indirect, evidence. -- This distinction, however, is merely formal, since there is no direct evidence that is not circumstantial, or dependent on circumstances for its credibility. Wharton. -- Direct examination (Law), the first examination of a witness in the orderly course, upon the merits. Abbott. -- Direct fire (Mil.), fire, the direction of which is perpendicular to the line of troops or to the parapet aimed at. -- Direct process (Metal.), one which yields metal in working condition by a single process from the ore. Knight. -- Direct tax, a tax assessed directly on lands, etc., and polls, distinguished from taxes on merchandise, or customs, and from excise.

Di*rect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Directed; p. pr. & vb. n. Directing.] 1. To arrange in a direct or straight line, as against a mark, or towards a goal; to point; to aim; as, to direct an arrow or a piece of ordnance.

2. To point out or show to (any one), as the direct or right course or way; to guide, as by pointing out the way; as, he directed me to the left-hand road.

The Lord direct your into the love of God.

2 Thess. iii. 5.

The next points to which I will direct your attention.

Lubbock.

3. To determine the direction or course of; to cause to go on in a particular manner; to order in the way to a certain end; to regulate; to govern; as, to direct the affairs of a nation or the movements of an army.

I will direct their work in truth.

Is. lxi. 8.

4. To point out to with authority; to instruct as a superior; to order; as, he directed them to go.

I 'll first direct my men what they shall do.

Shak.

5. To put a direction or address upon; to mark with the name and residence of the person to whom anything is sent; to superscribe; as, to direct a letter.

Syn. -- To guide; lead; conduct; dispose; manage; regulate; order; instruct; command.

Di*rect" (?), v. i. To give direction; to point out a course; to act as guide.

Wisdom is profitable to direct.

Eccl. x. 10.

Di*rect", n. (Mus.) A character, thus [&?;], placed at the end of a staff on the line or space of the first note of the next staff, to apprise the performer of its situation. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Di*rect"-act`ing (?), a. (Mach.) Acting directly, as one part upon another, without the intervention of other working parts.

Direct-acting steam engine, one in which motion is transmitted to the crank without the intervention of a beam or lever; -- also called direct-action steam engine. -- Direct-acting steam pump, one in which the steam piston rod is directly connected with the pump rod; -- also called direct-action steam pump.

Di*rect"er (?), n. One who directs; a director.

Directer plane (Geom.), the plane to which all right-lined elements in a warped surface are parallel.

Di*rec"tion (?), n. [L. directio: cf. F. direction.] 1. The act of directing, of aiming, regulating, guiding, or ordering; guidance; management; superintendence; administration; as, the direction o&?; public affairs or of a bank.

I do commit his youth To your direction.

Shak.

All nature is but art, unknown to thee; ll chance, direction, which thou canst not see.

Pope.

2. That which is imposed by directing; a guiding or authoritative instruction; prescription; order; command; as, he grave directions to the servants.

The princes digged the well . . . by the direction of the law giver.

Numb. xxi. 18.

3. The name and residence of a person to whom any thing is sent, written upon the thing sent; superscription; address; as, the direction of a letter.

4. The line or course upon which anything is moving or aimed to move, or in which anything is lying or pointing; aim; line or point of tendency; direct line or course; as, the ship sailed in a southeasterly direction.

5. The body of managers of a corporation or enterprise; board of directors.

6. (Gun.) The pointing of a piece with reference to an imaginary vertical axis; -- distinguished from elevation. The direction is given when the plane of sight passes through the object. Wilhelm.

Syn. -- Administration; guidance; management; superintendence; oversight; government; order; command; guide; clew. Direction, Control, Command, Order. These words, as here compared, have reference to the exercise of power over the actions of others. Control is negative, denoting power to restrain; command is positive, implying a right to enforce obedience; directions are commands containing instructions how to act. Order conveys more prominently the idea of authority than the word direction. A shipmaster has the command of his vessel; he gives orders or directions to the seamen as to the mode of sailing it; and exercises a due control over the passengers.

Di*rect"ive (?), a. [LL. directivus: cf. F. directif.] 1. Having power to direct; tending to direct, guide, or govern; showing the way. Hooker.

The precepts directive of our practice in relation to God.

Barrow.

2. Able to be directed; manageable. [Obs.]

Swords and bows Directive by the limbs.

Shak.

Di*rect"ly, adv. 1. In a direct manner; in a straight line or course. "To run directly on." Shak.

Indirectly and directly too Thou hast contrived against the very life Of the defendant.

Shak.

2. In a straightforward way; without anything intervening; not by secondary, but by direct, means.

3. Without circumlocution or ambiguity; absolutely; in express terms.

No man hath hitherto been so impious as plainly and directly to condemn prayer.

Hooker.

4. Exactly; just.

Stand you directly in Antonius' way.

Shak.

5. Straightforwardly; honestly.

I have dealt most directly in thy affair.

Shak.

6. Manifestly; openly. [Obs.]

Desdemona is directly in love with him.

Shak.

7. Straightway; next in order; without delay; immediately. "Will she go now to bed?' &?;Directly.'" Shak.

8. Immediately after; as soon as.

Directly he stopped, the coffin was removed.

Dickens.

This use of the word is common in England, especially in colloquial speech, but it can hardly be regarded as a well-sanctioned or desirable use.

Directly proportional (Math.), proportional in the order of the terms; increasing or decreasing together, and with a constant ratio; -- opposed to inversely proportional.

Syn. -- Immediately; forthwith; straightway; instantly; instantaneously; soon; promptly; openly; expressly. -- Directly, Immediately, Instantly, Instantaneously. Directly denotes, without any delay or diversion of attention; immediately implies, without any interposition of other occupation; instantly implies, without any intervention of time. Hence, "I will do it directly," means, "I will go straightway about it." "I will do it immediately," means, "I will do it as the very next thing." "I will do it instantly," allows not a particle of delay. Instantaneously, like instantly, marks an interval too small to be appreciable, but commonly relates to physical causes; as, the powder touched by fire instantaneously exploded.

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Di*rect"ness (?), n. The quality of being direct; straightness; straightforwardness; immediateness.

Di*rect"or (?), n. [Cf. F. directeur.] 1. One who, or that which, directs; one who regulates, guides, or orders; a manager or superintendent.

In all affairs thou sole director.

Swift.

2. One of a body of persons appointed to manage the affairs of a company or corporation; as, the directors of a bank, insurance company, or railroad company.

What made directors cheat in South-Sea year?

Pope.

3. (Mech.) A part of a machine or instrument which directs its motion or action.

4. (Surg.) A slender grooved instrument upon which a knife is made to slide when it is wished to limit the extent of motion of the latter, or prevent its injuring the parts beneath.

Di*rect"o*rate (?), n. [Cf. F. directorat.] The office of director; also, a body of directors taken jointly.

Di*rec*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. directorial.] 1. Having the quality of a director, or authoritative guide; directive.

2. Pertaining to: director or directory; specifically, relating to the Directory of France under the first republic. See Directory, 3.

Whoever goes to the directorial presence under this passport.

Burke.

Di*rect"or*ship (?), n. The condition or office of a director; directorate.

Di*rect"o*ry (?), a. [L. directorius.] Containing directions; enjoining; instructing; directorial.

Di*rect"o*ry, n.; pl. Directories (&?;). 1. A collection or body of directions, rules, or ordinances; esp., a book of directions for the conduct of worship; as, the Directory used by the nonconformists instead of the Prayer Book.

2. A book containing the names and residences of the inhabitants of any place, or of classes of them; an address book; as, a business directory.

3. [Cf. F. directoire.] A body of directors; board of management; especially, a committee which held executive power in France under the first republic.

4. Direction; guide. [R.] Whitlock.

Di*rect"ress, n. A woman who directs. Bp. Hurd.

Di*rect"rix (?), n.; pl. E. Directrixes (&?;), L. Directrices (&?;). 1. A directress. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

2. (Geom.) (a) A line along which a point in another line moves, or which in any way governs the motion of the point and determines the position of the curve generated by it; the line along which the generatrix moves in generating a surface. (b) A straight line so situated with respect to a conic section that the distance of any point of the curve from it has a constant ratio to the distance of the same point from the focus.

Dire"ful (?), a. [Dire + - ful.] Dire; dreadful; terrible; calamitous; woeful; as, a direful fiend; a direful day. -- Dire"ful*ly, adv. -- Dire"ful*ness, n.

Dire"ly, adv. In a dire manner. Drayton.

Di*rempt" (?; 215), a. [L. diremptus, p. p. of dirimere to take apart, separate; di- = dis- + emere to buy, orig., to take.] Divided; separated. [Obs.] Stow.

Di*rempt", v. t. To separate by force; to tear apart. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Di*remp"tion (?), n. [L. diremptio.] A tearing apart; violent separation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Dire"ness (?), n. [Dire- + - ness.] Terribleness; horror; woefulness. Shak.

Di*rep"tion (?), n. [L. direptio, fr. diripere to tear asunder, plunder; di- = dis- + rapere to seize and carry off.] The act of plundering, despoiling, or snatching away. [R.] Speed.

Di*rep*ti"tious (?), a. Characterized by direption. [R.] Encyc. Dict.

Di*rep*ti"tious*ly, adv. With plundering violence; by violent injustice. [R.] Strype.

Dirge (?), n. [Contraction of Lat. dirige, direct thou (imperative of dirigere), the first word of a funeral hymn (Lat. transl. of Psalm v. 8) beginning, "Dirige, Domine, in conspectu tuo vitam meam." See Direct, a., and cf. Dirige.] A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; a funeral hymn.

The raven croaked, and hollow shrieks of owls Sung dirges at her funeral.

Ford.

Dirge"ful (?), a. Funereal; moaning.

Soothed sadly by the dirgeful wind.

Coleridge.

Dir"i*ge (?), n. [L. See Dirge.] A service for the dead, in the Roman Catholic Church, being the first antiphon of Matins for the dead, of which Dirige is the first word; a dirge.

Evensongs and placebo and dirige.

Wyclif.

Resort, I pray you, unto my sepulture To sing my dirige with great devotion.

Lamentation of Mary Magdalene.

Dir"i*gent (?), a. [L. dirigens, p. pr. of dirigere. See Direct, a.] Directing. Baxter.

Dir"i*gent, n. (Geom.) The line of motion along which a describent line or surface is carried in the genesis of any plane or solid figure; a directrix. Hutton.

Dir"i*gi*ble (?), a. Capable of being directed; steerable; as, a dirigible balloon.

Dir"i*ment (?), a. [L. dirimens, p. pr. of dirimere. See Dirempt.] (Law) Absolute.

Diriment impediment (R. C. Ch.), an impediment that nullifies marriage.

Dirk (?), n. [Ir. duirc.] A kind of dagger or poniard; -- formerly much used by the Scottish Highlander.

Dirk knife, a clasp knife having a large, dirklike blade.

Dirk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dirked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dirking.] To stab with a dirk. Sir W. Scott.

Dirk, a. [See Dark, a.] Dark. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dirk, v. t. To darken. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dirk"ness, n. Darkness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dirl (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. Drill, Thrill.] To thrill; to vibrate; to penetrate. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Dirt (?), n. [OE. drit; kin to Icel. drit excrement, drta to dung, OD. drijten to dung, AS. gedrtan.] 1. Any foul of filthy substance, as excrement, mud, dust, etc.; whatever, adhering to anything, renders it foul or unclean; earth; as, a wagonload of dirt.

Whose waters cast up mire and dirt.

Is. lvii. 20.

2. Meanness; sordidness.

Honors . . . thrown away upon dirt and infamy.

Melmoth.

3. In placer mining, earth, gravel, etc., before washing.

Dirt bed (Geom.), a layer of clayey earth forming a stratum in a geological formation. Dirt beds are common among the coal measures. -- Dirt eating. (a) The use of certain kinds of clay for food, existing among some tribes of Indians; geophagism. Humboldt. (b) (Med.) Same as Chthonophagia. -- Dirt pie, clay or mud molded by children in imitation of pastry. Otway (1684). -- To eat dirt, to submit in a meanly humble manner to insults; to eat humble pie.