Chapter 26

De*throne"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. détrônement.] Deposal from a throne; deposition from regal power.

De*thron"er (?), n. One who dethrones.

De*thron`i*za"tion (?), n. Dethronement. [Obs.] Speed.

De*thron"ize (?), v. t. [Cf. LL. dethronizare.] To dethrone or unthrone. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Det"i*nue (?; 277), n. [OF. detinu, detenu, p. p. of detenir to detain. See Detain.] A person or thing detained; (Law) A form of action for the recovery of a personal chattel wrongfully detained.

Writ of detinue (Law), one that lies against him who wrongfully detains goods or chattels delivered to him, or in possession, to recover the thing itself, or its value and damages, from the detainer. It is now in a great measure superseded by other remedies.

Det"o*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Detonated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Detonating (?).] [L. detonare, v. i., to thunder down; de + tonare to thunder; akin to E. thunder. See Thunder, and cf. Detonize.] To explode with a sudden report; as, niter detonates with sulphur.

Det"o*nate, v. t. To cause to explode; to cause to burn or inflame with a sudden report.

Det"o*na`ting, a. & n. from Detonate.

Detonating gas, a mixture of two volumes of hydrogen with one volume of oxygen, which explodes with a loud report upon ignition. -- Detonating powder, any powder or solid substance, as fulminate of mercury, which when struck, explodes with violence and a loud report. -- Detonating primer, a primer exploded by a fuse; -- used to explode gun cotton in blasting operations. -- Detonating tube, a strong tube of glass, usually graduated, closed at one end, and furnished with two wires passing through its sides at opposite points, and nearly meeting, for the purpose of exploding gaseous mixtures by an electric spark, as in gas analysis, etc.

Det`o*na"tion (-n"shn), n. [Cf. F. détonation.] An explosion or sudden report made by the instantaneous decomposition or combustion of unstable substances; as, the detonation of gun cotton.

Det"o*na`tor (dt"*n`tr), n. One who, or that which, detonates.

Det`o*ni*za"tion (dt`*n*z"shn), n. The act of detonizing; detonation.

Det"o*nize (dt"*nz), v. t. & i. [See Detonate.] [imp. & p. p.Detonized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Detonizing.] To explode, or cause to explode; to burn with an explosion; to detonate.

De*tor"sion (?), n. Same as Detortion.

De*tort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Detorting.] [L. detortus, p. p. of detorquere to turn away; de + torquere to turn about, twist: cf. F. détorquer, détordre.] To turn form the original or plain meaning; to pervert; to wrest. Hammond.

De*tor"tion (?), n. The act of detorting, or the state of being detorted; a twisting or warping.

De`tour" (?), n. [F. détour, fr. détourner to turn aside; pref. dé- (L. dis-) + tourner to turn. See Turn.] A turning; a circuitous route; a deviation from a direct course; as, the detours of the Mississippi.

De*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Detracting.] [L. detractus, p. p. of detrahere to detract; de + trahere to draw: cf. F. détracter. See Trace.] 1. To take away; to withdraw.

Detract much from the view of the without.

Sir H. Wotton.

2. To take credit or reputation from; to defame.

That calumnious critic . . . Detracting what laboriously we do.

Drayton.

Syn. -- To derogate; decry; disparage; depreciate; asperse; vilify; defame; traduce. See Decry.

De*tract", v. i. To take away a part or something, especially from one's credit; to lessen reputation; to derogate; to defame; -- often with from.

It has been the fashion to detract both from the moral and literary character of Cicero.

V. Knox.

De*tract"er (?), n. One who detracts; a detractor.

Other detracters and malicious writers.

Sir T. North.

De*tract"ing*ly, adv. In a detracting manner.

De*trac"tion (?), n. [F. détraction, L. detractio.] 1. A taking away or withdrawing. [Obs.]

The detraction of the eggs of the said wild fowl.

Bacon.

2. The act of taking away from the reputation or good name of another; a lessening or cheapening in the estimation of others; the act of depreciating another, from envy or malice; calumny.

Syn. -- Depreciation; disparagement; derogation; slander; calumny; aspersion; censure.

De*trac"tious (?), a. Containing detraction; detractory. [R.] Johnson.

De*tract"ive (?), a. 1. Tending to detract or draw. [R.]

2. Tending to lower in estimation; depreciative.

De*tract"ive*ness, n. The quality of being detractive.

De*tract"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. détracteur.] One who detracts; a derogator; a defamer.

His detractors were noisy and scurrilous.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Slanderer; calumniator; defamer; vilifier.

De*tract"o*ry (?), a. Defamatory by denial of desert; derogatory; calumnious. Sir T. Browne.

De*tract"ress, n. A female detractor. Addison.

De*train" (?), v. i. & t. To alight, or to cause to alight, from a railway train. [Eng.] London Graphic.

De*trect" (?), v. t. [L. detrectare; de + tractare, intens. of trahere to draw.] To refuse; to decline. [Obs.] "To detrect the battle." Holinshed.

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Det"ri*ment (dt"r*ment), n. [L. detrimentum, fr. deterere, detritum, to rub or wear away; de + terere to rub: cf. F. détriment. See Trite.] 1. That which injures or causes damage; mischief; harm; diminution; loss; damage; -- used very generically; as, detriments to property, religion, morals, etc.

I can repair That detriment, if such it be.

Milton.

2. A charge made to students and barristers for incidental repairs of the rooms they occupy. [Eng.]

Syn. -- Injury; loss; damage; disadvantage; prejudice; hurt; mischief; harm.

Det"ri*ment (?), v. t. To do injury to; to hurt. [Archaic]

Other might be determined thereby.

Fuller.

Det`ri*men"tal (?), a. Causing detriment; injurious; hurtful.

Neither dangerous nor detrimental to the donor.

Addison.

Syn. -- Injurious; hurtful; prejudicial; disadvantageous; mischievous; pernicious.

Det`ri*men"tal*ness, n. The quality of being detrimental; injuriousness.

De*tri"tal (?), a. (Geol.) Pertaining to, or composed of, detritus.

De*trite" (?), a. [L. detritus, p. p.] Worn out.

De*tri"tion (?), n. [LL. detritio. See Detriment.] A wearing off or away.

Phonograms which by process long-continued detrition have reached a step of extreme simplicity.

I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

De*tri"tus (?), n. [F. détritus, fr. L. detritus, p. p. of deterere. See Detriment.] 1. (Geol.) A mass of substances worn off from solid bodies by attrition, and reduced to small portions; as, diluvial detritus.

For large portions, the word débris is used.

2. Hence: Any fragments separated from the body to which they belonged; any product of disintegration.

The mass of detritus of which modern languages are composed.

Farrar.

De*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Detruding.] [L. detrudere, detrusum; de + trudere to thrust, push.] To thrust down or out; to push down with force. Locke.

De*trun"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detruncated; p. pr. & vb. n. Detruncating.] [L. detruncatus, p. p. of detruncare to cut off; de + truncare to maim, shorten, cut off. See Truncate.] To shorten by cutting; to cut off; to lop off.

De`trun*ca"tion (?), n. [L. detruncatio: cf. F. détroncation.] The act of lopping or cutting off, as the head from the body.

De*tru"sion (?), n. [L. detrusio. See Detrude.] The act of thrusting or driving down or outward; outward thrust. -- De*tru"sive, a.

Dette (?), n. Debt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dette"les (?), a. Free from debt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De`tu*mes"cence (?), n. [L. detumescere to cease swelling; de + tumescere, tumere, to swell.] Diminution of swelling; subsidence of anything swollen. [R.] Cudworth.

||De"tur (?), n. [L. detur let it be given.] A present of books given to a meritorious undergraduate student as a prize. [Harvard Univ., U. S.]

De*turb" (?), v. t. [L. deturbare.] To throw down. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

De*tur"bate (?), v. t. [LL. deturbatus, p. p. of deturbare, fr. L. deturbare to thrust down.] To evict; to remove. [Obs.] Foxe.

Det`ur*ba"tion (?), n. The act of deturbating. [Obs.]

De*turn" (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + turn. Cf. Detour.] To turn away. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

De*tur"pate (?), v. t. [L. deturpare; de + turpare to make ugly, defile, turpis ugly, foul.] To defile; to disfigure. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Det`ur*pa"tion (?), n. A making foul. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Deuce (ds), n. [F. deux two, OF. deus, fr. L. duo. See Two.] 1. (Gaming) Two; a card or a die with two spots; as, the deuce of hearts.

2. (Tennis) A condition of the score beginning whenever each side has won three strokes in the same game (also reckoned "40 all"), and reverted to as often as a tie is made until one of the sides secures two successive strokes following a tie or deuce, which decides the game.

Deuce, n. [Cf. LL. dusius, Armor, dus, teûz, phantom, specter; Gael. taibhs, taibhse, apparition, ghost; or fr. OF. deus God, fr. L. deus (cf. Deity).] The devil; a demon. [A euphemism, written also deuse.] [Low]

Deu"ced (?), a. Devilish; excessive; extreme. [Low] -- Deu"ced*ly, adv.

Deuse (ds), n.; Deu"sed (d"sd), a. See Deuce, Deuced.

Deu`ter*o*ca*non"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; second + E. canonical.] Pertaining to a second canon, or ecclesiastical writing of inferior authority; -- said of the Apocrypha, certain Epistles, etc.

Deu`ter*og"a*mist (?), n. [See Deuterogamy.] One who marries the second time.

Deu`ter*og"a*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; second + &?; wedding, marriage.] A second marriage, after the death of the first husband of wife; -- in distinction from bigamy, as defined in the old canon law. See Bigamy. Goldsmith.

Deu`ter*o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; second + root of &?; to be born.] (Geol.) Of secondary origin; -- said of certain rocks whose material has been derived from older rocks.

Deu`ter*on"o*mist (?), n. The writer of Deuteronomy.

Deu`ter*on"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; second + &?; law: cf. L. Deuteronomium.] (Bibl.) The fifth book of the Pentateuch, containing the second giving of the law by Moses.

{ ||Deu`ter*o*pa*thi"a (?), Deu`ter*op"a*thy (?), } n. [NL. deuteropathia, fr. Gr. &?; second + &?; suffering, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer: cf. F. deutéropathie.] (Med.) A sympathetic affection of any part of the body, as headache from an overloaded stomach.

Deu`ter*o*path"ic (?), a. Pertaining to deuteropathy; of the nature of deuteropathy.

Deu`ter*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; second + -scopy.] 1. Second sight.

I felt by anticipation the horrors of the Highland seers, whom their gift of deuteroscopy compels to witness things unmeet for mortal eye.

Sir W. Scott.

2. That which is seen at a second view; a meaning beyond the literal sense; the second intention; a hidden signification. Sir T. Browne.

Deu`ter*o*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. &?; second + E. zooid.] (Zoöl.) One of the secondary, and usually sexual, zooids produced by budding or fission from the primary zooids, in animals having alternate generations. In the tapeworms, the joints are deuterozooids.

Deut`hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Deutohydroguret.

Deu"to- (?) or Deut- (dt-) [Contr. from Gr. &?; second.] (Chem.) A prefix which formerly properly indicated the second in a regular series of compound in the series, and not to its composition, but which is now generally employed in the same sense as bi-or di-, although little used.

Deu`to*hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. [Pref. deut-, deuto- + hydroguret.] (Chem.) A compound containing in the molecule two atoms of hydrogen united with some other element or radical. [Obs.]

Deu"to*plasm (?), n. [Pref. deuto- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) The lifeless food matter in the cytoplasm of an ovum or a cell, as distinguished from the active or true protoplasm; yolk substance; yolk.

Deu`to*plas"tic (?), a. [Pref. deuto- + Gr. &?; plastic.] (Biol.) Pertaining to, or composed of, deutoplasm.

Deu`to*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Pref. deuto- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) A disulphide. [Obs.]

Deu*tox"ide (?; 104), n. [Pref. deut- + oxide.] (Chem.) A compound containing in the molecule two atoms of oxygen united with some other element or radical; -- usually called dioxide, or less frequently, binoxide.

||Deut"zi*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Jan Deutz of Holland.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs with pretty white flowers, much cultivated.

||Dev (?), or ||De"va (&?;), n. [Skr. d&?;va. Cf. Deity.] (Hind. Myth.) A god; a deity; a divine being; an idol; a king.

||De`va*na"ga*ri (?), n. [Skr. d&?;vangar; d&?;va god + nagara city, i. e., divine city.] The character in which Sanskrit is written.

De*vap`o*ra"tion (?), n. The change of vapor into water, as in the formation of rain.

De*vast" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. dévaster. See Devastate.] To devastate. [Obs.] Bolingbroke.

Dev"as*tate (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devastated; p. pr. & vb. n. Devastating.] [L. devastatus, p. p. of devastare to devastate; de + vastare to lay waste, vastus waste. See Vast.] To lay waste; to ravage; to desolate.

Whole countries . . . were devastated.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- To waste; ravage; desolate; destroy; demolish; plunder; pillage.

Dev`as*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dévastation.] 1. The act of devastating, or the state of being devastated; a laying waste.

Even now the devastation is begun, And half the business of destruction done.

Goldsmith.

2. (Law) Waste of the goods of the deceased by an executor or administrator. Blackstone.

Syn. -- Desolation; ravage; waste; havoc; destruction; ruin; overthrow.

Dev"as*ta`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, devastates. Emerson.

||Dev`as*ta"vit (?), n. [L., he has wasted.] (Law) Waste or misapplication of the assets of a deceased person by an executor or an administrator. Bouvier.

||De"va*ta (?), n. [Hind., fr. Skr. d&?;va god.] (Hind. Myth.) A deity; a divine being; a good spirit; an idol. [Written also dewata.]

Deve (?), a. [See Deaf.] Deaf. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dev"el*in (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European swift. [Prov. Eng.]

De*vel"op (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Developed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Developing.] [F. déveloper; dé- (L. dis-) + OF. voluper, voleper, to envelop, perh. from L. volup agreeably, delightfully, and hence orig., to make agreeable or comfortable by enveloping, to keep snug (cf. Voluptuous); or. perh. fr. a derivative of volvere, volutum, to roll (cf. Devolve). Cf. Envelop.] [Written also develope.] 1. To free from that which infolds or envelops; to unfold; to lay open by degrees or in detail; to make visible or known; to disclose; to produce or give forth; as, to develop theories; a motor that develops 100 horse power.

These serve to develop its tenets.

Milner.

The 20th was spent in strengthening our position and developing the line of the enemy.

The Century.

2. To unfold gradually, as a flower from a bud; hence, to bring through a succession of states or stages, each of which is preparatory to the next; to form or expand by a process of growth; to cause to change gradually from an embryo, or a lower state, to a higher state or form of being; as, sunshine and rain develop the bud into a flower; to develop the mind.

The sound developed itself into a real compound.

J. Peile.

All insects . . . acquire the jointed legs before the wings are fully developed.

Owen.

3. To advance; to further; to prefect; to make to increase; to promote the growth of.

We must develop our own resources to the utmost.

Jowett (Thucyd).

4. (Math.) To change the form of, as of an algebraic expression, by executing certain indicated operations without changing the value.

5. (Photog.) To cause to become visible, as an invisible or latent image upon plate, by submitting it to chemical agents; to bring to view.

To develop a curved surface on a plane (Geom.), to produce on the plane an equivalent surface, as if by rolling the curved surface so that all parts shall successively touch the plane.

Syn. -- To uncover; unfold; evolve; promote; project; lay open; disclose; exhibit; unravel; disentangle.

De*vel"op (?), v. i. 1. To go through a process of natural evolution or growth, by successive changes from a less perfect to a more perfect or more highly organized state; to advance from a simpler form of existence to one more complex either in structure or function; as, a blossom develops from a bud; the seed develops into a plant; the embryo develops into a well-formed animal; the mind develops year by year.

Nor poets enough to understand That life develops from within.

Mrs. Browning.

2. To become apparent gradually; as, a picture on sensitive paper develops on the application of heat; the plans of the conspirators develop.

De*vel"op*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being developed. J. Peile.

Developable surface (Math.), a surface described by a moving right line, and such that consecutive positions of the generator intersect each other. Hence, the surface can be developed into a plane.

De*vel"op*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, develops.

2. (Photog.) A reagent by the action of which the latent image upon a photographic plate, after exposure in the camera, or otherwise, is developed and visible.

De*vel"op*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. développement.] [Written also developement.] 1. The act of developing or disclosing that which is unknown; a gradual unfolding process by which anything is developed, as a plan or method, or an image upon a photographic plate; gradual advancement or growth through a series of progressive changes; also, the result of developing, or a developed state.

A new development of imagination, taste, and poetry.

Channing.

2. (Biol.) The series of changes which animal and vegetable organisms undergo in their passage from the embryonic state to maturity, from a lower to a higher state of organization.

3. (Math.) (a) The act or process of changing or expanding an expression into another of equivalent value or meaning. (b) The equivalent expression into which another has been developed.

4. (mus.) The elaboration of a theme or subject; the unfolding of a musical idea; the evolution of a whole piece or movement from a leading theme or motive.

Development theory (Biol.), the doctrine that animals and plants possess the power of passing by slow and successive stages from a lower to a higher state of organization, and that all the higher forms of life now in existence were thus developed by uniform laws from lower forms, and are not the result of special creative acts. See the Note under Darwinian.

Syn. -- Unfolding; disclosure; unraveling; evolution; elaboration; growth.

De*vel`op*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the process of development; as, the developmental power of a germ. Carpenter.

Dev`e*nus"tate (?), v. t. [L. devenustatus, p. p. of devenustare to disfigure; de + venustus lovely, graceful.] To deprive of beauty or grace. [Obs.]

{ De*ver"gence (?), De*ver"gen*cy (?), } n. See Divergence. [Obs.]

De*vest" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devested; p. pr. & vb. n. Devesting.] [L. devestire to undress; de + vestire to dress: cf. OF. devestir, F. dévêtir. Cf. Divest.] 1. To divest; to undress. Shak.

2. To take away, as an authority, title, etc., to deprive; to alienate, as an estate.

This word is now generally written divest, except in the legal sense.

De*vest", v. i. (Law) To be taken away, lost, or alienated, as a title or an estate.

De*vex" (?), a. [L. devexus, from devehere to carry down.] Bending down; sloping. [Obs.]

De*vex", n. Devexity. [Obs.] May (Lucan).

De*vex"i*ty (?), n. [L. devexitas, fr. devexus. See Devex, a.] A bending downward; a sloping; incurvation downward; declivity. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr.)

||De"vi (?), n.; fem. of Deva. A goddess.

De"vi*ant (?), a. Deviating. [Obs.]

De"vi*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Deviated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deviating (?).] [L. deviare to deviate; de + viare to go, travel, via way. See Viaduct.] To go out of the way; to turn aside from a course or a method; to stray or go astray; to err; to digress; to diverge; to vary.

Thus Pegasus, a nearer way to take, May boldly deviate from the common track.

Pope.

Syn. -- To swerve; stray; wander; digress; depart; deflect; err.

De"vi*ate, v. t. To cause to deviate. [R.]

To deviate a needle.

J. D. Forbes.

De`vi*a"tion (?), n. [LL. deviatio: cf. F. déviation.] 1. The act of deviating; a wandering from the way; variation from the common way, from an established rule, etc.; departure, as from the right course or the path of duty.

2. The state or result of having deviated; a transgression; an act of sin; an error; an offense.

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2. (Com.) The voluntary and unnecessary departure of a ship from, or delay in, the regular and usual course of the specific voyage insured, thus releasing the underwriters from their responsibility.

Deviation of a falling body (Physics), that deviation from a strictly vertical line of descent which occurs in a body falling freely, in consequence of the rotation of the earth. -- Deviation of the compass, the angle which the needle of a ship's compass makes with the magnetic meridian by reason of the magnetism of the iron parts of the ship. -- Deviation of the line of the vertical, the difference between the actual direction of a plumb line and the direction it would have if the earth were a perfect ellipsoid and homogeneous, -- caused by the attraction of a mountain, or irregularities in the earth's density.

De"vi*a`tor (?), n. [L., a forsaker.] One who, or that which, deviates.

De"vi*a*to*ry (?), a. Tending to deviate; devious; as, deviatory motion. [R.] Tully.

De*vice" (?), n. [OE. devis, devise, will, intention, opinion, invention, fr. F. devis architect's plan and estimates (in OF., division, plan, wish), devise device (in sense 3), in OF. also, division, wish, last will, fr. deviser. See Devise, v. t., and cf. Devise, n.] 1. That which is devised, or formed by design; a contrivance; an invention; a project; a scheme; often, a scheme to deceive; a stratagem; an artifice.

His device in against Babylon, to destroy it.

Jer. li. 11.

Their recent device of demanding benevolences.

Hallam.

He disappointeth the devices of the crafty.

Job v. 12.

2. Power of devising; invention; contrivance.

I must have instruments of my own device.

Landor.

3. (a) An emblematic design, generally consisting of one or more figures with a motto, used apart from heraldic bearings to denote the historical situation, the ambition, or the desire of the person adopting it. See Cognizance. (b) Improperly, an heraldic bearing.

Knights-errant used to distinguish themselves by devices on their shields.

Addison.

A banner with this strange device - Excelsior.

Longfellow.

4. Anything fancifully conceived. Shak.

5. A spectacle or show. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

6. Opinion; decision. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Syn. -- Contrivance; invention; design; scheme; project; stratagem; shift. -- Device, Contrivance. Device implies more of inventive power, and contrivance more of skill and dexterity in execution. A device usually has reference to something worked out for exhibition or show; a contrivance usually respects the arrangement or disposition of things with reference to securing some end. Devices were worn by knights-errant on their shields; contrivances are generally used to promote the practical convenience of life. The word device is often used in a bad sense; as, a crafty device; contrivance is almost always used in a good sense; as, a useful contrivance.

De*vice"ful (?), a. Full of devices; inventive. [R.]

A carpet, rich, and of deviceful thread.

Chapman.

De*vice"ful*ly, adv. In a deviceful manner. [R.]

Dev"il (?), n. [AS. deófol, deóful; akin to G. &?;eufel, Goth. diabaúlus; all fr. L. diabolus the devil, Gr. &?; the devil, the slanderer, fr. &?; to slander, calumniate, orig., to throw across; &?; across + &?; to throw, let fall, fall; cf. Skr. gal to fall. Cf. Diabolic.] 1. The Evil One; Satan, represented as the tempter and spiritual of mankind.

[Jesus] being forty days tempted of the devil.

Luke iv. 2.

That old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world.

Rev. xii. 9.