Chapter 20

3. To rely for support; to be conditioned or contingent; to be connected with anything, as a cause of existence, or as a necessary condition; -- followed by on or upon, formerly by of.

The truth of God's word dependeth not of the truth of the congregation.

Tyndale.

The conclusion . . . that our happiness depends little on political institutions, and much on the temper and regulation of our own minds.

Macaulay.

Heaven forming each on other to depend.

Pope.

4. To trust; to rest with confidence; to rely; to confide; to be certain; -- with on or upon; as, we depend on the word or assurance of our friends; we depend on the mail at the usual hour.

But if you 're rough, and use him like a dog, Depend upon it -- he 'll remain incog.

Addison.

5. To serve; to attend; to act as a dependent or retainer. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To impend. [Obs.] Shak.

De*pend"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of being depended on; trustworthy. "Dependable friendships." Pope.

{ De*pend"ant (?), De*pend"ance (?), n., De*pend"an*cy (?) }, n. See Dependent, Dependence, Dependency.

The forms dependant, dependance, dependancy are from the French; the forms dependent, etc., are from the Latin. Some authorities give preference to the form dependant when the word is a noun, thus distinguishing it from the adjective, usually written dependent.

De*pend"ence (?), n. [LL. dependentia, fr. L. dependens. See Dependent, and cf. Dependance.] 1. The act or state of depending; state of being dependent; a hanging down or from; suspension from a support.

2. The state of being influenced and determined by something; subjection (as of an effect to its cause).

The cause of effects, and the dependence of one thing upon another.

Bp. Burnet.

3. Mutual connection and support; concatenation; systematic inter-relation.

So dark and so intricate of purpose, without any dependence or order.

Sir T. More.

4. Subjection to the direction or disposal of another; inability to help or provide for one's self.

Reduced to a servile dependence on their mercy.

Burke.

5. A resting with confidence; reliance; trust.

Affectionate dependence on the Creator is the spiritual life of the soul.

T. Erskine.

6. That on which one depends or relies; as, he was her sole dependence.

7. That which depends; anything dependent or suspended; anything attached a subordinate to, or contingent on, something else.

Like a large cluster of black grapes they show And make a large dependence from the bough.

Dryden.

8. A matter depending, or in suspense, and still to be determined; ground of controversy or quarrel. [Obs.]

To go on now with my first dependence.

Beau. & Fl.

De*pend"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Dependencies (&?;). 1. State of being dependent; dependence; state of being subordinate; subordination; concatenation; connection; reliance; trust.

Any long series of action, the parts of which have very much dependency each on the other.

Sir J. Reynolds.

So that they may acknowledge their dependency on the crown of England.

Bacon.

2. A thing hanging down; a dependence.

3. That which is attached to something else as its consequence, subordinate, satellite, and the like.

This earth and its dependencies.

T. Burnet.

Modes I call such complex ideas which . . . are considered as dependencies on or affections of substances.

Locke.

4. A territory remote from the kingdom or state to which it belongs, but subject to its dominion; a colony; as, Great Britain has its dependencies in Asia, Africa, and America.

Dependence is more used in the abstract, and dependency in the concrete. The latter is usually restricted in meaning to 3 and 4.

De*pend"ent (?), a. [L. dependens, -entis, p. pr. dependere. See Depend, and cf. Dependant.] 1. Hanging down; as, a dependent bough or leaf.

2. Relying on, or subject to, something else for support; not able to exist, or sustain itself, or to perform anything, without the will, power, or aid of something else; not self-sustaining; contingent or conditioned; subordinate; -- often with on or upon; as, dependent on God; dependent upon friends.

England, long dependent and degraded, was again a power of the first rank.

Macaulay.

Dependent covenant or contract (Law), one not binding until some connecting stipulation is performed. -- Dependent variable (Math.), a varying quantity whose changes are arbitrary, but are regarded as produced by changes in another variable, which is called the independent variable.

De*pend"ent, n. 1. One who depends; one who is sustained by another, or who relies on another for support of favor; a hanger-on; a retainer; as, a numerous train of dependents.

A host of dependents on the court, suborned to play their part as witnesses.

Hallam.

2. That which depends; corollary; consequence.

With all its circumstances and dependents.

Prynne.

See the Note under Dependant.

De*pend"ent*ly, adv. In a dependent manner.

De*pend"er (?), n. One who depends; a dependent.

De*pend"ing*ly, adv. As having dependence. Hale.

De*peo"ple (?), v. t. To depopulate. [Obs.]

De*per"dit (?), n. [LL. deperditum, fr. L. deperditus, p. p. of deperdere; de- + perdere to lose, destroy.] That which is lost or destroyed. [R.] Paley.

De*per"dite*ly (?), adv. Hopelessly; despairingly; in the manner of one ruined; as, deperditely wicked. [Archaic]

Dep`er*di"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déperdition.] Loss; destruction. [Archaic] Sir T. Browne.

De*per"ti*ble (?), a. [See Depart.] Divisible. [Obs.] Bacon.

De*phlegm" (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + phlegm water; cf. F. déphlegmer, déflegmer.] (O. Chem.) To rid of phlegm or water; to dephlegmate. [Obs.] Boyle.

De*phleg"mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dephlegmated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dephlegmating.] [See Dephlegm.] (Chem.) To deprive of superabundant water, as by evaporation or distillation; to clear of aqueous matter; to rectify; -- used of spirits and acids.

De`phleg*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déflegmation.] (Chem.) The operation of separating water from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated distillation; -- called also concentration, especially when acids are the subject of it. [Obs.]

De*phleg"ma*tor (?), n. An instrument or apparatus in which water is separated by evaporation or distillation; the part of a distilling apparatus in which the separation of the vapors is effected.

De*phleg"ma*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or producing, dephlegmation.

De*phlegm"ed*ness (?), n. A state of being freed from water. [Obs.] Boyle.

De`phlo*gis"tic*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dephlogisticated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dephlogisticating.] [Pref. de- + phlosticate: cf. F. déphlogistiguer.] (O. Chem.) To deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of inflammability. Priestley.

Dephlogisticated air, oxygen gas; -- so called by Dr. Priestly and others of his time.

-- De`phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion (#), n.

De*phos`phor*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of freeing from phosphorous.

De*pict" (-pkt"), p. p. [L. depictus, p. p. of depingere to depict; de- + pingere to paint. See Paint, and cf. Depaint, p. p.] Depicted. Lydgate.

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De*pict" (d*pkt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Depicting.] 1. To form a colored likeness of; to represent by a picture; to paint; to portray.

His arms are fairly depicted in his chamber.

Fuller.

2. To represent in words; to describe vividly.

Cæsar's gout was then depicted in energetic language.

Motley.

De*pic"tion (?), n. [L. depictio.] A painting or depicting; a representation.

De*pic"ture (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depictured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depicturing.] To make a picture of; to paint; to picture; to depict.

Several persons were depictured in caricature.

Fielding.

Dep"i*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depilated; p. pr. & vb. n. Depilating.] [L. depilatus, p. p. of depilare to depilate; de- + pilare to put forth hairs, pilus hair.] To strip of hair; to husk. Venner.

Dep`i*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dépilation.] Act of pulling out or removing the hair; unhairing. Dryden.

De*pil"a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. dépilatoire.] Having the quality or power of removing hair. -- n. An application used to take off hair.

Dep"i*lous (?), a. [Pref. de- + pilous: cf. L. depilis.] Hairless. Sir t. Browne.

De*pla"nate (?), a. [L. deplanetus, p. p. of deplanare to make level. See Plane, v. t.] (Bot.) Flattened; made level or even.

De*plant" (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + plan: cf. F. déplanter, L. deplantare to take off a twig. See Plant, v. t.] To take up (plants); to transplant. [R.]

De`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déplantation.] Act of taking up plants from beds.

De*plete" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Depleting.] [From L. deplere to empty out; de- + plere to fill. Forined like replete, complete. See Fill, Full, a.] 1. (Med.) To empty or unload, as the vessels of human system, by bloodletting or by medicine. Copland.

2. To reduce by destroying or consuming the vital powers of; to exhaust, as a country of its strength or resources, a treasury of money, etc. Saturday Review.

De*ple"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déplétion.] 1. The act of depleting or emptying.

2. (Med.) the act or process of diminishing the quantity of fluid in the vessels by bloodletting or otherwise; also excessive evacuation, as in severe diarrhea.

De*ple"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. déplétif.] Able or fitted to deplete. -- n. A substance used to deplete.

De*ple"to*ry (?), a. Serving to deplete.

Dep`li*ca"tion (?), n. [LL. deplicare to unfold; L. de- + plicare to fold.] An unfolding, untwisting, or unplaiting. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

Dep`loi*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. Exploitation, Deploy.] Same as Exploitation.

De*plor`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Deplorableness. Stormonth.

De*plor"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. déplorable.] Worthy of being deplored or lamented; lamentable; causing grief; hence, sad; calamitous; grievous; wretched; as, life's evils are deplorable.

Individual sufferers are in a much more deplorable conditious than any others.

Burke.

De*plor"a*ble*ness, n. State of being deplorable.

De*plor"a*bly, adv. In a deplorable manner.

De*plo"rate (?), a. [L. deploratus, p. p. of deplorare. See Deplore.] Deplorable. [Obs.]

A more deplorate estate.

Baker.

Dep`lo*ra"tion (?), n. [L. deploratio: cf. F. déploration.] The act of deploring or lamenting; lamentation. Speed.

De*plore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deplored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deploring.] [L. deplorare; de- + plorare to cry out, wail, lament; prob. akin to pluere to rain, and to E. flow: cf. F. déplorer. Cf. Flow.] 1. To feel or to express deep and poignant grief for; to bewail; to lament; to mourn; to sorrow over.

To find her, or forever to deplore Her loss.

Milton.

As some sad turtle his lost love deplores.

Pope.

2. To complain of. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To regard as hopeless; to give up. [Obs.] Bacon.

Syn. -- To Deplore, Mourn, Lament, Bewail, Bemoan. Mourn is the generic term, denoting a state of grief or sadness. To lament is to express grief by outcries, and denotes an earnest and strong expression of sorrow. To deplore marks a deeper and more prolonged emotion. To bewail and to bemoan are appropriate only to cases of poignant distress, in which the grief finds utterance either in wailing or in moans and sobs. A man laments his errors, and deplores the ruin they have brought on his family; mothers bewail or bemoan the loss of their children.

De*plore", v. i. To lament. Gray.

De*plor"ed*ly (?), adv. Lamentably.

De*plor"ed*ness, n. The state of being deplored or deplorable. [R.] Bp. Hail.

De*plore"ment (?), n. Deploration. [Obs.]

De*plor"er (?), n. One who deplores.

De*plor"ing*ly, adv. In a deploring manner.

De*ploy" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Deployed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deploying.] [F. déployer; pref. dé&?; = dés (L. dis) + ployer, equiv. to plier to fold, fr. L. plicare. See Ply, and cf. Display.] (Mil.) To open out; to unfold; to spread out (a body of troops) in such a way that they shall display a wider front and less depth; -- the reverse of ploy; as, to deploy a column of troops into line of battle.

{ De*ploy" (?), De*ploy"ment (?), } n. (Mil.) The act of deploying; a spreading out of a body of men in order to extend their front. Wilhelm.

Deployments . . . which cause the soldier to turn his back to the enemy are not suited to war.

H. L. Scott.

De*plu"mate (?), a. [LL. diplumatus, p. p. of deplumare. See Deplume.] (Zoöl.) Destitute or deprived of features; deplumed.

Dep`lu*ma"tion (?), n. [See Deplumate.] 1. The stripping or falling off of plumes or feathers. Bp. Stillingfleet

2. (Med.) A disease of the eyelids, attended with loss of the eyelashes. Thomas.

De*plume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deplumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depluming.] [LL. deplumare; L. de- + plumare to cover with feathers, pluma feather: cf. deplumis featherless, and F. déplumer.] 1. To strip or pluck off the feather of; to deprive of of plumage.

On the depluming of the pope every bird had his own feather.

Fuller.

2. To lay bare; to expose.

The exposure and depluming of the leading humbugs of the age.

De Quincey.

De*po`lar*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dépolarisation.] The act of depriving of polarity, or the result of such action; reduction to an unpolarized condition.

Depolarization of light (Opt.), a change in the plane of polarization of rays, especially by a crystalline medium, such that the light which had been extinguished by the analyzer reappears as if the polarization had been anulled. The word is inappropriate, as the ray does not return to the unpolarized condition.

De*po"lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depolarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depolarizing.] [Pref. de- + polarize: cf. F. dépolarizer.] 1. (Opt.) To deprive of polarity; to reduce to an unpolarized condition.

This word has been inaccurately applied in optics to describe the effect of a polarizing medium, as a crystalline plate, in causing the reappearance of a ray, in consequence of a change in its plane of polarization, which previously to the change was intercepted by the analyzer.

2. (Elec.) To free from polarization, as the negative plate of the voltaic battery.

De*po"lar*i`zer (?), n. (Elec.) A substance used to prevent polarization, as upon the negative plate of a voltaic battery.

De*pol"ish (d*pl"sh), v. t. To remove the polish or glaze from.

De*pol"ish*ing (d*pl"sh*ng), n. (Ceramics) The process of removing the vitreous glaze from porcelain, leaving the dull luster of the surface of ivory porcelain. Knight.

De*pone" (d*pn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deponed (-pnd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Deponing.] [L. deponere, depositum, to put down, in LL., to assert under oath; de- + ponere to put, place. See Position, and cf. Deposit.] 1. To lay, as a stake; to wager. [Obs.] Hudibras.

2. To lay down. [R.] Southey.

3. To assert under oath; to depose. [A Scotticism]

Sprot deponeth that he entered himself thereafter in conference.

State Trials(1606).

De*pone", v. i. To testify under oath; to depose; to bear witness. [A Scotticism]

The fairy Glorians, whose credibility on this point can not be called in question, depones to the confinement of Merlin in a tree.

Dunlop.

De*po"nent (?), n. [L. deponenes, -entis, laying down. See Depone, v. t.] 1. (Law) One who deposes or testifies under oath; one who gives evidence; usually, one who testifies in writing.

2. (Gr. & Lat. Gram.) A deponent verb.

Syn. -- Deponent, Affiant. These are legal terms describing a person who makes a written declaration under oath, with a view to establish certain facts. An affiant is one who makes an affidavit, or declaration under oath, in order to establish the truth of what he says. A deponenet is one who makes a deposition, or gives written testimony under oath, to be used in the trial of some case before a court of justice. See under Deposition.

De*po"nent, a. [L. deponens, -entis, laying down (its proper passive meaning), p. pr. of deponere: cf. F. déponent. See Depone.] (Gram.) Having a passive form with an active meaning, as certain latin and Greek verbs.

De*pop"u*la*cy (?), n. Depopulation; destruction of population. [R.] Chapman.

De*pop"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depopulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depopulating (?).] [L. depopulatus, p. p. of depopulari to ravage; de- + populari to ravage, fr. populus people: cf. OF. depopuler, F. dépeupler. See People.] To deprive of inhabitants, whether by death or by expulsion; to reduce greatly the populousness of; to dispeople; to unpeople.

Where is this viper, That would depopulate the city?

Shak.

It is not synonymous with laying waste or destroying, being limited to the loss of inhabitants; as, an army or a famine may depopulate a country. It rarely expresses an entire loss of inhabitants, but often a great diminution of their numbers; as, the deluge depopulated the earth.

De*pop"u*late, v. i. To become dispeopled. [R.]

Whether the country be depopulating or not.

Goldsmith.

De*pop`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. depopulatio pillaging: cf. F. dépopulation depopulation.] The act of depopulating, or condition of being depopulated; destruction or explusion of inhabitants.

The desolation and depopulation [of St.Quentin] were now complete.

Motley.

De*pop"u*la`tor (?), n. [L., pillager.] One who depopulates; a dispeopler.

De*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deported; p. pr. & vb. n. Deporting.] [F. déporter to transport for life, OF., to divert, amuse, from L. deportare to carry away; de- + portare to carry. See Port demeanor.] 1. To transport; to carry away; to exile; to send into banishment.

He told us he had been deported to Spain.

Walsh.

2. To carry or demean; to conduct; to behave; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun.

Let an ambassador deport himself in the most graceful manner befor a prince.

Pope.

De*port" (?), n. Behavior; carriage; demeanor; deportment. [Obs.] "Goddesslike deport." Milton.

De`por*ta"tion (?), n. [L. depotatio: cf. F. déportation.] The act of deporting or exiling, or the state of being deported; banishment; transportation.

In their deportations, they had often the favor of their conquerors.

Atterbury.

De*port"ment (?), n. [F. déportement misconduct, OF., demeanor. See Deport.] Manner of deporting or demeaning one's self; manner of acting; conduct; carriage; especially, manner of acting with respect to the courtesies and duties of life; behavior; demeanor; bearing.

The gravity of his deportment carried him safe through many difficulties.

Swift.

De*por"ture (?), n. Deportment. [Obs.]

Stately port and majestical deporture.

Speed.

De*pos"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being deposed or deprived of office. Howell.

De*pos"al (?), n. The act of deposing from office; a removal from the throne. Fox.

De*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deposing.][FF. déposer, in the sense of L. deponere to put down; but from pref. dé- (L. de) + poser to place. See Pose, Pause.] 1. To lay down; to divest one's self of; to lay aside. [Obs.]

Thus when the state one Edward did depose, A greater Edward in his room arose.

Dryden.

2. To let fall; to deposit. [Obs.]

Additional mud deposed upon it.

Woodward.

3. To remove from a throne or other high station; to dethrone; to divest or deprive of office.

A tyrant over his subjects, and therefore worthy to be deposed.

Prynne.

4. To testify under oath; to bear testimony to; -- now usually said of bearing testimony which is officially written down for future use. Abbott.

To depose the yearly rent or valuation of lands.

Bacon.

5. To put under oath. [Obs.]

Depose him in the justice of his cause.

Shak.

De*pose", v. i. To bear witness; to testify under oath; to make deposition.

Then, seeing't was he that made you to despose, Your oath, my lord, is vain and frivolous.

Shak.

De*pos"er (?), n. 1. One who deposes or degrades from office.

2. One who testifies or deposes; a deponent.

De*pos"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deposited; p. pr. & vb. n. Depositing.] [L. depositus, p. p. of deponere. See Depone, and cf. Deposit, n.] 1. To lay down; to place; to put; to let fall or throw down (as sediment); as, a crocodile deposits her eggs in the sand; the waters deposited a rich alluvium.

The fear is deposited in conscience.

Jer. Taylor.

2. To lay up or away for safe keeping; to put up; to store; as, to deposit goods in a warehouse.

3. To lodge in some one's hands for safe keeping; to commit to the custody of another; to intrust; esp., to place in a bank, as a sum of money subject to order.

4. To lay aside; to rid one's self of. [Obs.]

If what is written prove useful to you, to the depositing that which I can not but deem an error.

Hammond.

Both this verb and the noun following were formerly written deposite.

De*pos"it, n. [L. depositum, fr. depositus, p. p. of deponere: cf. F. dépôt, OF. depost. See Deposit, v. t., and cf. Depot.] 1. That which is deposited, or laid or thrown down; as, a deposit in a flue; especially, matter precipitated from a solution (as the siliceous deposits of hot springs), or that which is mechanically deposited (as the mud, gravel, etc., deposits of a river).

The deposit already formed affording to the succeeding portion of the charged fluid a basis.

Kirwan.

2. (Mining) A natural occurrence of a useful mineral under the conditions to invite exploitation. Raymond.

3. That which is placed anywhere, or in any one's hands, for safe keeping; something intrusted to the care of another; esp., money lodged with a bank or banker, subject to order; anything given as pledge or security.

4. (Law) (a) A bailment of money or goods to be kept gratuitously for the bailor. (b) Money lodged with a party as earnest or security for the performance of a duty assumed by the person depositing.

5. A place of deposit; a depository. [R.]

Bank of deposit. See under Bank. -- In deposit, or On deposit, in trust or safe keeping as a deposit; as, coins were received on deposit.

De*pos"i*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Depositaries (#). [L. depositarius, fr. deponere. See Deposit.] 1. One with whom anything is lodged in the trust; one who receives a deposit; -- the correlative of depositor.

I . . . made you my guardians, my depositaries.

Shak.

The depositaries of power, who are mere delegates of the people.

J. S. Mill.

2. A storehouse; a depository. Bp. Hurd.

3. (Law) One to whom goods are bailed, to be kept for the bailor without a recompense. Kent.

Dep`o*si"tion (?), n. [L. depositio, fr. deponere: cf. F. déposition. See Deposit.] 1. The act of depositing or deposing; the act of laying down or thrown down; precipitation.

The deposition of rough sand and rolled pebbles.

H. Miller.

2. The act of bringing before the mind; presentation.

The influence of princes upon the dispositions of their courts needs not the deposition of their examples, since it hath the authority of a known principle.

W. Montagu.

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3. The act of setting aside a sovereign or a public officer; deprivation of authority and dignity; displacement; removal.

A deposition differs from an abdication, an abdication being voluntary, and a deposition compulsory.

4. That which is deposited; matter laid or thrown down; sediment; alluvial matter; as, banks are sometimes depositions of alluvial matter.

5. An opinion, example, or statement, laid down or asserted; a declaration.

6. (Law) The act of laying down one's testimony in writing; also, testimony laid or taken down in writing, under oath or affirmation, before some competent officer, and in reply to interrogatories and cross-interrogatories.