Chapter 103

2. To part with for a substitute; to lay aside, quit, or resign (something being received in place of the thing parted with); as, to exchange a palace for cell.

And death for life exchanged foolishly.

Spenser.

To shift his being Is to exchange one misery with another.

Shak.

3. To give and receive reciprocally, as things of the same kind; to barter; to swap; as, to exchange horses with a neighbor; to exchange houses or hats.

Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet.

Shak.

Syn. -- To barter; change; commute; interchange; bargain; truck; swap; traffic.

Ex*change", v. i. To be changed or received in exchange for; to pass in exchange; as, dollar exchanges for ten dimes.

Ex*change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being exchangeable.

The law ought not be contravened by an express article admitting the exchangeability of such persons.

Washington.

Ex*change"a*ble (?), a. [Cf.F. échangeable.] 1. Capable of being exchanged; fit or proper to be exchanged.

The officers captured with Burgoyne were exchangeable within the powers of General Howe.

Marshall.

2. Available for making exchanges; ratable. "An exchangeable value." J. S. Mill.

Ex*change"a*bly, adv. By way of exchange.

Ex*chan"ger (?), n. One who exchanges; one who practices exchange. Matt. xxv. 27.

Ex*cheat" (?), n. See Escheat. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ex*cheat"or (?), n. See Escheator. [Obs.]

Ex*cheq"uer (?), n. [OE. escheker, OF. eichekier, fr. LL. scaccarium. See Checker, Chess, Check.] 1. One of the superior courts of law; -- so called from a checkered cloth, which covers, or formerly covered, the table. [Eng.]

The exchequer was a court of law and equity. In the revenue department, it had jurisdiction over the proprietary rights of the crown against subjects; in the common law department, it administered justice in personal actions between subject and subject. A person proceeding against another in the revenue department was said to exchequer him. The judges of this court were one chief and four puisne barons, so styled. The Court of Exchequer Chamber sat as court of error in which the judgments of each of the superior courts of common law, in England, were subject to revision by the judges of the other two sitting collectively. Causes involving difficult questions of law were sometimes after argument, adjourned into this court from the other courts, for debate before judgment in the court below. Recent legislation in England (1880) has abolished the Court of Exchequer and the Court of Exchequer Chamber, as distinct tribunals, a single board of judiciary, the High Court of Justice, being established for the trial of all classes of civil cases. Wharton.

2. The department of state having charge of the collection and management of the royal revenue. [Eng.] Hence, the treasury; and, colloquially, pecuniary possessions in general; as, the company's exchequer is low.

Barons of the exchequer. See under Baron. -- Chancellor of the exchequer. See under Chancellor. -- Exchequer bills or bonds (Eng.), bills of money, or promissory bills, issued from the exchequer by authority of Parliament; a species of paper currency emitted under the authority of the government, and bearing interest.

Ex*cheq"uer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exchequered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exchequering.] To institute a process against (any one) in the Court of Exchequer.

Ex*cide" (?), v. t. [L. excidere, excisum; ex out + caedere to cut. See Concise, and cf. Excise to cut off.] To cut off. [R.]

Ex*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. excipients, -entis, p. pr. of exipere. See Except, v. t.] Taking an exception.

Ex*cip"i*ent, n. 1. An exceptor. [R.]

2. (Med.) An inert or slightly active substance used in preparing remedies as a vehicle or medium of administration for the medicinal agents. Chambers.

{ Ex"ci*ple (?), ||Ex*cip"u*lum (?), } n. [NL. excipulum, fr. L. excipere. See Except.] (Bot.) The outer part of the fructification of most lichens.

Ex*cis"a*ble (?), a. Liable or subject to excise; as, tobacco in an excisable commodity.

Ex*cise" (?), n. [Apparently fr. L. excisum cut off, fr. excidere to cut out or off; ex out, off + caedere to cut; or, as the word was formerly written accise, fr. F. accise, LL. accisia, as if fr. L. accidere, accisum, to cut into; ad + caedere to cut; but prob. transformed fr. OF. assise, LL. assisa, assisia, assize. See Assize, Concise.] 1. In inland duty or impost operating as an indirect tax on the consumer, levied upon certain specified articles, as, tobacco, ale, spirits, etc., grown or manufactured in the country. It is also levied to pursue certain trades and deal in certain commodities. Certain direct taxes (as, in England, those on carriages, servants, plate, armorial bearings, etc.), are included in the excise. Often used adjectively; as, excise duties; excise law; excise system.

The English excise system corresponds to the internal revenue system in the United States.

Abbot.

An excise . . . is a fixed, absolute, and direct charge laid on merchandise, products, or commodities.

11 Allen's (Mass. ) Rpts.

2. That department or bureau of the public service charged with the collection of the excise taxes. [Eng.]

Ex*cise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excising.] 1. To lay or impose an excise upon.

2. To impose upon; to overcharge. [Prov. Eng.]

Ex*cise", v. t. [See Excide.] To cut out or off; to separate and remove; as, to excise a tumor.

Ex*cise"man (?), n.; pl. Excisemen (&?;). An officer who inspects and rates articles liable to excise duty. Macaulay.

Ex*ci"sion (?), n. [L. excisio: cf. F. excision. See Excide.] 1. The act of excising or cutting out or off; extirpation; destruction.

Such conquerors are the instruments of vengeance on those nations that have . . . grown ripe for excision.

Atterbury.

2. (Eccl.) The act of cutting off from the church; excommunication.

3. (Surg.) The removal, especially of small parts, with a cutting instrument. Dunglison.

Ex*cit"a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. excitabilité.] 1. The quality of being readily excited; proneness to be affected by exciting causes.

2. (Physiol.) The property manifested by living organisms, and the elements and tissues of which they are constituted, of responding to the action of stimulants; irritability; as, nervous excitability.

Ex*cit"a*ble (?), a. [L. excitabilis inciting: cf. F. excitable.] Capable of being excited, or roused into action; susceptible of excitement; easily stirred up, or stimulated.

Ex*cit"ant (?), a. [L. excitans, -antis, p. pr. of excitare: cf. F. excitant.] Tending to excite; exciting.

Ex*cit"ant, n. (Physiol.) An agent or influence which arouses vital activity, or produces increased action, in a living organism or in any of its tissues or parts; a stimulant.

Ex*cit"ate (?), v. t. [L. excitatus, p. p. of excitare. See Excite.] To excite. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex`ci*ta"tion (?) n. [L. excitatio: cf. F. excitation.] 1. The act of exciting or putting in motion; the act of rousing up or awakening. Bacon.

2. (Physiol.) The act of producing excitement (stimulation); also, the excitement produced.

Ex*cit"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. excitatif.] Having power to excite; tending or serving to excite; excitatory. Barrow.

Ex"ci*ta`tor (?), n. [L., one who rouses.] (Elec.) A kind of discarder.

Ex*cit"a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. excitatoire.] Tending to excite; containing excitement; excitative.

Ex*cite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excited; p. pr. & vb. n. exciting.] [L. excitare; ex out + citare to move rapidly, to rouse: cf. OF. esciter, exciter, F. exciter. See Cite.] 1. To call to activity in any way; to rouse to feeling; to kindle to passionate emotion; to stir up to combined or general activity; as, to excite a person, the spirits, the passions; to excite a mutiny or insurrection; to excite heat by friction.

2. (Physiol.) To call forth or increase the vital activity of an organism, or any of its parts.

Syn. -- To incite; awaken; animate; rouse or arouse; stimulate; inflame; irritate; provoke. -- To Excite, Incite. When we excite we rouse into action feelings which were less strong; when we incite we spur on or urge forward to a specific act or end. Demosthenes excited the passions of the Athenians against Philip, and thus incited the whole nation to unite in the war against him. Antony, by his speech over the body of Cæsar, so excited the feelings of the populace, that Brutus and his companions were compelled to flee from Rome; many however, were incited to join their standard, not only by love of liberty, but hopes of plunder.

Ex*cite"ful (?), n. Full of exciting qualities; as, an exciteful story; exciteful players. Chapman.

Ex*cite"ment (?) n. [Cf. OF. excitement, escitement.] 1. The act of exciting, or the state of being roused into action, or of having increased action; impulsion; agitation; as, an excitement of the people.

2. That which excites or rouses; that which moves, stirs, or induces action; a motive.

The cares and excitements of a season of transition and struggle.

Talfowrd.

3. (Physiol.) A state of aroused or increased vital activity in an organism, or any of its organs or tissues.

Ex*cit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, excites.

Hope is the grand exciter of industry.

Dr. H. More.

Ex*cit"ing, a. Calling or rousing into action; producing excitement; as, exciting events; an exciting story. -- Ex*cit"ing*ly, adv.

Exciting causes (Med.), those which immediately produce disease, or those which excite the action of predisposing causes.

Ex*cit"ive (?), a. Serving or tending to excite; excitative. [R.] Bamfield.

Ex*cit"ive, n. That which excites; an excitant. [R.]

Ex*ci`to-mo"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) Motion excited by reflex nerves. See Excito-motory.

Ex*ci`to-mo"tor (?), a. (Physiol.) Excito-motory; as, excito-motor power or causes.

Ex*ci`to-mo"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Exciting motion; -- said of that portion of the nervous system concerned in reflex actions, by which impressions are transmitted to a nerve center and then reflected back so as to produce muscular contraction without sensation or volition.

Ex*ci`to-nu"tri*ent (?), a (Physiol.) Exciting nutrition; said of the reflex influence by which the nutritional processes are either excited or modified.

Ex*ci`to-se*cre"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Exciting secretion; -- said of the influence exerted by reflex action on the function of secretion, by which the various glands are excited to action.

Ex*claim" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Exclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exclaiming.] [L. exclamare, exclamatum; ex + clamare to cry out; cf. OF. exclamer. See Clam.] To cry out from earnestness or passion; to utter with vehemence; to call out or declare loudly; to protest vehemently; to vociferate; to shout; as, to exclaim against oppression with wonder or astonishment; "The field is won!" he exclaimed.

Ex*claim", n. Outcry; clamor. [Archaic]

Cursing cries and deep exclaims.

Shak.

Ex*claim"er, n. One who exclaims.

Ex`cla*ma"tion (?), n. [L. exclamatio: cf. F. exclamation.] 1. A loud calling or crying out; outcry; loud or emphatic utterance; vehement vociferation; clamor; that which is cried out, as an expression of feeling; sudden expression of sound or words indicative of emotion, as in surprise, pain, grief, joy, anger, etc.

Exclamations against abuses in the church.

Hooker.

Thus will I drown your exclamations.

Shak.

A festive exclamation not unsuited to the occasion.

Trench.

2. (Rhet.) A word expressing outcry; an interjection; a word expressing passion, as wonder, fear, or grief.

3. (Print.) A mark or sign by which outcry or emphatic utterance is marked; thus [!]; -- called also exclamation point.

Ex*clam"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. exclamatif.] Exclamatory. Earle. -- Ex*clam"a*tive*ly, adv.

Ex*clam"a*to*ry (?), a. Containing, expressing, or using exclamation; as, an exclamatory phrase or speaker. South. -- Ex*clam"a*to*ti*ly (#), adv.

Ex*clave" (?), n. [Formed fr. enclave by substitution of ex- for en-] A portion of a country which is separated from the main part and surrounded by politically alien territory. [Recent.]

The same territory is an enclave in respect to the surrounding country and an exclave with respect to the country to which it is politically attached.

Ex*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Excluding.] [L. excludere, exclusum; ex out + claudere to shut. See Close.] 1. To shut out; to hinder from entrance or admission; to debar from participation or enjoyment; to deprive of; to except; -- the opposite to admit; as, to exclude a crowd from a room or house; to exclude the light; to exclude one nation from the ports of another; to exclude a taxpayer from the privilege of voting.

And none but such, from mercy I exclude.

Milton.

2. To thrust out or eject; to expel; as, to exclude young animals from the womb or from eggs.

Excluded middle. (logic) The name given to the third of the "three logical axioms," so-called, namely, to that one which is expressed by the formula: "Everything is either A or Not-A." no third state or condition being involved or allowed. See Principle of contradiction, under Contradiction.

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Ex*clu"sion (?), n. [L. exclusio: cf. F. exclusion. See Exclude.] 1. The act of excluding, or of shutting out, whether by thrusting out or by preventing admission; a debarring; rejection; prohibition; the state of being excluded.

His sad exclusion from the doors of bliss.

Milton.

The exclusion of the duke from the crown of England and Ireland.

Hume.

2. (Physiol.) The act of expelling or ejecting a fetus or an egg from the womb.

3. Thing emitted. Sir T. Browne.

Ex*clu"sion*a*ry (?), a. Tending to exclude; causing exclusion; exclusive.

Ex*clu"sion*ism (?), n. The character, manner, or principles of an exclusionist.

Ex*clu"sion*ist, n. One who would exclude another from some right or privilege; esp., one of the anti- popish politicians of the time of Charles II.

Ex*clu"sive (?) a. [Cf. F. exclusif.] 1. Having the power of preventing entrance; debarring from participation or enjoyment; possessed and enjoyed to the exclusion of others; as, exclusive bars; exclusive privilege; exclusive circles of society.

2. Not taking into the account; excluding from consideration; -- opposed to inclusive; as, five thousand troops, exclusive of artillery.

Ex*clu"sive, n. One of a coterie who exclude others; one who from real of affected fastidiousness limits his acquaintance to a select few.

Ex*clu"sive*ness, n. Quality of being exclusive.

Ex*clu"siv*ism (?), n. The act or practice of excluding being exclusive; exclusiveness.

Ex*clu"siv*ist, n. One who favor or practices any from of exclusiveness or exclusivism.

The field of Greek mythology . . . the favorite sporting ground of the exclusivists of the solar theory.

Gladstone.

Ex*clu"so*ry (?), a. [L. exclusorius.] Able to exclude; excluding; serving to exclude.

Ex*coct" (?) v. t. [L. excoctus, p. p. of excoquere to excoct. See 3d Cook.] To boil out; to produce by boiling. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex*coc"tion (?). [L. excoctio.] The act of excocting or boiling out. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex*cog"i*tate (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excogitated (#); p. pr. & vb. n.. Excogitating.] [L. excogitatus, p. p. of excogitare to excogitate; ex out + cogitare to think. See Cogitate.] To think out; to find out or discover by thinking; to devise; to contrive. "Excogitate strange arts." Stirling.

This evidence . . . thus excogitated out of the general theory.

Whewell.

Ex*cog"i*tate, v. i. To cogitate. [R.] Bacon.

Ex*cog`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. excogitatio: cf. F. excogitation.] The act of excogitating; a devising in the thoughts; invention; contrivance.

Ex`com*mune" (?) v. t. [Cf. F. excommuier. See Excommunicate.] To exclude from participation in; to excommunicate. [Obs.]

Poets . . . were excommuned Plato's common wealth

Gayton.

Ex`com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. [See Excommunicate.] Liable or deserving to be excommunicated; making excommunication possible or proper. "Persons excommunicable ." Bp. Hall.

What offenses are excommunicable ?

Kenle.

Ex`com*mu"ni*cant (?), n. One who has been excommunicated.

Ex"com*mu"ni*cate (?), a. [L. excommunicatus, p. p. of communicare to excommunicate; ex out + communicare. See Communicate.] Excommunicated; interdicted from the rites of the church. -- n. One excommunicated.

Thou shalt stand cursed and excommunicate.

Shak.

Ex`com*mu"ni*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excommunicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excommunicating (?).] 1. To put out of communion; especially, to cut off, or shut out, from communion with the church, by an ecclesiastical sentence.

2. To lay under the ban of the church; to interdict.

Martin the Fifth . . . was the first that excommunicated the reading of heretical books.

Miltin.

Ex`com*mu`ni*ca"tion (?), n. [L. excommunicatio: cf. F. excommunication.] The act of communicating or ejecting; esp., an ecclesiastical censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual.

excommunication is of two kinds, the lesser and the greater; the lesser excommunication is a separation or suspension from partaking of the Eucharist; the greater is an absolute execution of the offender from the church and all its rights and advantages, even from social intercourse with the faithful.

Ex`com*mu"ni*ca`tor (?) n. [Cf. LL. excommunicator.] One who excommunicates.

Ex`com*mun"ion (?). A shutting out from communion; excommunication. [Obs.]

Excommunication is the utmost of ecclesiastical judicature.

Milton.

Ex*co"ri*a*ble (?). Capable of being excoriated.

The scaly covering of fishes, . . . even in such as are excoriatable.

Sir T. Browne.

Ex*co"ri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excoriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. excoriating (?).] [L. excoriare; ex out + corium hide. cf. Scourge; see Cuirass.] To strip or wear off the skin of; to abrade; to gall; to break and remove the cuticle of, in any manner, as by rubbing, beating, or by the action of acrid substances.

Ex*co`ri*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. excoriation.] 1. The act of excoriating or flaying, or state of being excoriated, or stripped of the skin; abrasion.

2. Stripping of possession; spoliation. [Obs.]

A pitiful excoriation of the poorer sort.

Howell.

Ex*cor"ti*cate (?), v. t. [L. ex out, from + cortex, corticis, bark.] To strip of bark or skin; to decorticate. [Obs.] "Excorticate the tree." Evelyn.

Ex*cor`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. excortication.] The act of stripping off bark, or the state of being thus stripped; decortication.

Ex"cre*a*ble (?), a. [L. excreabilis, exscreabilis, fr. exscreare. See Excreate.] Capable of being discharged by spitting. [Obs.] Swift.

Ex"cre*ate (?), v. t. [L. excreare, exsreare; ex out + screare to hawk.] To spit out; to discharge from the throat by hawking and spitting. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex`cre*a"tion (?), n. [L. excreatio, exscreatio.] Act of spitting out. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex"cre*ment (?), n. [L. excrementum, fr. excernere, excretum, to skin out, discharge: cf. F. excrément. See Excrete.] Matter excreted and ejected; that which is excreted or cast out of the animal body by any of the natural emunctories; especially, alvine, discharges; dung; ordure.

Ex"cre*ment, n. [L. excrementum, fr. excrescere, excretum, to grow out. See Excrescence.] An excrescence or appendage; an outgrowth. [Obs.] "Ornamental excrements." Fuller.

Living creatures put forth (after their period of growth) nothing that is young but hair and nails, which are excrements and no parts.

Bacon.

Ex`cre*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to excrement.

{ Ex`cre*men*ti"tial (?), Ex`cre*men*ti"tious (?), } a. (Physiol.) Pertaining to, or consisting of, excrement; of the nature of excrement.

Ex`cre*men"tive (?), a. Serving to excrete; connected with excretion or excrement. [R.] "The excrementive parts." Felthman.

Ex"cre*ment*ize` (?) v. i. To void excrement. [R.] Life of A. Wood &?;.

Ex*cres"cence (?) n. [F. excrescence, excroissanse, L. excrescentia excrescences, neut. pl. of p. pr. of excrescere. See Excrescent.] An excrescent appendage, as, a wart or tumor; anything growing out unnaturally from anything else; a preternatural or morbid development; hence, a troublesome superfluity; an incumbrance; as, an excrescence on the body, or on a plant. "Excrescences of joy." Jer. Taylor.

The excrescences of the Spanish monarchy.

Addison.

Ex*cres"cen*cy (?), n. Excrescence. [Obs.]

Ex*cres"cent (?), a. [L. excresens, -entis, p. pr. of excrescere to grow out ; ex out + crescere to grow. See Crescent.] Growing out in an abnormal or morbid manner or as a superfluity.

Expunge the whole, or lip the excrescent parts.

Pope.

Excrescent letter (Philol.), a letter which has been added to a root; as, the d in alder (AS. alr) is an excrescent letter.

Ex`cres*cen"tial (?) a. Pertaining to, or resembling, an excrescence. [R.] Hawthorne.

||Ex*cre"ta (?), n. pl. [L.] Matters to be excreted.

Ex*crete" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excreting.] [L. excretus, p. p. of excernere to sift out, discharge; ex out + cernere to sift, separate. See Crisis.] To separate and throw off; to excrete urine. "The mucus thus excreted." Hooper.

Ex"cre*tin (?), n. [From Excrete.] (physiol. Chem.) A nonnitrogenous, crystalline body, present in small quantity in human fæces.

Ex*cre"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. excrétion.] 1. The act of excreting.

To promote secretion and excretion.

Pereira.

2. That which is excreted; excrement. Bacon.

Ex*cre"tive (?), a. Having the power of excreting, or promoting excretion. Harvey.

Ex*cre"to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. excrétoire.] Having the quality of excreting, or throwing off excrementitious matter.

Ex*cru"ci*a*ble (?), a. [L. excruciabilis.] Liable to torment. [R.] Bailey.

Ex*cru"ci*ate (?), a. [L. excruciatus, p. p. of excruciare to excruciate; ex out + cruciare to put to death on a cross, to torment. See Cruciate, Cross.] Excruciated; tortured.

And here my heart long time excruciate.

Chapman.

Ex*cru"ci*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excruciated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excruciating (?).] To inflict agonizing pain upon; to torture; to torment greatly; to rack; as, to excruciate the heart or the body.

Their thoughts, like devils, them excruciate.

Drayton.

Ex*cru"ci*a`ting (?). Torturing; racking. "Excruciating pain." V. Knox. "Excruciating fears." Bentley -- Ex*cru"ci*a`ting*ly, adv.

Ex*cru`ci*a"tion (?) n. [L. excruciatio.] The act of inflicting agonizing pain, or the state of being thus afflicted; that which excruciates; torture. Feltham.

Ex`cu*ba"tion (?) n. [L. excubatio, fr. excubare to lie out on guard; ex out on guard; ex out + cubare to lie down.] A keeping watch. [Obs.] Bailey.

||Ex*cu`bi*to"ri*um (?), n. [LL. excubitorium; ex out + cubare, cubitum, to lie.] (Eccl. Antiq.) A gallery in a church, where persons watched all night.

Ex*cul"pa*ble (?). Capable of being exculpated; deserving exculpation. Sir G. Buck.

Ex*cul"pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exculpated (?), p. pr. & vb. n.. Exculpating (&?;).] [L. ex out + culpatus, p. p. of culpare to find fault with, to blame, culpa fault. See Culpable.] To clear from alleged fault or guilt; to prove to be guiltless; to relieve of blame; to acquit.

He exculpated himself from being the author of the heroic epistle.

Mason.

I exculpate him further for his writing against me.

Milman.

Syn. -- To exonerate; absolve; clear; acquit; excuse; vindicate; justify.

Ex`cul*pa"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. exculpatio.] The act of exculpating from alleged fault or crime; that which exculpates; excuse.

These robbers, however, were men who might have made out a strong case in exculpation of themselves.

Southey.

Ex*cul"pa*to*ry (?). Clearing, or tending to clear, from alleged fault or guilt; excusing. "An exculpatory letter." Johnson.

Ex*cur" (?) v. i. [L. excurrere. See Excurrent.] To run out or forth; to extend. [Obs.] Harvey.