Chapter 102

Ex*an"nu*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + annulate.] (Bot.) Having the sporangium destitute of a ring; -- said of certain genera of ferns.

Ex*an"them (?), n. Same as Exanthema.

||Ex`an*the"ma (?), n.; pl. Exanthemata (#). [L., fr. Gr.&?;, fr.&?; to burst forth as flowers, break out, as ulcers; &?;, &?;, out + 'anqei^n to bloom, 'a`nqos flower: cf. F. exanthème.] (Med.) An efflorescence or discoloration of the skin; an eruption or breaking out, as in measles, smallpox, scarlatina, and the like diseases; -- sometimes limited to eruptions attended with fever. Dunglison.

{ Ex*an`the*mat"ic (?), Ex`an*them"a*tous (?), } a. Of, relating to, or characterized by, exanthema; efflorescent; as, an exanthematous eruption.

||Ex`an*the"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; . See Exanthema. ] (Med.) An eruption of the skin; cutaneous efflorescence.

Ex*ant"late (?), v. t. [L. exantlatus, p. p. of exantlare, exanclare, to endure.] To exhaust or wear out. [Obs.] "Seeds . . . wearied or exantlated." Boyle.

Ex`ant*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. exantlation.] Act of drawing out ; exhaustion. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex"a*rate (?), v. t. [L. exaratus, p. p. of exarare to plow up, to write; ex out + arare to plow.] To plow up; also, to engrave; to write. [Obs.] Blount.

Ex`a*ra"tion (?), n. [L. exaratio.] Act of plowing; also, act of writing. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ex"arch (?), n. [L. exarchus, Gr. &?; &?; commander; &?;,&?;, out + &?; to lead, rule: cf. F. exarque.] A viceroy; in Ravenna, the title of the viceroys of the Byzantine emperors; in the Eastern Church, the superior over several monasteries; in the modern Greek Church, a deputy of the patriarch , who visits the clergy, investigates ecclesiastical cases, etc.

Ex*ar"chate (?), n. [LL. exarchatus, fr. L. exarchus: cf. F. exarchat.] The office or the province of an exarch. Jer. Taylor.

Ex*ar"il*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + arillate.] (Bot.) Having no aril; -- said of certain seeds, or of the plants producing them.

Ex`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + articulate.] (Zoöl.) Having but one joint; -- said of certain insects.

Ex`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [Pref. ex- + articulation.] Luxation; the dislocation of a joint. Bailey.

Ex*as"per*ate (?), a. [L. exasperatus, p. p. of exsasperare to roughen, exasperate; ex out (intens.) + asperare to make rough, asper rough. See Asperity.] Exasperated; imbittered. [Obs.] Shak.

Like swallows which the exasperate dying year Sets spinning.

Mrs. Browning.

Ex*as"per*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exsasperated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exasperating (?).] 1. To irritate in a high degree; to provoke; to enrage; to excite or to inflame the anger of; as, to exasperate a person or his feelings.

To exsasperate them against the king of France.

Addison.

2. To make grievous, or more grievous or malignant; to aggravate; to imbitter; as, to exasperate enmity.

To exasperate the ways of death.

Sir T. Browne.

Syn. -- To irritate; provoke. See Irritate.

Ex*as"per*a`ter (?), n. One who exasperates or inflames anger, enmity, or violence.

Ex*as`per*a"tion (?), n. [L. exasperatio: cf. F. exaspération.] 1. The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated; irritation; keen or bitter anger.

Extorted from him by the exasperation of his spirits.

South.

2. Increase of violence or malignity; aggravation; exacerbation. "Exasperation of the fits." Sir H. Wotton.

Ex`as*pid"e*an (?), a. [Gr. &?; out + &?;, &?;, a shield.] (Zoöl.) Having the anterior scutes extending around the tarsus on the outer side, leaving the inner side naked; -- said of certain birds.

Ex*auc"tor*ate (?), v. t. See Exauthorate. [Obs.]

Ex*auc`tor*a"tion (?), n. See Exauthoration.

Ex*au"gu*rate (?), v. t. [L. exauguratus, p. p. of exaugurare to profane; ex out + augurari to act as an augur, fr. augur. ] To annul the consecration of; to secularize; to unhellow. [Obs.] Holland.

Ex*au`gu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. exauguratio desecration.] The act of exaugurating; desecration. [Obs.]

Ex*au"thor*ate (?), v. t. [L. exauctoratus, p. p. of exauctorare to dismiss; ex out + auctorare to bind to something, to hire, fr. auctor. See Author.] To deprive of authority or office; to depose; to discharge. [Obs.]

Exauthorated for their unworthiness.

Jer. Taylor.

Ex*au`thor*a"tion (?), n. Deprivation of authority or dignity; degration. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Ex*au"thor*ize (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + authorize.] To deprive of uthority. [Obs.] Selden.

Ex*au"thor*ize (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + authorize.] To deprive of authority. [Obs.] Selden.

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Ex*cal"ce*ate (?), v. t. [L. excalceatus, p. p. of excalceare to unshoe. See Calceated.] To deprive of shoes. [Obs.] Chambers.

Ex*cal`ce*a"tion (?), n. The act of depriving or divesting of shoes. [Obs.] Chambers.

Ex`cal*fac"tion (?), n. [L. excalfactio.] A heating or warming; calefaction. [Obs.] Blount.

Ex`cal*fac"tive (?), a. [L. excalfacere to warm; ex out (intens.) + calfacere to warm.] Serving to heat; warming. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Ex`cal*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L. excalfactorius.] Heating; warming. [Obs.] Holland.

Ex*cal"i*bur (?), n. The name of King Arthur's mythical sword. [Written also Excalibar, Excalibor, Escalibar, and Caliburn.] Tennyson.

{ Ex*camb" (?), Ex*cam"bie (?), } v. t. [LL. excambiare, excambire; L. ex out + cambire. See Change, and cf. Exchange.] (Scots Law) To exchange; -- used with reference to transfers of land.

{ ||Ex*cam"bi*on (?), ||Ex*cam"bi*um (?), } n. [LL. excambium. See Excamb.] (Scots Law) Exchange; barter; -- used commonly of lands.

Ex`can*des"cence (?), n. [L. excandescentia.] 1. A growing hot; a white or glowing heat; incandescence. [R.]

2. Violent anger; a growing angry. [Obs.] Blount.

Ex`can*des"cent (?), a. [L. excandescens, p. pr. of excandescere to take fire, glow; ex out (intens.) + candescere to begin to glisten or glow, fr. candere. See Candid.] White or glowing with heat. [R.] Ure.

Ex`can*ta"tion (?), n. [L. excantare to charm out. See Ex&?;, and Chant.] Disenchantment by a countercharm. [Obs.] Gayton.

Ex*car"nate (?), v. t. [LL. excarnatus, p. p. of excarnare; L. ex out + caro, carnis, flesh.] To deprive or clear of flesh. Grew.

Ex`car*na"tion (?), n. The act of depriving or divesting of flesh; excarnification; -- opposed to incarnation.

Ex*car"ni*fi*cate (?), v. t. [L. ex out + LL. carnificatus, p. p. carnificare to carnify; cf. L. excarnificare to tear to pieces, torment. See Carnify.] To clear of flesh; to excarnate. Dr. H. More.

Ex*car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of excarnificating or of depriving of flesh; excarnation. Johnson.

Ex"ca*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excavated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excavating(?).] [L. excavatus, p. p. of excavare to excavate; ex out + cavare to make hollow, cavus hollow. See Cave.] 1. To hollow out; to form cavity or hole in; to make hollow by cutting, scooping, or digging; as, to excavate a ball; to excavate the earth.

2. To form by hollowing; to shape, as a cavity, or anything that is hollow; as, to excavate a canoe, a cellar, a channel.

3. (Engin.) To dig out and remove, as earth.

The material excavated was usually sand.

E. L. Corthell.

Excavating pump, a kind of dredging apparatus for excavating under water, in which silt and loose material mixed with water are drawn up by a pump. Knight.

Ex`ca*va"tion (?), n. [L. excavatio: cf. F. excavation.] 1. The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass.

2. A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping. "A winding excavation." Glover.

3. (Engin.) (a) An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel. (b) The material dug out in making a channel or cavity.

The delivery of the excavations at a distance of 250 feet.

E. L. Corthell.

Ex"ca*va`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, excavates or hollows out; a machine, as a dredging machine, or a tool, for excavating.

Ex*cave" (?), v. t. [L. excavare.] To excavate. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex*ce"cate (?), v. t. [L. excaecatus, p. p. of excaecare to blind; ex (intens.) + caecare to blind, caecus blind.] To blind. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex`ce*ca"tion (?), n. The act of making blind. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson.

Ex*ced"ent (?), n. [L. excedens, -entis, p. pr. of excedere. See Exceed, v. t.] Excess. [R.]

Ex*ceed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exceeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exceeding.] [L. excedere, excessum, to go away or beyond; ex out + cedere to go, to pass: cf. F. excéder. See Cede.] To go beyond; to proceed beyond the given or supposed limit or measure of; to outgo; to surpass; -- used both in a good and a bad sense; as, one man exceeds another in bulk, stature, weight, power, skill, etc.; one offender exceeds another in villainy; his rank exceeds yours.

Name the time, but let it not Exceed three days.

Shak.

Observes how much a chintz exceeds mohair.

Pope.

Syn. -- To outdo; surpass; excel; transcend; outstrip; outvie; overtop.

Ex*ceed", v. i. 1. To go too far; to pass the proper bounds or measure. "In our reverence to whom, we can not possibly exceed." Jer. Taylor.

Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed.

Deut. xxv. 3.

2. To be more or greater; to be paramount. Shak.

Ex*ceed"a*ble (?), a. Capable of exceeding or surpassing. [Obs.] Sherwood.

Ex*ceed"er (?), n. One who exceeds. Bp. Montagu.

Ex*ceed"ing, a. More than usual; extraordinary; more than sufficient; measureless. "The exceeding riches of his grace." Eph. ii. 7. -- Ex*ceed"ing*ness, n. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Ex*ceed"ing, adv. In a very great degree; extremely; exceedingly. [Archaic. It is not joined to verbs.] "The voice exceeding loud." Keble.

His raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow.

Mark ix. 3.

The Genoese were exceeding powerful by sea.

Sir W. Raleigh.

Ex*ceed"ing*ly (?), adv. To a very great degree; beyond what is usual; surpassingly. It signifies more than very.

Ex*cel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excelled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excelling.] [L. excellere, excelsum; ex out + a root found in culmen height, top; cf. F. exceller. See Culminate, Column.] 1. To go beyond or surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds; to outdo or outgo, in a good sense.

Excelling others, these were great; Thou, greater still, must these excel.

Prior.

I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness.

Eccl. ii. 13.

2. To exceed or go beyond; to surpass.

She opened; but to shut Excelled her power; the gates wide open stood.

Milton.

Ex*cel", v. i. To surpass others in good qualities, laudable actions, or acquirements; to be distinguished by superiority; as, to excel in mathematics, or classics.

Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel.

Gen. xlix. 4.

Then peers grew proud in horsemanship t' excel.

Pope.

Ex"cel*lence (?), n. [F. excellence, L. excellentia.] 1. The quality of being excellent; state of possessing good qualities in an eminent degree; exalted merit; superiority in virtue.

Consider first that great Or bright infers not excellence.

Milton.

2. An excellent or valuable quality; that by which any one excels or is eminent; a virtue.

With every excellence refined.

Beattie.

3. A title of honor or respect; -- more common in the form excellency.

I do greet your excellence With letters of commission from the king.

Shak.

Syn. -- Superiority; preëminence; perfection; worth; goodness; purity; greatness.

Ex"cel*len*cy (?), n.; pl. Excellencies (&?;). 1. Excellence; virtue; dignity; worth; superiority.

His excellency is over Israel.

Ps. lxviii. 34.

Extinguish in men the sense of their own excellency.

Hooker.

2. A title of honor given to certain high dignitaries, esp. to viceroys, ministers, and ambassadors, to English colonial governors, etc. It was formerly sometimes given to kings and princes.

Ex"cel*lent (?), a. [F. excellent, L. excellens, -entis, p. pr. of excellere. See Excel.] 1. Excelling; surpassing others in some good quality or the sum of qualities; of great worth; eminent, in a good sense; superior; as, an excellent man, artist, citizen, husband, discourse, book, song, etc.; excellent breeding, principles, aims, action.

To love . . . What I see excellent in good or fair.

Milton.

2. Superior in kind or degree, irrespective of moral quality; -- used with words of a bad significance. [Obs. or Ironical] "An excellent hypocrite." Hume.

Their sorrows are most excellent.

Beau. & Fl.

Syn. -- Worthy; choice; prime; valuable; select; exquisite; transcendent; admirable; worthy.

Ex"cel*lent, adv. Excellently; eminently; exceedingly. [Obs.] "This comes off well and excellent." Shak.

Ex"cel*lent*ly, adv. 1. In an excellent manner; well in a high degree.

2. In a high or superior degree; -- in this literal use, not implying worthiness. [Obs.]

When the whole heart is excellently sorry.

J. Fletcher.

||Ex*cel"si*or, a. [L., compar. of excelsus elevated, lofty, p. p. of excellere. See Excel, v. t.] More lofty; still higher; ever upward.

Ex*cel"si*or, n. A kind of stuffing for upholstered furniture, mattresses, etc., in which curled shreds of wood are substituted for curled hair.

Ex*cen"tral (?), a. [Pref. ex- + central.] (Bot.) Out of the center.

{ Ex*cen"tric (?), Ex*cen"tric*al (?), } a. 1. Same as Eccentric, Eccentrical.

2. (Bot.) One-sided; having the normally central portion not in the true center. Gray.

Ex`cen*tric"i*ty (?). (Math.) Same as Eccentricity.

Ex*cept" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excepting.] [L. exceptus, p. p. of excipere to take or draw out, to except; ex out + capere to take: cf. F. excepter. See Capable.] 1. To take or leave out (anything) from a number or a whole as not belonging to it; to exclude; to omit.

Who never touched The excepted tree.

Milton.

Wherein (if we only except the unfitness of the judge) all other things concurred.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. To object to; to protest against. [Obs.] Shak.

Ex*cept", v. i. To take exception; to object; -- usually followed by to, sometimes by against; as, to except to a witness or his testimony.

Except thou wilt except against my love.

Shak.

Ex*cept", prep. [Originally past participle, or verb in the imperative mode.] With exclusion of; leaving or left out; excepting.

God and his Son except, Created thing naught valued he nor . . . shunned.

Milton.

Syn. -- Except, Excepting, But, Save, Besides. Excepting, except, but, and save are exclusive. Except marks exclusion more pointedly. "I have finished all the letters except one," is more marked than "I have finished all the letters but one." Excepting is the same as except, but less used. Save is chiefly found in poetry. Besides (lit., by the side of) is in the nature of addition. "There is no one here except or but him," means, take him away and there is nobody present. "There is nobody here besides him," means, he is present and by the side of, or in addition to, him is nobody. "Few ladies, except her Majesty, could have made themselves heard." In this example, besides should be used, not except.

Ex*cept" (?), conj. Unless; if it be not so that.

And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.

Gen. xxxii. 26.

But yesterday you never opened lip, Except, indeed, to drink.

Tennyson.

As a conjunction unless has mostly taken the place of except.

Ex*cept"ant (?), a. Making exception.

Ex*cept"ing, prep. & conj., but properly a participle. With rejection or exception of; excluding; except. "Excepting your worship's presence." Shak.

No one was ever yet made utterly miserable, excepting by himself.

Lubbock.

Ex*cep"tion (?), n. [L. exceptio: cf. F. exception.] 1. The act of excepting or excluding; exclusion; restriction by taking out something which would otherwise be included, as in a class, statement, rule.

2. That which is excepted or taken out from others; a person, thing, or case, specified as distinct, or not included; as, almost every general rule has its exceptions.

Such rare exceptions, shining in the dark, Prove, rather than impeach, the just remark.

Cowper.

Often with to.

That proud exception to all nature's laws.

Pope.

3. (Law) An objection, oral or written, taken, in the course of an action, as to bail or security; or as to the decision of a judge, in the course of a trail, or in his charge to a jury; or as to lapse of time, or scandal, impertinence, or insufficiency in a pleading; also, as in conveyancing, a clause by which the grantor excepts something before granted. Burrill.

4. An objection; cavil; dissent; disapprobation; offense; cause of offense; -- usually followed by to or against.

I will never answer what exceptions they can have against our account [relation].

Bentley.

He . . . took exception to the place of their burial.

Bacon.

She takes exceptions at your person.

Shak.

Bill of exceptions (Law), a statement of exceptions to the decision, or instructions of a judge in the trial of a cause, made for the purpose of putting the points decided on record so as to bring them before a superior court or the full bench for review.

Ex*cep"tion*a*ble (?), a. Liable to exception or objection; objectionable. -- Ex*cep"tion*a*ble*ness, n.

This passage I look upon to be the most exceptionable in the whole poem.

Addison.

Ex*cep"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. exceptionnel.] Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare; hence, better than the average; superior. Lyell.

This particular spot had exceptional advantages.

Jowett (Th. )

-- Ex*cep"tion*al*ly(#), adv.

Ex*cep"tion*er (?), n. One who takes exceptions or makes objections. [Obs.] Milton.

Ex*cep"tion*less, a. Without exception.

A universal, . . . exceptionless disqualification.

Bancroft.

Ex*cep"tious (?), a. Disposed or apt to take exceptions, or to object; captious. [Obs.]

At least effectually silence the doubtful and exceptious.

South.

-- Ex*cep"tious*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.

Ex*cept"ive (?), a. That excepts; including an exception; as, an exceptive proposition. I. Watts.

A particular and exceptive law.

Milton.

Ex*cept"less, a. Not exceptional; usual. [Obs.]

My general and exceptless rashness.

Shak.

Ex*cept"or (?), n. [L., a scribe.] One who takes exceptions. T. Burnet.

Ex*cer`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. excerebratus deprived of brains; ex out + cerebrum brain.] The act of removing or beating out the brains.

Ex*cer"e*brose` (?), a. [See Excerebration.] Brainless. [R.]

Ex*cern" (?), v. t. [L. excernere. See Excrete.] To excrete; to throw off through the pores; as, fluids are excerned in perspiration. [R.] Bacon.

Ex*cern"ent (?), a. [See Excern.] (Physiol.) Connected with, or pertaining to, excretion.

Ex*cerp" (?), v. t. [L. excerpere, excerptum; ex out + carpere to pick, gather. See Harvest, and cf. Scarce, a.] To pick out. [Obs.] Hales.

Ex*cerpt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excerpted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excerpting.] [From L. excerptus, p. p. See Excerp.] To select; to extract; to cite; to quote.

Out of which we have excerpted the following particulars.

Fuller.

Ex*cerp"t (277), n. An extract; a passage selected or copied from a book or record.

||Ex*cerp"tion (?), n. [L. excerptio.] 1. The act of excerpting or selecting. [R.]

2. That which is selected or gleaned; an extract. [R.]

His excerptions out of the Fathers.

Fuller.

Ex*cerp"tive (?), a. That excerpts, selects, or chooses. D. L. Mackenzie.

Ex*cerp"tor (?), n. One who makes excerpts; a picker; a culler.

Ex*cess" (?), n. [OE. exces, excess, ecstasy, L. excessus a going out, loss of self- possession, fr. excedere, excessum, to go out, go beyond: cf. F. excès. See Exceed.] 1. The state of surpassing or going beyond limits; the being of a measure beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; that which exceeds what is usual or proper; immoderateness; superfluity; superabundance; extravagance; as, an excess of provisions or of light.

To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, To throw a perfume on the violet, . . . Is wasteful and ridiculous excess.

Shak.

That kills me with excess of grief, this with excess of joy.

Walsh.

2. An undue indulgence of the appetite; transgression of proper moderation in natural gratifications; intemperance; dissipation.

Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess.

Eph. v. 18.

Thy desire . . . leads to no excess That reaches blame.

Milton.

3. The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another; remainder; as, the difference between two numbers is the excess of one over the other.

Spherical excess (Geom.), the amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the triangle.

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Ex*cess"ive (k*ss"v), a. [Cf. F. excessif.] Characterized by, or exhibiting, excess; overmuch.

Excessive grief [is] the enemy to the living.

Shak.

Syn. -- Undue; exorbitant; extreme; overmuch; enormous; immoderate; monstrous; intemperate; unreasonable. See Enormous

--Ex*cess*ive*ly, adv. - Ex*cess"ive*ness, n.

Ex*change" (ks*chnj"), n. [OE. eschange, eschaunge, OF. eschange, fr. eschangier, F. échanger, to exchange; pref. ex- out + F. changer. See Change, and cf. Excamb.] 1. The act of giving or taking one thing in return for another which is regarded as an equivalent; as, an exchange of cattle for grain.

2. The act of substituting one thing in the place of another; as, an exchange of grief for joy, or of a scepter for a sword, and the like; also, the act of giving and receiving reciprocally; as, an exchange of civilities or views.

3. The thing given or received in return; esp., a publication exchanged for another. Shak.

4. (Com.) The process of setting accounts or debts between parties residing at a distance from each other, without the intervention of money, by exchanging orders or drafts, called bills of exchange. These may be drawn in one country and payable in another, in which case they are called foreign bills; or they may be drawn and made payable in the same country, in which case they are called inland bills. The term bill of exchange is often abbreviated into exchange; as, to buy or sell exchange.

A in London is creditor to B in New York, and C in London owes D in New York a like sum. A in London draws a bill of exchange on B in New York; C in London purchases the bill, by which A receives his debt due from B in New York. C transmits the bill to D in New York, who receives the amount from B.

5. (Law) A mutual grant of equal interests, the one in consideration of the other. Estates exchanged must be equal in quantity, as fee simple for fee simple. Blackstone.

6. The place where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a city meet at certain hours, to transact business. In this sense often contracted to 'Change.

Arbitration of exchange. See under Arbitration. -- Bill of exchange. See under Bill. -- Exchange broker. See under Broker. -- Par of exchange, the established value of the coin or standard of value of one country when expressed in the coin or standard of another, as the value of the pound sterling in the currency of France or the United States. The par of exchange rarely varies, and serves as a measure for the rise and fall of exchange that is affected by the demand and supply. Exchange is at par when, for example, a bill in New York, for the payment of one hundred pounds sterling in London, can be purchased for the sum. Exchange is in favor of a place when it can be purchased there at or above par. -- Telephone exchange, a central office in which the wires of any two telephones or telephone stations may be connected to permit conversation.

Syn. -- Barter; dealing; trade; traffic; interchange.

Ex*change", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exchanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exchanging (?).] [Cf.OF. eschangier, F. échanger. See Exchange, n.] 1. To part with give, or transfer to another in consideration of something received as an equivalent; -- usually followed by for before the thing received.

Exchange his sheep for shells, or wool for a sparking pebble or a diamond.

Locke.