Chapter 94

{ Cray (krā), Cray"er (-&etilde;r) }, n. See Crare. [Obs.]

Cray"fish (krā"f&ibreve;sh), n. (Zo÷l.) See Crawfish.

Cray"on (krā"?n), n. [F., a crayon, a lead pencil (crayon ContÚ ContÚ's pencil, i. e., one made a black compound invented by ContÚ), fr. craie chalk, L. creta; said to be, properly, Cretan earth, fr. Creta the island Crete. Cf. Cretaceous.] 1. An implement for drawing, made of clay and plumbago, or of some preparation of chalk, usually sold in small prisms or cylinders.

Let no day pass over you . . . without giving some strokes of the pencil or the crayon. Dryden.

&fist; The black crayon gives a deeper black than the lead pencil. This and the colored crayons are often called chalks. The red crayon is also called sanguine. See Chalk, and Sanguine.

2. A crayon drawing.

3. (Electricity) A pencil of carbon used in producing electric light.

Crayon board, cardboard with a surface prepared for crayon drawing. -- Crayon drawing, the act or art of drawing with crayons; a drawing made with crayons.

Cray"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crayoned (-?nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Crayoning.] [Cf. F. crayonner.] To sketch, as with a crayon; to sketch or plan.

He soon afterwards composed that discourse, conformably to the plan which he had crayoned out. Malone.

Craze (krāz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crazed (krāzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Crazing.] [OE. crasen to break, fr. Scand., perh. through OF.; cf. Sw. krasa to crackle, slň i kras, to break to pieces, F. Úcraser to crush, fr. the Scand. Cf. Crash.] 1. To break into pieces; to crush; to grind to powder. See Crase.

God, looking forth, will trouble all his host, And craze their chariot wheels. Milton.

2. To weaken; to impair; to render decrepit. [Obs.]

Till length of years, And sedentary numbness, craze my limbs. Milton.

3. To derange the intellect of; to render insane.

Any man . . . that is crazed and out of his wits. Tilloston.

Grief hath crazed my wits. Shak.

Craze, v. i. 1. To be crazed, or to act or appear as one that is crazed; to rave; to become insane.

She would weep and he would craze. Keats.

2. To crack, as the glazing of porcelain or pottery.

Craze, n. 1. Craziness; insanity.

2. A strong habitual desire or fancy; a crotchet.

It was quite a craze with him [Burns] to have his Jean dressed genteelly. Prof. Wilson.

3. A temporary passion or infatuation, as for same new amusement, pursuit, or fashion; as, the bric-a-brac craze; the Šsthetic craze.

Various crazes concerning health and disease. W. Pater.

Craz"ed*ness (-?d-n?s), n. A broken state; decrepitude; an impaired state of the intellect.

{ Craze"-mill` (krāz"m&ibreve;l`), Craz"ing-mill` (kr?"z?ng-) }, n. [See 1st Craze.] A mill for grinding tin ore.

Cra"zi*ly (krā"z&ibreve;*l&ybreve;), adv. In a crazy manner.

Cra"zi*ness, n. 1. The state of being broken down or weakened; as, the craziness of a ship, or of the limbs.

2. The state of being broken in mind; imbecility or weakness of intellect; derangement.

Cra"zy (krā"z&ybreve;), a. [From Craze.] 1. Characterized by weakness or feebleness; decrepit; broken; falling to decay; shaky; unsafe.

Piles of mean andcrazy houses. Macaulay.

One of great riches, but a crazy constitution. Addison.

They . . . got a crazy boat to carry them to the island. Jeffrey.

2. Broken, weakened, or dissordered in intellect; shattered; demented; deranged.

Over moist and crazy brains. Hudibras.

3. Inordinately desirous; foolishly eager. [Colloq.]

The girls were crazy to be introduced to him. R. B. Kimball.

Crazy bone, the bony projection at the end of the elbow (olecranon), behind which passes the ulnar nerve; -- so called on account of the curiously painful tingling felt, when, in a particular position, it receives a blow; -- called also funny bone. -- Crazy quilt, a bedquilt made of pieces of silk or other material of various sizes, shapes, and colors, fancifully stitched together without definite plan or arrangement.

Cre"a*ble (kr?"?-b'l), a. [L. creabilis, from creare to create. See Create.] Capable of being created. [Obs.] I. Watts.

Creaght (kr?t), n. [Ir. & Gael. graidh, graigh.] A drove or herd. [Obs.] Haliwell.

Creaght, v. i. To graze. [Obs.] Sir. L. Davies.

Creak (krēk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Creaked (krēkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Creaking.] [OE. creken, prob. of imitative origin; cf. E. crack, and. D. krieken to crackle, chirp.] To make a prolonged sharp grating or squeaking sound, as by the friction of hard substances; as, shoes creak.

The creaking locusts with my voice conspire. Dryden.

Doors upon their hinges creaked. Tennyson.

Creak, v. t. To produce a creaking sound with.

Creaking my shoes on the plain masonry. Shak.

Creak (krēk), n. The sound produced by anything that creaks; a creaking. Roget.

Creak"ing, n. A harsh grating or squeaking sound, or the act of making such a sound.

Start not at the creaking of the door. Longfellow.

Cream (krēm), n. [F. crŕme, perh. fr. LL. crema cream of milk; cf. L. cremor thick juice or broth, perh. akin to cremare to burn.] 1. The rich, oily, and yellowish part of milk, which, when the milk stands unagitated, rises, and collects on the surface. It is the part of milk from which butter is obtained.

2. The part of any liquor that rises, and collects on the surface. [R.]

3. A delicacy of several kinds prepared for the table from cream, etc., or so as to resemble cream.

4. A cosmetic; a creamlike medicinal preparation.

In vain she tries her paste and creams, To smooth her skin or hide its seams. Goldsmith.

5. The best or choicest part of a thing; the quintessence; as, the cream of a jest or story; the cream of a collection of books or pictures.

Welcome, O flower and cream of knights errant. Shelton.

Bavarian cream, a preparation of gelatin, cream, sugar, and eggs, whipped; -- to be eaten cold. -- Cold cream, an ointment made of white wax, almond oil, rose water, and borax, and used as a salve for the hands and lips. -- Cream cheese, a kind of cheese made from curd from which the cream has not been taken off, or to which cream has been added. -- Cream gauge, an instrument to test milk, being usually a graduated glass tube in which the milk is placed for the cream to rise. -- Cream nut, the Brazil nut. -- Cream of lime. (a) A scum of calcium carbonate which forms on a solution of milk of lime from the carbon dioxide of the air. (b) A thick creamy emulsion of lime in water. -- Cream of tartar (Chem.), purified tartar or argol; so called because of the crust of crystals which forms on the surface of the liquor in the process of purification by recrystallization. It is a white crystalline substance, with a gritty acid taste, and is used very largely as an ingredient of baking powders; -- called also potassium bitartrate, acid potassium tartrate, etc.

Cream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Creamed (kr?md); p. pr. & vb. n. Creaming.] 1. To skim, or take off by skimming, as cream.

2. To take off the best or choicest part of.

3. To furnish with, or as with, cream.

Creaming the fragrant cups. Mrs. Whitney.

To cream butter (Cooking), to rub, stir, or beat, butter till it is of a light creamy consistency.

Cream, v. i. To form or become covered with cream; to become thick like cream; to assume the appearance of cream; hence, to grow stiff or formal; to mantle.

There are a sort of men whose visages Do cream and mantle like a standing pool. Shak.

Cream"cake` (-k?k`), n. (Cookery) A kind of cake filled with custard made of cream, eggs, etc.

Cream"-col`ored (-k?l`?rd), a. Of the color of cream; light yellow. "Cream- colored horses." Hazlitt.

Cream"er*y (-?r-?), n.; pl. Creameries (-&?;z). [CF. F. cr&?;meric.] 1. A place where butter and cheese are made, or where milk and cream are put up in cans for market.

2. A place or apparatus in which milk is set for raising cream.

3. An establishment where cream is sold.

Cream"-faced` (kr?m"f?st`), a. White or pale, as the effect of fear, or as the natural complexion.

Thou cream-faced loon. Shak.

Cream"-fruit` (kr?m"fr?t`), n. (Bot.) A plant of Sierra Leone which yields a wholesome, creamy juice.

Cream"i*ness (-?-n?s), n. The quality of being creamy.

Cream" laid` (kr?m" l?d`). See under Laid.

Cream"-slice` (-sl?s`), n. A wooden knife with a long thin blade, used in handling cream or ice cream.

Cream"-white` (-hw?t`), a. As white as cream.

Cream"y (kr?m"?), a. Full of, or containing, cream; resembling cream, in nature, appearance, or taste; creamlike; unctuous. "Creamy bowls." Collins. "Lines of creamy spray." Tennyson. "Your creamy words but cozen." Beau. & Fl.

Cre"ance (krē"ans), n. [F. crÚance, lit., credence, fr. L. credere to trust. See Credence.] 1. Faith; belief; creed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Falconry) A fine, small line, fastened to a hawk's leash, when it is first lured.

Cre"ance (krē"ans), v. i. & t. To get on credit; to borrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Cre"ant (krē"ant), a. [L. creans, p. pr. of creare to create.] Creative; formative. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

Crease (krēs), n. See Creese. Tennyson.

Crease, n. [Cf. LG. krus, G. krause, crispness, krausen, krńusen, to crisp, curl, lay on folds; or perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. kriz a wrinkle, crease, kriza to wrinkle, fold, W. crych a wrinkle, crychu to rumple, ripple, crease.] 1. A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable substance; hence, a similar mark, however produced.

2. (Cricket) One of the lines serving to define the limits of the bowler and the striker.

Bowling crease (Cricket), a line extending three feet four inches on each side of the central strings at right angles to the line between the wickets. -- Return crease (Cricket), a short line at each end of the bowling crease and at right angles to it, extending toward the bowler. -- Popping crease (Cricket),, a line drawn in front of the wicket, four feet distant from it, parallel to the bowling crease and at least as long as the latter. J. H. Walsh (Encyc. of Rural Sports).

Crease, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Creased (kr?st); p. pr. & vb. n. Creasing.] To make a crease or mark in, as by folding or doubling.

Creased, like dog's ears in a folio. Gray.

Creas"er (kr?s"?r), n. 1. A tool, or a sewing-machine attachment, for making lines or creases on leather or cloth, as guides to sew by.

2. A tool for making creases or beads, as in sheet iron, or for rounding small tubes.

3. (Bookbinding) A tool for making the band impression distinct on the back. Knight.

Creas"ing (krēs"&ibreve;ng), n. (Arch.) A layer of tiles forming a corona for a wall. Knight.

Cre"a*sote (krē"&adot;*sōt), n. See Creosote.

Creas"y (kr?s"?), a. Full of creases. Tennyson.

Cre"at (krē"ăt), n. [F. crÚat, ultimately fr. L. creatus created, begotten; cf. It. creato pupil, servant, Sp. criado a servant, client.] (Man.) An usher to a riding master.

Cre*at"a*ble (kr?-?"t?-b'l), a. That may be created.

Cre*ate" (kr&esl;*āt"), a.[L. creatus, p. p. of creare to create; akin to Gr. krai`nein to accomplish, Skr. k&rsdot; to make, and to E. ending -cracy in aristocracy, also to crescent, cereal.] Created; composed; begotten. [Obs.]

Hearts create of duty and zeal. Shak.

Cre*ate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Created; p. pr. & vb. n. Creating.] 1. To bring into being; to form out of nothing; to cause to exist.

In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. Gen. i. 1.

2. To effect by the agency, and under the laws, of causation; to be the occasion of; to cause; to produce; to form or fashion; to renew.

Your eye in Scotland Would create soldiers. Shak.

Create in me a clean heart. Ps. li. 10.

3. To invest with a new form, office, or character; to constitute; to appoint; to make; as, to create one a peer. "I create you companions to our person." Shak.

Cre*at"ic (kr?-?t"?k), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;, flesh.] Relating to, or produced by, flesh or animal food; as, creatic nausea. [Written also kreatic.]

Cre"a*tin (kr?"?-t?n), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; flesh.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance found abundantly in muscle tissue. [Written also kreatine.]

Cre*at"i*nin (kr?-?t"?-n?n), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous body closely related to creatin but more basic in its properties, formed from the latter by the action of acids, and occurring naturally in muscle tissue and in urine. [Written also kretinine.]

Cre*a"tion (kr?-A"sh?n), n. [L. creatio: cf. F. cr&?;ation. See Create.] 1. The act of creating or causing to exist. Specifically, the act of bringing the universe or this world into existence.

From the creation to the general doom. Shak.

As when a new particle of matter dotn begin to exist, in rerum natura, which had before no being; and this we call creation. Locke.

2. That which is created; that which is produced or caused to exist, as the world or some original work of art or of the imagination; nature.

We know that the whole creation groaneth. Rom. viii. 22.

A dagger of the mind, a false creation. Shak.

Choice pictures and creations of curious art. Beaconsfield.

3. The act of constituting or investing with a new character; appointment; formation.

An Irish peer of recent creation. Landor.

Cre*a"tion*al (-al), a. Of or pertaining to creation.

Cre*a"tion*ism (-?z'm), n. The doctrine that a soul is specially created for each human being as soon as it is formed in the womb; -- opposed to traducianism.

Cre*a"tive (-t?v), a. Having the power to create; exerting the act of creation. "Creative talent." W. Irving.

The creative force exists in the germ. Whewell.

Cre*a"tive*ness, n. The quality of being creative.

Cre*a"tor (kr&esl;*ā"t&etilde;r), n. [L. creator: cf. F. crÚateur.] One who creates, produces, or constitutes. Specifically, the Supreme Being.

To sin's rebuke and my Creater's praise. Shak.

The poets and artists of Greece, who are at the same time its prophets, the creators of its divinities, and the revealers of its theological beliefs. Caird.

Cre*a"tor*ship, n. State or condition of a creator.

Cre*a"tress, n. [L. creatrix: cf. F. crÚatrice.] She who creates. Spenser.

||Cre*a"trix (-tr?ks), n. [L.] A creatress. [R.]

Crea"tur*al (kr?"t?r-a]/>l; 135), a. Belonging to a creature; having the qualities of a creature. [R.]

Crea"ture (krē"tūr; 135), n. [F. crÚature, L. creatura. See Create.] 1. Anything created; anything not self-existent; especially, any being created with life; an animal; a man.

He asked water, a creature so common and needful that it was against the law of nature to deny him. Fuller.

God's first creature was light. Bacon.

On earth, join, all ye creatures, to extol Him first, him last, him midst, and without end. Milton.

And most attractive is the fair result Of thought, the creature of a polished mind. Cowper.

2. A human being, in pity, contempt, or endearment; as, a poor creature; a pretty creature.

The world hath not a sweeter creature. Shak.

3. A person who owes his rise and fortune to another; a servile dependent; an instrument; a tool.

A creature of the queen's, Lady Anne Bullen. Shak.

Both Charles himself and his creature, Laud. Macaulay.

4. A general term among farmers for horses, oxen, etc.

Creature comforts, those which minister to the comfort of the body.

Crea"ture*less, a. Without created beings; alone.

God was alone And creatureless at first. Donne.

Crea"ture*ly, a. Creatural; characteristic of a creature. [R.] "Creaturely faculties." Cheyne.

Crea"ture*ship, n. The condition of being a creature.

Crea"tur*ize (-īz), v. t. To make like a creature; to degrade [Obs.]

Degrade and creaturize that mundane soul. Cudworth.

Creaze (krēz), n. (Mining) The tin ore which collects in the central part of the washing pit or buddle.

Cre`bri*cos"tate (krē`br&ibreve;*k&obreve;s"t&asl;t), a. [L. creber close + costa rib.] (Zo÷l.) Marked with closely set ribs or ridges.

Cre`bri*sul"cate (krē`br&ibreve;*sŭl"k&asl;t), a. [L. creber close + sulcus furrow.] (Zo÷l.) Marked with closely set transverse furrows.

Creb"ri*tude (krēb"r&ibreve;*tūd), n. [L. crebritudo, fr. creber close.] Frequency. [Obs.] Bailey.

Cre"brous (krē"brŭs), a. [L. creber close set, frequent.] Frequent; numerous. [Obs.] Goodwin.

||CrŔche (kr&asl;sh), n. [F.] A public nursery, where the young children of poor women are cared for during the day, while their mothers are at work.

Cre"dence (krē"dens), n. [LL. credentia, fr. L. credens, -entis, p. pr. of credere to trust, believe: cf. OF. credence. See Creed, and cf. Credent, Creance.]

1. Reliance of the mind on evidence of facts derived from other sources than personal knowledge; belief; credit; confidence.

To give credence to the Scripture miracles. Trench.

An assertion which might easily find credence. Macaulay.

2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief, or confidence; as, a letter of credence.

3. (Eccl.) The small table by the side of the altar or communion table, on which the bread and wine are placed before being consecrated.

4. A cupboard, sideboard, or cabinet, particularly one intended for the display of rich vessels or plate, and consisting chiefly of open shelves for that purpose.

Cre"dence, v. t. To give credence to; to believe. [Obs.]

||Cre*den"dum (kr?-d?n"d?m), n.; pl. Credenda (-d&?;). [L., fr. credere to believe.] (Theol.) A thing to be believed; an article of faith; -- distinguished from agendum, a practical duty.

The great articles and credenda of Christianity. South.

Cre"dent (kr?"dent), a. [. credens, -entis, p. pr. of credere to trust, believe. See Creed.] 1. Believing; giving credence; credulous. [R.]

If with too credent ear you list songs. Shak.

2. Having credit or authority; credible. [Obs.]

For my authority bears of a credent bulk. Shak.

Cre*den"tial (kr&esl;*d&ebreve;n"shal), a. [Cf. It. credenziale, fr. LL. credentia. See Credence.] Giving a title or claim to credit or confidence; accrediting.

Their credential letters on both sides. Camden.

Cre*den"tial, n. [Cf. It. credenziale.] 1. That which gives a title to credit or confidence.

2. pl. Testimonials showing that a person is entitled to credit, or has right to exercise official power, as the letters given by a government to an ambassador or envoy, or a certificate that one is a duly elected delegate.

The committee of estates excepted against the credentials of the English commissioners. Whitelocke.

Had they not shown undoubted credentials from the Divine Person who sent them on such a message. Addison.

Cred`i*bil"i*ty (kr&ebreve;d`&ibreve;*b&ibreve;l"&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), n. [Cf. F. crÚdibilitÚ.] The quality of being credible; credibleness; as, the credibility of facts; the credibility of witnesses.

Cred"i*ble (kr&ebreve;d"&ibreve;*b'l), a. [L. credibilis, fr. credere. See Creed.] Capable of being credited or believed; worthy of belief; entitled to confidence; trustworthy.

Things are made credible either by the known condition and quality of the utterer or by the manifest likelihood of truth in themselves. Hooker.

A very diligent and observing person, and likewise very sober and credible. Dampier.

Cred"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being credible; worthiness of belief; credibility. [R.] Boyle.

Cred"i*bly, adv. In a manner inducing belief; as, I have been credibly informed of the event.

Cred"it (kr&ebreve;d"&ibreve;t), n. [F. crÚdit (cf. It. credito), L. creditum loan, prop. neut. of creditus, p. p. of credere to trust, loan, believe. See Creed.] 1. Reliance on the truth of something said or done; belief; faith; trust; confidence.

When Jonathan and the people heard these words they gave no credit unto them, nor received them. 1 Macc. x. 46.

2. Reputation derived from the confidence of others; esteem; honor; good name; estimation.

John Gilpin was a citizen Of credit and renown. Cowper.

3. A ground of, or title to, belief or confidence; authority derived from character or reputation.

The things which we properly believe, be only such as are received on the credit of divine testimony. Hooker.

4. That which tends to procure, or add to, reputation or esteem; an honor.

I published, because I was told I might please such as it was a credit to please. Pope.

5. Influence derived from the good opinion, confidence, or favor of others; interest.

Having credit enough with his master to provide for his own interest. Clarendon.

6. (Com.) Trust given or received; expectation of future playment for property transferred, or of fulfillment or promises given; mercantile reputation entitling one to be trusted; -- applied to individuals, corporations, communities, or nations; as, to buy goods on credit.

Credit is nothing but the expectation of money, within some limited time. Locke.

7. The time given for payment for lands or goods sold on trust; as, a long credit or a short credit.

8. (Bookkeeping) The side of an account on which are entered all items reckoned as values received from the party or the category named at the head of the account; also, any one, or the sum, of these items; -- the opposite of debit; as, this sum is carried to one's credit, and that to his debit; A has several credits on the books of B.

Bank credit, or Cash credit. See under Cash. -- Bill of credit. See under Bill. -- Letter of credit, a letter or notification addressed by a banker to his correspondent, informing him that the person named therein is entitled to draw a certain sum of money; when addressed to several different correspondents, or when the money can be drawn in fractional sums in several different places, it is called a circular letter of credit. -- Public credit. (a) The reputation of, or general confidence in, the ability or readiness of a government to fulfill its pecuniary engagements. (b) The ability and fidelity of merchants or others who owe largely in a community.

He touched the dead corpse of Public Credit, and it sprung upon its feet. D. Webster.

Cred"it (kr&ebreve;d"&ibreve;t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Credited; p. pr. & vb. n. Crediting.] 1. To confide in the truth of; to give credence to; to put trust in; to believe.

How shall they credit A poor unlearned virgin? Shak.

2. To bring honor or repute upon; to do credit to; to raise the estimation of.

You credit the church as much by your government as you did the school formerly by your wit. South.

3. (Bookkeeping) To enter upon the credit side of an account; to give credit for; as, to credit the amount paid; to set to the credit of; as, to credit a man with the interest paid on a bond.

To credit with, to give credit for; to assign as justly due to any one.

Crove, Helmholtz, and Meyer, are more than any others to be credited with the clear enunciation of this doctrine. Newman.

Cred"it*a*ble (-?-b'l), a. 1. Worthy of belief. [Obs.]

Divers creditable witnesses deposed. Ludlow.

2. Deserving or possessing reputation or esteem; reputable; estimable.

This gentleman was born of creditable parents. Goldsmith.

3. Bringing credit, reputation, or honor; honorable; as, such conduct is highly creditable to him. Macaulay.

He settled him in a good creditable way of living. Arbuthnot.

Cred"it*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being creditable.

Cred"it*a*bly (-?-bl?), adv. In a creditable manner; reputably; with credit.

||CrÚ`dit" fon`cier" (kr?d?" f?n`s??"). [F. crÚdit credit & foncier relating to land, landed.] A company licensed for the purpose of carrying out improvements, by means of loans and advances upon real securities.