Chapter 9

3. (Mil.) A kind of case shot for cannon, in which a number of lead or iron balls in layers are inclosed in a case fitting the gun; -- called also canister shot.

Can"ker (kă&nsm;"k&etilde;r), n. [OE. canker, cancre, AS. cancer (akin to D. kanker, OHG chanchar.), fr. L. cancer a cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr. &?; excrescence on tree, &?; gangrene. Cf. also OF. cancre, F. chancere, fr. L. cancer. See cancer, and cf. Chancre.]

1. A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a spreading gangrenous ulcer or collection of ulcers in or about the mouth; -- called also water canker, canker of the mouth, and noma.

2. Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or destroy.

The cankers of envy and faction. Temple.

3. (Hort.) A disease incident to trees, causing the bark to rot and fall off.

4. (Far.) An obstinate and often incurable disease of a horse's foot, characterized by separation of the horny portion and the development of fungoid growths; -- usually resulting from neglected thrush.

5. A kind of wild, worthless rose; the dog-rose.

To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose. And plant this thorm, this canker, Bolingbroke. Shak.

Black canker. See under Black.

Can"ker (kă&nsm;"k&etilde;r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cankered (- k&etilde;rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cankering.] 1. To affect as a canker; to eat away; to corrode; to consume.

No lapse of moons can canker Love. Tennyson.

2. To infect or pollute; to corrupt. Addison.

A tithe purloined cankers the whole estate. Herbert.

Can"ker, v. i. 1. To waste away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral. [Obs.]

Silvering will sully and canker more than gliding. Bacom.

2. To be or become diseased, or as if diseased, with canker; to grow corrupt; to become venomous.

Deceit and cankered malice. Dryden.

As with age his body uglier grows, So his mind cankers. Shak.

Can"ker-bit` (?), a. Eaten out by canker, or as by canker. [Obs.]

Can"ker bloom` (?). The bloom or blossom of the wild rose or dog-rose.

Can"ker blos`som (?). That which blasts a blossom as a canker does. [Obs.]

O me! you juggler! you canker blossom! You thief of Love! Shak.

Can"kered (?), a. 1. Affected with canker; as, a cankered mouth.

2. Affected mentally or morally as with canker; sore, envenomed; malignant; fretful; ill-natured. "A cankered grandam's will." Shak.

Can"kered*ly, adv. Fretfully; spitefully.

Can"ker fly` (?). A fly that preys on fruit.

Can"ker*ous (?), a. Affecting like a canker. "Canrerous shackles." Thomson.

Misdeem it not a cankerous change. Wordsworth.

Can"ker rash` (?). (Med.) A form of scarlet fever characterized by ulcerated or putrid sore throat.

Can"ker*worm` (?), n. (Zo÷l.) The larva of two species of geometrid moths which are very injurious to fruit and shade trees by eating, and often entirely destroying, the foliage. Other similar larvŠ are also called cankerworms.

&fist; The autumnal species (Anisopteryx pometaria) becomes adult late in autumn (after frosts) and in winter. The spring species (A. vernata) remains in the ground through the winter, and matures in early spring. Both have winged males and wingless females. The larvŠ are similar in appearance and habits, and belong to the family of measuring worms or spanworms. These larvŠ hatch from the eggs when the leaves begin to expand in spring.

Can"ker*y (?), a. 1. Like a canker; full of canker.

2. Surly; sore; malignant.

||Can"na (?), n. [It.] A measure of length in Italy, varying from six to seven feet. See Cane, 4.

||Can"na (?), n. [L., a reed. See Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical plants, with large leaves and often with showy flowers. The Indian shot (C. Indica) is found in gardens of the northern United States.

Can"na*bene (?), n. [From Cannabis.] (Chem.) A colorless oil obtained from hemp by distillation, and possessing its intoxicating properties.

Can"na*bin (?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous resin extracted from hemp (Cannabis sativa, variety Indica). The narcotic effects of hasheesh are due to this resin.

Can"na*bine (?), a. [L. cannabinus.] Pertaining to hemp; hempen. [R.]

||Can"na*bis (?), n. [L., hemp. See Canvas.] (Bot.) A genus of a single species belonging to the order UricaceŠ; hemp.

Cannabis Indica (&?;), the Indian hemp, a powerful narcotic, now considered a variety of the common hemp.

Can"nel coal` (?). [Corrupt. fr. candle coal.] A kind of mineral coal of a black color, sufficiently hard and solid to be cut and polished. It burns readily, with a clear, yellow flame, and on this account has been used as a substitute for candles.

Can"ner*y (?), n. A place where the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is carried on. [U. S.]

Can"ni*bal (?), n. [Cf. F. cannibale. Columbus, in a letter to the Spanish monarchs written in Oct., 1498, mentions that the people of Hayti lived in great fear of the Caribales (equivalent to E. Caribbees.), the inhabitants of the smaller Antilles; which form of the name was afterward changed into NL. Canibales, in order to express more forcibly their character by a word intelligible through a Latin root "propter rabiem caninam anthropophagorum gentis." The Caribbees call themselves, in their own language. Calinago, Carinago, Calliponam, and, abbreviated, Calina, signifying a brave, from which Columbus formed his Caribales.] A human being that eats human flesh; hence, any that devours its own kind. Darwin.

Can"ni*bal (?), a. Relating to cannibals or cannibalism. "Cannibal terror." Burke.

Can"ni*bal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. cannibalisme.] The act or practice of eating human flesh by mankind. Hence; Murderous cruelty; barbarity. Berke.

Can"ni*bal*ly, adv. In the manner of cannibal. "An he had been cannibally given." Shak.

Can"ni*kin (?), n. [Can + -kin.] A small can or drinking vessel.

Can"ni*ly, adv. In a canny manner. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]

Can"ni*ness, n. Caution; crafty management. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]

Can"non (?), n.; pl. Cannons (#), collectively Cannon. [F. cannon, fr. L. canna reed, pipe, tube. See Cane.] 1. A great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a firearm for discharging heavy shot with great force.

&fist; Cannons are made of various materials, as iron, brass, bronze, and steel, and of various sizes and shapes with respect to the special service for which they are intended, as intended, as siege, seacoast, naval, field, or mountain, guns. They always aproach more or less nearly to a cylindrical from, being usually thicker toward the breech than at the muzzle. Formerly they were cast hollow, afterwards they were cast, solid, and bored out. The cannon now most in use for the armament of war vessels and for seacoast defense consists of a forged steel tube reinforced with massive steel rings shrunk upon it. Howitzers and mortars are sometimes called cannon. See Gun.

2. (Mech.) A hollow cylindrical piece carried by a revolving shaft, on which it may, however, revolve independently.

3. (Printing.) A kind of type. See Canon.

Cannon ball, strictly, a round solid missile of stone or iron made to be fired from a cannon, but now often applied to a missile of any shape, whether solid or hollow, made for cannon. Elongated and cylindrical missiles are sometimes called bolts; hollow ones charged with explosives are properly called shells. -- Cannon bullet, a cannon ball. [Obs.] -- Cannon cracker, a fire cracker of large size. -- Cannon lock, a device for firing a cannon by a percussion primer. -- Cannon metal. See Gun Metal. -- Cannon pinion, the pinion on the minute hand arbor of a watch or clock, which drives the hand but permits it to be moved in setting. -- Cannon proof, impenetrable by cannon balls. -- Cannon shot. (a) A cannon ball. (b) The range of a cannon.

Can"non, n. & v. (Billiards) See Carom. [Eng.]

Can`non*ade" (?), n. [F. Canonnade; cf. It. cannanata.] 1. The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball, shell, etc., for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering a town, ship, or fort; -- usually, an attack of some continuance.

A furious cannonade was kept up from the whole circle of batteries on the devoted towm. Prescott.

2. Fig.; A loud noise like a cannonade; a booming.

Blue Walden rolls its cannonade. Ewerson.

Can`non*ade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cannonade; p. pr. & vb. n. Cannonading.] To attack with heavy artillery; to batter with cannon shot.

Can`non*ade", v. i. To discharge cannon; as, the army cannonaded all day.

Can"non bone (?). (Anat.) See Canon Bone.

Can"noned (&?;), a. Furnished with cannon. [Poetic] "Gilbralter's cannoned steep." M. Arnold.

{ Can`non*eer", Can`non*ier" } (?), n. [F. canonnier.] A man who manages, or fires, cannon.

Can`non*er"ing, n. The use of cannon. Burke.

Can"non*ry (?), n. Cannon, collectively; artillery.

The ringing of bells and roaring of cannonry proclaimed his course through the country. W. Irving.

Can"not (?). [Can to be able + -not.] Am, is, or are, not able; -- written either as one word or two.

Can"nu*la (?), n. [L. cannula a small tube of dim. of canna a reed, tube.] (Surg.) A small tube of metal, wood, or India rubber, used for various purposes, esp. for injecting or withdrawing fluids. It is usually associated with a trocar. [Written also canula.]

Can"nu*lar (?), a. Having the form of a tube; tubular. [Written also canular.]

Can"nu*la`ted (?), a. Hollow; affording a passage through its interior length for wire, thread, etc.; as, a cannulated (suture) needle. [Written also canulated.]

{ Can"ny, Can"nei } (?), a. [Cf. Icel. kenn skilled, learned, or E. canny. Cf. Kenn.] [North of Eng. & Scot.] 1. Artful; cunning; shrewd; wary.

2. Skillful; knowing; capable. Sir W. Scott.

3. Cautious; prudent; safe.. Ramsay.

4. Having pleasing or useful qualities; gentle. Burns.

5. Reputed to have magical powers. Sir W. Scott.

No canny, not safe, not fortunate; unpropitious. [Scot.]

Ca*noe" (?), n.; pl. Canoes (#). [Sp. canoa, fr. Caribbean canßoa.] 1. A boat used by rude nations, formed of trunk of a tree, excavated, by cutting of burning, into a suitable shape. It is propelled by a paddle or paddles, or sometimes by sail, and has no rudder.

Others devised the boat of one tree, called the canoe. Raleigh.

2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by savages.

A birch canoe, with paddles, rising, falling, on the water. Longfellow.

3. A light pleasure boat, especially designed for use by one who goes alone upon long excursions, including portage. It it propelled by a paddle, or by a small sail attached to a temporary mast.

Ca*noe" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Canoed (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Canoeing (&?;).] To manage a canoe, or voyage in a canoe.

Ca*noe"ing n. The act or art of using a canoe.

Ca*noe"ist (?), n. A canoeman.

Ca*noe"man, n.; pl. Canoemen (#). One who uses a canoe; one who travels in a canoe.

Cabins and clearing greeted the eye of the passing canoeman. Parkman.

Can"on (#), n. [OE. canon, canoun, AS. canon rule (cf. F. canon, LL. canon, and, for sense 7, F. chanoine, LL. canonicus), fr. L. canon a measuring line, rule, model, fr. Gr. &?; rule, rod, fr. &?;, &?;, red. See Cane, and cf. Canonical.] 1. A law or rule.

Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon 'gainst self-slaughter. Shak.

2. (Eccl.) A law, or rule of doctrine or discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the pope or the sovereign; a decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by ecclesiastical authority.

Various canons which were made in councils held in the second centry. Hock.

3. The collection of books received as genuine Holy Scriptures, called the sacred canon, or general rule of moral and religious duty, given by inspiration; the Bible; also, any one of the canonical Scriptures. See Canonical books, under Canonical, a.

4. In monasteries, a book containing the rules of a religious order.

5. A catalogue of saints acknowledged and canonized in the Roman Catholic Church.

6. A member of a cathedral chapter; a person who possesses a prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church.

7. (Mus.) A musical composition in which the voices begin one after another, at regular intervals, successively taking up the same subject. It either winds up with a coda (tailpiece), or, as each voice finishes, commences anew, thus forming a perpetual fugue or round. It is the strictest form of imitation. See Imitation.

8. (Print.) The largest size of type having a specific name; -- so called from having been used for printing the canons of the church.

9. The part of a bell by which it is suspended; -- called also ear and shank. [See Illust. of Bell.] Knight.

10. (Billiards) See Carom.

Apostolical canons. See under Apostolical. -- Augustinian canons, Black canons. See under Augustinian. -- Canon capitular, Canon residentiary, a resident member of a cathedral chapter (during a part or the whole of the year). -- Canon law. See under Law. -- Canon of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), that part of the mass, following the Sanctus, which never changes. -- Honorary canon, a canon who neither lived in a monastery, nor kept the canonical hours. -- Minor canon (Ch. of Eng.), one who has been admitted to a chapter, but has not yet received a prebend. -- Regular canon (R. C. Ch.), one who lived in a conventual community and follower the rule of St. Austin; a Black canon. -- Secular canon (R. C. Ch.), one who did not live in a monastery, but kept the hours.

||Ca*˝on" (?), n. [Sp., a tube or hollow, fr. ca˝a reed, fr. L. canna. See Cane.] A deep gorge, ravine, or gulch, between high and steep banks, worn by water courses. [Mexico & Western U. S.]

Can"on bit` (?). [F. canon, fr. L. canon a rule.] That part of a bit which is put in a horse's mouth.

Can"on bone` (?). [F. canon, fr. L. canon a rule. See canon.] (Anat.) The shank bone, or great bone above the fetlock, in the fore and hind legs of the horse and allied animals, corresponding to the middle metacarpal or metatarsal bone of most mammals. See Horse.

Can"on*ess (?), n. [Cf. LL. canonissa.] A woman who holds a canonry in a conventual chapter.

Regular canoness, one bound by the poverty, and observing a strict rule of life. -- Secular canoness, one allowed to hold private property, and bound only by vows of chastity and obedience so long as she chose to remain in the chapter.

{ Ca*non"ic (?), Can*non"ic*al (?), } a. [L. cannonicus, LL. canonicalis, fr. L. canon: cf. F. canonique. See canon.] Of or pertaining to a canon; established by, or according to a , canon or canons. "The oath of canonical obedience." Hallam.

Canonical books, or Canonical Scriptures, those books which are declared by the canons of the church to be of divine inspiration; -- called collectively the canon. The Roman Catholic Church holds as canonical several books which Protestants reject as apocryphal. -- Canonical epistles, an appellation given to the epistles called also general or catholic. See Catholic epistles, under Canholic. -- Canonical form (Math.), the simples or most symmetrical form to which all functions of the same class can be reduced without lose of generality. -- Canonical hours, certain stated times of the day, fixed by ecclesiastical laws, and appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion; also, certain portions of the Breviary, to be used at stated hours of the day. In England, this name is also given to the hours from 8 a. m. to 3 p. m. (formerly 8 a. m. to 12 m.) before and after which marriage can not be legally performed in any parish church. -- Canonical letters, letters of several kinds, formerly given by a bishop to traveling clergymen or laymen, to show that they were entitled to receive the communion, and to distinguish them from heretics. -- Canonical life, the method or rule of living prescribed by the ancient clergy who lived in community; a course of living prescribed for the clergy, less rigid than the monastic, and more restrained that the secular. -- Canonical obedience, submission to the canons of a church, especially the submission of the inferior clergy to their bishops, and of other religious orders to their superiors. - - Canonical punishments, such as the church may inflict, as excommunication, degradation, penance, etc. -- Canonical sins (Anc. Church.), those for which capital punishment or public penance decreed by the canon was inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery, heresy.

Ca*non"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a canonical manner; according to the canons.

Ca*non"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being canonical; canonicity. Bp. Burnet.

Ca*non"ic*als (?), n. pl. The dress prescribed by canon to be worn by a clergyman when officiating. Sometimes, any distinctive professional dress.

Full canonicals, the complete costume of an officiating clergyman or ecclesiastic.

i Ca*non"i*cate (?), n. [LL. canonucatus canonical: cf. F. canonicat.] The office of a canon; a canonry.

Can`on*ic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. canonicitÚ.] The state or quality of being canonical; agreement with the canon.

Can"on*ist, n. [Cf. F. canoniste.] A professor of canon law; one skilled in the knowledge and practice of ecclesiastical law. South.

Can`on*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a canonist. "This canonistic exposition." Milton.

Can`on*i*za"tion (?), n. [F. canonisation.]

1. (R. C. Ch.) The final process or decree (following beatifacation) by which the name of a deceased person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended to perpetual veneration and invocation.

Canonization of saints was not known to the Christian church titl toward the middle of the tenth century. Hoock.

2. The state of being canonized or sainted.

Can"on*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Canonizing.] [F. canoniser or LL. canonizare, fr. L. canon.. See Canon.] 1. (Eccl.) To declare (a deceased person) a saint; to put in the catalogue of saints; as, Thomas a Becket was canonized.

2. To glorify; to exalt to the highest honor.

Fame in time to come canonize us. Shak.

2. To rate as inspired; to include in the canon.[R.]

Can"on*ry (?), n. pl. Canonries (&?;). A benefice or prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church; a right to a place in chapter and to a portion of its revenues; the dignity or emoluments of a canon.

Can"on*ship (?), a. Of or pertaining to Canopus in Egypt; as, the Canopic vases, used in embalming.

||Ca*no"pus (?), n. [L. Canopus, fr. Gr. &?;, town of Egypt.] (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude in the southern constellation Argo.

Can"o*py (kăn"&osl;*p&ybreve;), n.; pl. Canopies (- p&ibreve;z). [OE. canapie, F. canapÚ sofa, OF. conopÚe, conopeu, conopieu, canopy, vail, pavilion (cf. It. canopŔ canopy, sofa), LL. conopeum a bed with mosquito curtains, fr. Gr. kwnwpei^on, fr. kw`nwps gnat, kw`nos cone + 'w`ps face. See Cone, and Optic.] 1. A covering fixed over a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on poles over an exalted personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a mark of honor. "Golden canopies and beds of state." Dryden.

2. (Arch.) (a) An ornamental projection, over a door, window, niche, etc. (b) Also, a rooflike covering, supported on pillars over an altar, a statue, a fountain, etc.

Can"o*py, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canopes (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Canopying.] To cover with, or as with, a canopy. "A bank with ivy canopied." Milton.

Ca*no"rous (?), a. [L. canorus, from nor melody, fr. canere to sing.] Melodious; musical. "Birds that are most canorous." Sir T. Browne.

A long, lound, and canorous peal of laughter. De Quincey.

Ca*no"rous*ness, n. The quality of being musical.

He chooses his language for its rich canorousness. Lowell.

Can"stick` (?), n. Candlestick. [Obs.] Shak.

Cant (?), n. [OF., edge, angle, prof. from L. canthus the iron ring round a carriage wheel, a wheel, Gr. &?; the corner of the eye, the felly of a wheel; cf. W. cant the stake or tire of a wheel. Cf. Canthus, Canton, Cantle.] 1. A corner; angle; niche. [Obs.]

The first and principal person in the temple was Irene, or Peace; she was placed aloft in a cant. B. Jonson.

2. An outer or external angle.

3. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope or bevel; a titl. Totten.

4. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn so give; as, to give a ball a cant.

5. (Coopering) A segment forming a side piece in the head of a cask. Knight.

6. (Mech.) A segment of he rim of a wooden cogwheel. Knight.

7. (Naut.) A piece of wood laid upon the deck of a vessel to support the bulkheads.

Cant frames, Cant timbers (Naut.), timber at the two ends of a ship, rising obliquely from the keel.

Cant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canted; p. pr. & vb. n. Canting.] 1. To incline; to set at an angle; to tilt over; to tip upon the edge; as, to cant a cask; to cant a ship.

2. To give a sudden turn or new direction to; as, to cant round a stick of timber; to cant a football.

3. To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece of timber, or from the head of a bolt.

Cant, n. [Prob. from OF. cant, F. chant, singing, in allusion to the singing or whining tine of voice used by beggars, fr. L. cantus. See Chant.] 1. An affected, singsong mode of speaking.

2. The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any sect, class, or occupation. Goldsmith.

The cant of any profession. Dryden.

3. The use of religious phraseology without understanding or sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what is not felt; hypocrisy.

They shall hear no cant from me. F. W. Robertson

4. Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker by gipsies, thieves, tramps, or beggars.

Cant (?), a. Of the nature of cant; affected; vulgar.

To introduce and multiply cant words in the most ruinous corruption in any language. Swift.

Cant, v. i. 1. To speak in a whining voice, or an affected, singsong tone.

2. To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk with an affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice hypocrisy; as, a canting fanatic.

The rankest rogue that ever canted. Beau. & Fl.

3. To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon, or technical terms; to talk with an affectation of learning.

The doctor here, When he discourseth of dissection, Of vena cava and of vena porta, The meserŠum and the mesentericum, What does he else but cant. B. Jonson

That uncouth affected garb of speech, or canting language, if I may so call it. Bp. Sanderson.

Cant, n. [Prob. from OF. cant, equiv. to L. quantum; cf. F. encan, fr. L. in quantum, i.e. "for how much?"] A call for bidders at a public sale; an auction. "To sell their leases by cant." Swift.

Cant, v. t. to sell by auction, or bid a price at a sale by auction. [Archaic] Swift.

Can't (?). A colloquial contraction for can not.

Can"tab (?), n. [Abbreviated from Cantabrigian.] A Cantabrigian. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

||Can*ta"bi*le (?), a. [It., cantare to sing.] (Mus.) In a melodious, flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed to bravura, recitativo, or parlando.

||Can*ta"bi*le, n. (Mus.) A piece or passage, whether vocal or instrumental, peculiarly adapted to singing; -- sometimes called cantilena.

Can*ta"bri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Cantabria on the Bay of Biscay in Spain.

Can`ta*brig"i*an (?), n. A native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a student or graduate of the university of Cambridge, England.

Can"ta*lev`er (?), n. [Cant an external angle + lever a supporter of the roof timber of a house.] [Written also cantaliver and cantilever.] 1. (Arch.) A bracket to support a balcony, a cornice, or the like.

2. (Engin.) A projecting beam, truss, or bridge unsupported at the outer end; one which overhangs.

Cantalever bridge, a bridge in which the principle of the cantalever is applied. It is usually a trussed bridge, composed of two portions reaching out from opposite banks, and supported near the middle of their own length on piers which they overhang, thus forming cantalevers which meet over the space to be spanned or sustain a third portion, to complete the connection.