Chapter 87

Cot`y*lig"er*ous (k?t`?-l?j"?r-?s), a. [Cotyle + -gerous.] (Zo÷l.) Having cotyles.

Cot"y*loid (k?t"?-loid), a. [Cotyle + -oid] (Anat.) (a) Shaped like a cup; as, the cotyloid cavity, which receives the head of the thigh bone. (b) Pertaining to a cotyloid cavity; as, the cotyloid ligament, or notch.

||Cou"cal (k??"k?l), n. [Prob. native name.] (Zo÷l.) A large, Old World, ground cuckoo of the genus Centropus, of several species.

Couch (kouch), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Couched (koucht); p. pr. & vb. n. Couching.] [F. coucher to lay down, lie down, OF. colchier, fr. L. collocare to lay, put, place; col- + locare to place, fr. locus place. See Locus.]

1. To lay upon a bed or other resting place.

Where unbruised youth, with unstuffed brain, Does couch his limbs, there golden sleep doth reign. Shak.

2. To arrange or dispose as in a bed; -- sometimes followed by the reflexive pronoun.

The waters couch themselves as may be to the center of this globe, in a spherical convexity. T. Burnet.

3. To lay or deposit in a bed or layer; to bed.

It is at this day in use at Gaza, to couch potsherds, or vessels of earth, in their walls. Bacon.

4. (Paper Making) To transfer (as sheets of partly dried pulp) from the wire cloth mold to a felt blanket, for further drying.

5. To conceal; to include or involve darkly.

There is all this, and more, that lies naturally couched under this allegory. L'Estrange.

6. To arrange; to place; to inlay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. To put into some form of language; to express; to phrase; -- used with in and under.

A well-couched invective. Milton.

I had received a letter from Flora couched in rather cool terms. Blackw. Mag.

8. (Med.) To treat by pushing down or displacing the opaque lens with a needle; as, to couch a cataract.

To couch a spear or lance, to lower to the position of attack; to place in rest.

He stooped his head, and couched his spear, And spurred his steed to full career. Sir W. Scott.

To couch malt, to spread malt on a floor. Mortimer.

Couch, v. i. 1. To lie down or recline, as on a bed or other place of rest; to repose; to lie.

Where souls do couch on flowers, we 'll hand in hand. Shak.

If I court moe women, you 'll couch with moe men. Shak.

2. To lie down for concealment; to hide; to be concealed; to be included or involved darkly.

We 'll couch in the castle ditch, till we see the light of our fairies. Shak.

The half-hidden, hallf-revealed wonders, that yet couch beneath the words of the Scripture. I. Taylor.

3. To bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor, etc.; to stoop; to crouch. [Obs.]

An aged squire That seemed to couch under his shield three-square. Spenser.

Couch, n. [F. couche, OF. colche, culche, fr. colchier. See Couch, v. t. ] 1. A bed or place for repose or sleep; particularly, in the United States, a lounge.

Gentle sleep . . . why liest thou with the vile In loathsome beds, and leavest the kingly couch? Shak.

Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. Bryant.

2. Any place for repose, as the lair of a beast, etc.

3. A mass of steeped barley spread upon a floor to germinate, in malting; or the floor occupied by the barley; as, couch of malt.

4. (Painting & Gilding) A preliminary layer, as of color, size, etc.

Couch"an*cy (kouch"an-s?), n. State of lying down for repose. [R.]

Couch"ant (kouch"ant), a. [F., p. pr. of coucher. See Couch, v. t.] 1. Lying down with head erect; squatting.

2. (Her.) Lying down with the head raised, which distinguishes the posture of couchant from that of dormant, or sleeping; -- said of a lion or other beast.

Couchant and levant (Law), rising up and lying down; -- said of beasts, and indicating that they have been long enough on land, not belonging to their owner, to lie down and rise up to feed, -- such time being held to include a day and night at the least. Blackstone.

||Cou`chÚ" (k??`sh?"), a. [F., p. p. of coucher. See Couch, v. t. ] (Her.) (a) Not erect; inclined; -- said of anything that is usually erect, as an escutcheon. (b) Lying on its side; thus, a chevron couchÚ is one which emerges from one side of the escutcheon and has its apex on the opposite side, or at the fess point.

Couched (koucht), a. (Her.) Same as Couch&?;.

Cou"chee (k??"sh?; F. k??"sh?"), n. [F. couch&?;e a sleeping place from coucher. See Couch, v. t. ] A reception held at the time of going to bed, as by a sovereign or great prince. [Obs.] Dryden. The duke's levees and couchees were so crowded that the antechambers were full. Bp. Burnet.

Couch"er (kouch"?r), n. 1. One who couches.

2. (Paper Manuf.) One who couches paper.

3. [Cf. L. collectarius.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A factor or agent resident in a country for traffic. Blount. (b) The book in which a corporation or other body registers its particular acts. [Obs.] Cowell.

Couch" grass` (gr?s`). (Bot.) See Quitch grass.

Couch"ing, n. 1. (Med.) The operation of putting down or displacing the opaque lens in cataract.

2. Embroidering by laying the materials upon the surface of the foundation, instead of drawing them through.

Couch"less (kouch"l?s), a. Having no couch or bed.

Cou"dee (k??"d?; F. k??`d?"), n. [F. coud&?;e, from coude elbow.] A measure of length; the distance from the elbow to the end of the middle finger; a cubit.

Cou"gar (k??"g?r), n. [F. couguar, from the native name in the South American dialects, cuguacuara, cuguacuarana.] (Zo÷l.) An American feline quadruped (Felis concolor), resembling the African panther in size and habits. Its color is tawny, without spots; hence writers often called it the American lion. Called also puma, panther, mountain lion, and catamount. See Puma.

Cough (k?f), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coughed (k?ft); p. pr. & vb. n. Coughing.] [Cf. D. kuchen, MHG. k&?;chen to breathe, G. keuchen to pant, and E. chincough, the first part of which is prob. akin to cough; cf. also E. choke.] To expel air, or obstructing or irritating matter, from the lungs or air passages, in a noisy and violent manner.

Cough, v. t. 1. To expel from the lungs or air passages by coughing; -- followed by up; as, to cough up phlegm.

2. To bring to a specified state by coughing; as, he coughed himself hoarse.

To cough down, to silence or put down (an objectionable speaker) by simulated coughing.

Cough, n. [Cg. D. kuch. See Cough, v. i. ] 1. A sudden, noisy, and violent expulsion of air from the chest, caused by irritation in the air passages, or by the reflex action of nervous or gastric disorder, etc.

2. The more or less frequent repetition of coughing, constituting a symptom of disease.

Stomach cough, Ear cough, cough due to irritation in the stomach or ear.

Cough"er (k?f"?r), n. One who coughs.

Cou"hage (kou"?j), n. (Bot.) See Cowhage.

Could (k??d), imp. of Can. [OF. coude. The l was inserted by mistake, under the influence of should and would.] Was, should be, or would be, able, capable, or susceptible. Used as an auxiliary, in the past tense or in the conditional present.

||Cou`lee" (k??`l?"), n. [F. coulÚe, fr. couler to run or flow.] A stream; (Geol.) a stream of lava. Also, in the Western United States, the bed of a stream, even if dry, when deep and having inclined sides; distinguished from a ca˝on, which has precipitous sides.

||Cou*lisse" (k??-l?s"; F. k??`l?s"), n. [F., fr. couler to flow, glide.] 1. A piece of timber having a groove in which something glides.

2. One of the side scenes of the stage in a theater, or the space included between the side scenes.

||Cou`loir" (k??`lw?r"), n. [F., a strainer.] 1. A deep gorge; a gully.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A dredging machine for excavating canals, etc.

||Cou`lomb" (k??`l?n"), n. [From Coulomb, a French physicist and electrican.] (Physics) The standard unit of quantity in electrical measurements. It is the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by the current produced by an electro-motive force of one volt acting in a circuit having a resistance of one ohm, or the quantity transferred by one ampŔre in one second. Formerly called weber.

Coul"ter (kōl"t&etilde;r), n. Same as Colter.

Coul"ter*neb` (-n&ebreve;b`), n. (Zo÷l.) The puffin.

Cou*mar"ic (k??-m?r"?k), a. Relating to, derived from, or like, the Dipterix odorata, a tree of Guiana.

Coumaric acid (Chem.), one of a series of aromatic acids, related to cinnamic acid, the most important of which is a white crystalline substance, HO.C6H4.C2H2.CO2 H, obtained from the tonka bean, sweet clover, etc., and also produced artificially.

Cou"ma*rin (k&oomac;"m&adot;*r&ibreve;n), n. [F., fr. coumarou, a tree of Guiana.] (Chem.) The concrete essence of the tonka bean, the fruit of Dipterix (formerly Coumarouna) odorata and consisting essentially of coumarin proper, which is a white crystalline substance, C9H6O2, of vanilla-like odor, regarded as an anhydride of coumaric acid, and used in flavoring. Coumarin in also made artificially.

Coun"cil (koun"s&ibreve;l), n. [F. concile, fr. L. concilium; con- + calare to call, akin to Gr. &?;&?;&?; to call, and E. hale, v., haul. Cf. Conciliate. This word is often confounded with counsel, with which it has no connection.]

1. An assembly of men summoned or convened for consultation, deliberation, or advice; as, a council of physicians for consultation in a critical case.

2. A body of man elected or appointed to constitute an advisory or a legislative assembly; as, a governor's council; a city council.

An old lord of the council rated me the other day. Shak.

3. Act of deliberating; deliberation; consultation.

Satan . . . void of rest, His potentates to council called by night. Milton.

O great in action and in council wise. Pope.

Aulic council. See under Aulic. -- Cabinet council. See under Cabinet. -- City council, the legislative branch of a city government, usually consisting of a board of aldermen and common council, but sometimes otherwise constituted. -- Common council. See under Common. -- Council board, Council table, the table round which a council holds consultation; also, the council itself in deliberation. -- Council chamber, the room or apartment in which a council meets. -- Council fire, the ceremonial fire kept burning while the Indians hold their councils. [U.S.] Bartlett. -- Council of war, an assembly of officers of high rank, called to consult with the commander in chief in regard to measures or importance or nesessity. -- Ecumenical council (Eccl.), an assembly of prelates or divines convened from the whole body of the church to regulate matters of doctrine or discipline. -- Executive council, a body of men elected as advisers of the chief magistrate, whether of a State or the nation. [U.S.] -- Legislative council, the upper house of a legislature, usually called the senate. -- Privy council. See under Privy. [Eng.]

Syn. -- Assembly; meeting; congress; diet; parliament; convention; convocation; synod.

Coun"cil*ist (koun"s?l-?st), n. One who belongs to a council; one who gives an opinion. [Obs.]

I will in three months be an expert counsilist. Milton.

Coun"cil*man (koun"s&ibreve;l*man), n.; pl. Councilmen (- men). A member of a council, especially of the common council of a city; a councilor.

Coun"cil*or (koun"s?l-?r), n. A member of a council. [Written also councillor.]

&fist; The distinction between councilor, a member of a council, and counselor, one who gives counsel, was not formerly made, but is now very generally recognized and observed.

Co`-une" (k?`?n"), v. t. [L. co- + unus one.] To combine or unite. [Obs.] "Co-uned together." Feltham.

Co`-u*nite" (k?`?-n?t"), v. t. To unite. [Obs.]

Co`-u*nite", a. United closely with another. [Obs.]

Coun"sel (koun"s&ebreve;l), n. [OE. conseil, F. conseil, fr. L. consilium, fr. the root of consulere to consult, of uncertain origin. Cf. Consult, Consul.] 1. Interchange of opinions; mutual advising; consultation.

All the chief priest and elders of the people took counsel against Jesus, to put him to death. Matt. xxvii. 1.

2. Examination of consequences; exercise of deliberate judgment; prudence.

They all confess, therefore, in the working of that first cause, that counsel is used. Hooker.

3. Result of consultation; advice; instruction.

I like thy counsel; well hast thou advised. Shak.

It was ill counsel had misled the girl. Tennyson.

4. Deliberate purpose; design; intent; scheme; plan.

The counsel of the Lord standeth forever. Ps. xxxiii. 11.

The counsels of the wicked are deceit. Prov. xii. 5.

5. A secret opinion or purpose; a private matter.

Thilke lord . . . to whom no counsel may be hid. Gower.

6. One who gives advice, especially in legal matters; one professionally engaged in the trial or management of a cause in court; also, collectively, the legal advocates united in the management of a case; as, the defendant has able counsel.

The King found his counsel as refractory as his judges. Macaulay.

&fist; In some courts a distinction is observed between the attorney and the counsel in a cause, the former being employed in the management of the more mechanical parts of the suit, the latter in attending to the pleadings, managing the cause at the trial, and in applying the law to the exigencies of the case during the whole progress of the suit. In other courts the same person can exercise the powers of each. See Attorney. Kent.

In counsel, in secret. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To keep counsel, or To keep one's own counsel, to keep one's thoughts, purposes, etc., undisclosed.

The players can not keep counsel: they 'll tell all. Shak.

Syn. -- Advice; consideration; consultation; purpose; scheme; opinion.

Coun"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counseled (-s&ebreve;ld) or Counselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Counseling or Counselling.] [OE. conseilen, counseilen, F. conseiller, fr. L. consiliari, fr. consilium counsel.] 1. To give advice to; to advice, admonish, or instruct, as a person.

Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you To leave this place. Shak.

2. To advise or recommend, as an act or course.

They who counsel war. Milton.

Thus Belial, with words clothed in reason's garb, Counseled ignoble ease and peaceful sloth. Milton.

Coun"sel*a*ble (-&adot;*b'l), a. [Written also counsellable.] 1. Willing to receive counsel or follow advice. [R.]

Few men of so great parts were upon all occasions more counselable than he. Clarendon.

2. Suitable to be advised; advisable, wise. [Obs.]

He did not believe it counselable. Clarendon.

Coun"sel*or (koun"s&ebreve;l*&etilde;r), n. [Written also counsellor.] [OE. conseiler, F. conseiller, fr. L. consiliarius, fr. consilium counsel.] 1. One who counsels; an adviser.

Can he that speaks with the tongue of an enemy be a good counselor, or no? Shak.

2. A member of council; one appointed to advise a sovereign or chief magistrate. [See under Consilor.]

3. One whose profession is to give advice in law, and manage causes for clients in court; a barrister.

Good counselors lack no clients. Shak.

Coun"sel*or*ship (koun"s?l-?r-sh?p), n. The function and rank or office of a counselor. Bacon.

Count (kount), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counted; p. pr. & vb. n. Counting.] [OF. conter, and later (etymological spelling) compter, in modern French thus distinguished; conter to relate (cf. Recount, Account), compter to count; fr. L. computuare to reckon, compute; com- + putare to reckon, settle, order, prune, orig., to clean. See Pure, and cf. Compute.] 1. To tell or name one by one, or by groups, for the purpose of ascertaining the whole number of units in a collection; to number; to enumerate; to compute; to reckon.

Who can count the dust of Jacob? Num. xxiii. 10.

In a journey of forty miles, Avaux counted only three miserable cabins. Macaulay.

2. To place to an account; to ascribe or impute; to consider or esteem as belonging.

Abracham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness. Rom. iv. 3.

3. To esteem; to account; to reckon; to think, judge, or consider.

I count myself in nothing else so happy As in a soul remembering my good friends. Shak.

To count out. (a) To exclude (one) from consideration; to be assured that (one) will not participate or cannot be depended upon. (b) (House of Commons) To declare adjourned, as a sitting of the House, when it is ascertained that a quorum is not present. (c) To prevent the accession of (a person) to office, by a fraudulent return or count of the votes cast; -- said of a candidate really elected. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- To calculate; number; reckon; compute; enumerate. See Calculate.

Count, v. i. 1. To number or be counted; to possess value or carry weight; hence, to increase or add to the strength or influence of some party or interest; as, every vote counts; accidents count for nothing.

This excellent man . . . counted among the best and wisest of English statesmen. J. A. Symonds.

2. To reckon; to rely; to depend; -- with on or upon.

He was brewer to the palace; and it was apprehended that the government counted on his voice. Macaulay.

I think it a great error to count upon the genius of a nation as a standing argument in all ages. Swift.

3. To take account or note; -- with of. [Obs.] "No man counts of her beauty." Shak.

4. (Eng. Law) To plead orally; to argue a matter in court; to recite a count. Burrill.

Count, n. [F. conte and compte, with different meanings, fr. L. computus a computation, fr. computare. See Count, v. t.] 1. The act of numbering; reckoning; also, the number ascertained by counting.

Of blessed saints for to increase the count. Spenser.

By this count, I shall be much in years. Shak.

2. An object of interest or account; value; estimation. [Obs.] "All his care and count." Spenser.

3. (Law) A formal statement of the plaintiff's case in court; in a more technical and correct sense, a particular allegation or charge in a declaration or indictment, separately setting forth the cause of action or prosecution. Wharton.

&fist; In the old law books, count was used synonymously with declaration. When the plaintiff has but a single cause of action, and makes but one statement of it, that statement is called indifferently count or declaration, most generally, however, the latter. But where the suit embraces several causes, or the plaintiff makes several different statements of the same cause of action, each statement is called a count, and all of them combined, a declaration. Bouvier. Wharton.

Count, n. [F. conte, fr. L. comes, comitis, associate, companion, one of the imperial court or train, properly, one who goes with another; com- + ire to go, akin to Skr. i to go.] A nobleman on the continent of Europe, equal in rank to an English earl.

&fist; Though the tittle Count has never been introduced into Britain, the wives of Earls have, from the earliest period of its history, been designated as Countesses. Brande & C.

Count palatine. (a) Formerly, the proprietor of a county who possessed royal prerogatives within his county, as did the Earl of Chester, the Bishop of Durham, and the Duke of Lancaster. [Eng.] See County palatine, under County. (b) Originally, a high judicial officer of the German emperors; afterward, the holder of a fief, to whom was granted the right to exercise certain imperial powers within his own domains. [Germany]

Count"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable of being numbered.

Coun"te*nance (koun"t&esl;*nans), n. [OE. contenance, countenaunce, demeanor, composure, F. contenance demeanor, fr. L. continentia continence, LL. also, demeanor, fr. L. continere to hold together, repress, contain. See Contain, and cf. Continence.] 1. Appearance or expression of the face; look; aspect; mien.

So spake the Son, and into terror changed His countenance. Milton.

2. The face; the features.

In countenance somewhat doth resemble you. Shak.

3. Approving or encouraging aspect of face; hence, favor, good will, support; aid; encouragement.

Thou hast made him . . . glad with thy countenance. Ps. xxi. 6.

This is the magistrate's peculiar province, to give countenance to piety and virtue, and to rebuke vice. Atterbury.

4. Superficial appearance; show; pretense. [Obs.]

The election being done, he made countenance of great discontent thereat. Ascham.

In countenance, in an assured condition or aspect; free from shame or dismay. "It puts the learned in countenance, and gives them a place among the fashionable part of mankind." Addison. -- Out of countenance, not bold or assured; confounded; abashed. "Their best friends were out of countenance, because they found that the imputations . . . were well grounded." Clarendon. -- To keep the countenance, to preserve a composed or natural look, undisturbed by passion or emotion. Swift.

Coun"te*nance (koun"t?-nans), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Countenanced (-nanst); p. pr. & vb. n. Countenancing.] 1. To encourage; to favor; to approve; to aid; to abet.

This conceit, though countenanced by learned men, is not made out either by experience or reason. Sir T. Browne.

Error supports custom, custom countenances error. Milton.

2. To make a show of; to pretend. [Obs.]

Which to these ladies love did countenance. Spenser.

Coun"te*nan*cer (-nan-s?r), n. One who countenances, favors, or supports.

Coun"ter (koun"t?r-). [See Counter, adv. ] A prefix meaning contrary, opposite, in opposition; as, counteract, counterbalance, countercheck. See Counter, adv. & a.

Count"er (koun"t?r), n. [OE. countere, countour, a counter (in sense 1), OF. contere, conteor, fr. conter to count. See Count, v. t. ] 1. One who counts, or reckons up; a calculator; a reckoner.

2. A piece of metal, ivory, wood, or bone, used in reckoning, in keeping account of games, etc.

The old gods of our own race whose names . . . serve as counters reckon the days of the week. E. B. Tylor.

What comes the wool to? . . . I can not do it without counters. Shak.

3. Money; coin; -- used in contempt. [Obs.]

To lock such rascal counters from his friends. Shak.

4. A prison; either of two prisons formerly in London.

Anne Aysavugh . . . imprisoned in the Counter. Fuller.

5. A telltale; a contrivance attached to an engine, printing press, or other machine, for the purpose of counting the revolutions or the pulsations. Knight.

Coun"ter, n. [OE. countour, OF. contouer, comptouer, F. comptoir, LL. computatorium, prop., a computing place, place of accounts, fr. L. computare. See Count, v. t.] A table or board on which money is counted and over which business is transacted; a long, narrow table or bench, on which goods are laid for examination by purchasers, or on which they are weighed or measured.

Coun"ter, adv. [F. contre, fr. L. contra against. Cf. Contra-.] 1. Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite direction; contrariwise; -- used chiefly with run or go.

Running counter to all the rules of virtue. Locks.

2. In the wrong way; contrary to the right course; as, a hound that runs counter.

This is counter, you false Danish dogs! Shak.

3. At or against the front or face. [R.]

Which [darts] they never throw counter, but at the back of the flier. Sandys.

Coun"ter, a. Contrary; opposite; contrasted; opposed; adverse; antagonistic; as, a counter current; a counter revolution; a counter poison; a counter agent; counter fugue. "Innumerable facts attesting the counter principle." I. Taylor.