Chapter 65

Con*crew" (?), v. i. [See Concrete, a., and Accrue.] To grow together. [Obs.] Spenser.

Con*crim`i*na"tion (?), n. A joint accusation.

Con*cu"bi*na*cy (?), n. The practice of concubinage. [Obs.] Strype.

Con*cu"bi*nage (?), n. 1. The cohabiting of a man and a woman who are not legally married; the state of being a concubine.

&fist; In some countries, concubinage is marriage of an inferior kind, or performed with less solemnity than a true or formal marriage; or marriage with a woman of inferior condition, to whom the husband does not convey his rank or quality. Under Roman law, it was the living of a man and woman in sexual relations without marriage, but in conformity with local law.

2. (Law) A plea, in which it is alleged that the woman suing for dower was not lawfully married to the man in whose lands she seeks to be endowed, but that she was his concubine.

Con*cu"bi*nal (?), a. [L. concubinalis.] Of or pertaining to concubinage.

Con*cu`bi*na"ri*an (?), a. & n. Concubinary.

The married and concubinarian, as well as looser clergy. Milman.

Con*cu"bi*na*ry (?), a. [LL. concubinarius.] Relating to concubinage; living in concubinage.

Con*cu"bi*na*ry, n.; pl. Concubinaries (#). One who lives in concubinage. Jer. Taylor.

Con*cu"bi*nate (?), n. [L. concubinatus.] Concubinage. [Obs.] Johnson.

Con"cu*bine (?), n. [F., fr. L. concubina; con- + cubare to lie down, concumbere to lie together, akin to E. cubit.] 1. A woman who cohabits with a man without being his wife; a paramour.

&fist; Concubine has been sometimes, but rarely, used of a male paramour as well as of a female. Trench.

2. A wife of inferior condition; a lawful wife, but not united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of inferior condition. Such were Hagar and Keturah, the concubines of Abraham; and such concubines were allowed by the Roman laws. Their children were not heirs of their father.

Con*cul"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concultated; p. pr. & vb. n. Conculcating.] [L. conculcatus, p. p. of conculcare to conculcate fr. calx heel.] To tread or trample under foot. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu

-- Con`cul*ca"tion (&?;), n. [Obs.]

Con*cu"pis*cence (?), n. [F., fr. L. concupiscentia.] Sexual lust; morbid carnal passion.

Concupiscence like a pestilence walketh in darkness. Horne.

Con*cu"pis*cent (?), a. [L. concupiscens, p. pr. of concupiscere, v. incho. of concupere to long for; con- + cupere. See Covet.] Having sexual lust; libidinous; lustful; lecherous; salacious. Johnson.

Con*cu`pis*cen"tial (?), a. Relating to concupiscence. [Obs.] Johnson.

Con*cu`pis*cen"tious (?), a. Concupiscent. [Obs.]

Con*cu`pis*ci*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. concupiscible.] 1. Exciting to, or liable to be affected by, concupiscence; provoking lustful desires. Shak.

2. Exciting desire, good or evil.

The schools reduce all the passions to these two heads, the concupiscible and irascible appetite. South.

Con*cu"pis*ci*ble*ness, n. The state of being concupiscible. [Obs.]

Con"cu*py (?), n. Concupiscence. [Used only in "Troilus and Cressida"] Shak.

Con*cur" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Concurred (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Concurring.] [L. concurrere to run together, agree; con- + currere to run. See Current.] 1. To run together; to meet. [Obs.]

Anon they fierce encountering both concurred With grisly looks and faces like their fates. J. Hughes.

2. To meet in the same point; to combine or conjoin; to contribute or help toward a common object or effect.

When outward causes concur. Jer. Colier.

3. To unite or agree (in action or opinion); to join; to act jointly; to agree; to coincide; to correspond.

Mr. Burke concurred with Lord Chatham in opinion. Fox.

Tories and Whigs had concurred in paying honor to Walker. Makaulay.

This concurs directly with the letter. Shak.

4. To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Milton.

Syn. -- To agree; unite; combine; conspire; coincide; approve; acquiesce; assent.

Con*cur"rence (?), n. [F., competition, equality of rights, fr. LL. concurrentia competition.] 1. The act of concurring; a meeting or coming together; union; conjunction; combination.

We have no other measure but our own ideas, with the concurence of other probable reasons, to persuade us. Locke.

2. A meeting of minds; agreement in opinion; union in design or act; -- implying joint approbation.

Tarquin the Proud was expelled by the universal concurrence of nobles and people. Swift.

3. Agreement or consent, implying aid or contribution of power or influence; co÷peration.

We collect the greatness of the work, and the necessity of the divine concurrence to it. Rogers.

An instinct that works us to its own purposes without our concurrence. Burke.

4. A common right; coincidence of equal powers; as, a concurrence of jurisdiction in two different courts.

Con*cur"ren*cy (?), n. Concurrence.

Con*cur"rent (?), a. [F. concurrent, L. concurrens, p. pr. of concurrere.] 1. Acting in conjunction; agreeing in the same act or opinion; contributing to the same event or effect; co÷perating.

I join with these laws the personal presence of the kings' son, as a concurrent cause of this reformation. Sir J. Davies.

The concurrent testimony of antiquity. Bp. Warburton.

2. Conjoined; associate; concomitant; existing or happening at the same time.

There is no difference the concurrent echo and the iterant but the quickness or slowness of the return. Bacon.

Changes . . . concurrent with the visual changes in the eye. Tyndall.

3. Joint and equal in authority; taking cognizance of similar questions; operating on the same objects; as, the concurrent jurisdiction of courts.

4. (Geom.) Meeting in one point.

Syn. -- Meeting; uniting; accompanying; conjoined; associated; coincident; united.

Con*cur"rent, n. 1. One who, or that which, concurs; a joint or contributory cause.

To all affairs of importance there are three necessary concurrents . . . time, industry, and faculties. Dr. H. More.

2. One pursuing the same course, or seeking the same objects; hence, a rival; an opponent.

Menander . . . had no concurrent in his time that came near unto him. Holland.

3. (Chron.) One of the supernumerary days of the year over fifty-two complete weeks; -- so called because they concur with the solar cycle, the course of which they follow.

Con*cur"rent*ly, adv. With concurrence; unitedly.

Con*cur"rent*ness, n. The state or quality of being concurrent; concurrence.

Con*cur"ring (?), a. Agreeing.

Concurring figure (Geom.), one which, being laid on another, exactly meets every part of it, or one which corresponds with another in all its parts.

Con*cuss" (?), v. t. [L. concussus, p. p. of concutere. See Concussion.] 1. To shake or agitate. "Concussed with uncertainty." Daniel.

2. (Law) To force (a person) to do something, or give up something, by intimidation; to coerce. Wharton.

Con`cus*sa"tion (?), n. A violent shock or agitation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Con*cus"sion (?), n. [L. concussio, fr. concutere, concussum, to shake violenty; con- + quatere to shake. See Cashier, Quash.] 1. A shaking or agitation; a shock; caused by the collision of two bodies.

It is believed that great ringing of bells, in populous cities, hath dissipated pestilent air; which may be from the concussion of the air. Bacon.

2. (Med.) A condition of lowered functional activity, without visible structural change, produced in an organ by a shock, as by fall or blow; as, a concussion of the brain.

3. (Civil Law) The unlawful forcing of another by threats of violence to yield up something of value.

Then concussion, rapine, pilleries, Their catalogue of accusations fill. Daniel.

Concussion fuse (Mil.), one that is ignited by the concussion of the shell when it strikes.

Syn. -- See Shock.

Con*cus"sive (?), a. Having the power or quality of shaking or agitating. Johnson.

Cond (?), v. t. [OE. conduen, condien, F. conduire to conduct, fr. L. conducere. See Conduct, and cf. Con (Naut.), Conn. Cun.] (Naut.) To con, as a ship.

Con*demn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Condemned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Condemning (? or &?;).] [L. condemnare; con- + damnare to condemn: cf. F. condamner. See Damn.] 1. To pronounce to be wrong; to disapprove of; to censure.

Condemn the fault, and not the actor of it! Why, every fault's condemned ere it be done. Shak.

Wilt thou condemn him that is most just? Job xxxiv. 17.

2. To declare the guilt of; to make manifest the faults or unworthiness of; to convict of guilt.

The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it. Matt. xii. 42.

3. To pronounce a judicial sentence against; to sentence to punishment, suffering, or loss; to doom; -- with to before the penalty.

Driven out from bliss, condemned In this abhorred deep to utter woe. Milton.

To each his sufferings; all are men, Condemned alike to groan. Gray.

And they shall condemn him to death. Matt. xx. 18.

The thief condemned, in law already dead. Pope.

No flocks that range the valley free, To slaughter I condemn. Goldsmith.

4. To amerce or fine; -- with in before the penalty.

The king of Egypt . . . condemned the land in a hundred talents of silver. 2 Cron. xxxvi. 3.

5. To adjudge or pronounce to be unfit for use or service; to adjudge or pronounce to be forfeited; as, the ship and her cargo were condemned.

6. (Law) To doom to be taken for public use, under the right of eminent domain.

Syn. -- To blame; censure; reprove; reproach; upbraid; reprobate; convict; doom; sentence; adjudge.

Con"dem*na"ble (?), a. [L. condemnabilis.] Worthy of condemnation; blamable; culpable.

Con"dem*na"tion (?), n. [L. condemnatio.] 1. The act of condemning or pronouncing to be wrong; censure; blame; disapprobation.

In every other sense of condemnation, as blame, censure, reproof, private judgment, and the like. Paley.

2. The act of judicially condemning, or adjudging guilty, unfit for use, or forfeited; the act of dooming to punishment or forfeiture.

A legal and judicial condemnation. Paley.

Whose condemnation is pronounced. Shak.

3. The state of being condemned.

His pathetic appeal to posterity in the hopeless hour of condemnation. W. Irving.

4. The ground or reason of condemning.

This is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather light, because their deeds were evil. John iii. 19.

Con*dem"na*to*ry (?), a. Condemning; containing or imposing condemnation or censure; as, a condemnatory sentence or decree.

Con*demned" (?), a. 1. Pronounced to be wrong, guilty, worthless, or forfeited; adjudged or sentenced to punishment, destruction, or confiscation.

2. Used for condemned persons.

Richard Savage . . . had lain with fifty pounds weight of irons on his legs in the condemned ward of Newgate. Macaulay.

Con*dem"ner (? or ?), n. One who condemns or censures.

Con*den`sa*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being condensed.

Con*den"sa*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. condensable.] Capable of being condensed; as, vapor is condensable.

Con*den"sate (?), a. [L. condensatus, p. p. of condensare. See Condense, v. t.] Made dense; condensed.

Water . . . thickened or condensate. Peacham.

Con*den"sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Condensated; p. pr. & vb. n. Condensating.] To condense. [R.] Hammond.

Con`den*sa"tion (?), n. [L. condensatio: cf. F. condensation.] 1. The act or process of condensing or of being condensed; the state of being condensed.

He [Goldsmith] was a great and perhaps an unequaled master of the arts of selection and condensation. Macaulay.

2. (Physics) The act or process of reducing, by depression of temperature or increase of pressure, etc., to another and denser form, as gas to the condition of a liquid or steam to water.

3. (Chem.) A rearrangement or concentration of the different constituents of one or more substances into a distinct and definite compound of greater complexity and molecular weight, often resulting in an increase of density, as the condensation of oxygen into ozone, or of acetone into mesitylene.

Condensation product (Chem.), a substance obtained by the polymerization of one substance, or by the union of two or more, with or without separation of some unimportant side products. -- Surface condensation, the system of condensing steam by contact with cold metallic surfaces, in distinction from condensation by the injection of cold water.

Con*den"sa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. condensatif.] Having the property of condensing.

Con*dense" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Condensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Condensing.] [L. condensare; con- + densare to make thick or dense, densus thick, dense: cf. F. condenser. See Dense, and cf. Condensate.] 1. To make more close, compact, or dense; to compress or concentrate into a smaller compass; to consolidate; to abridge; to epitomize.

In what shape they choose, Dilated or condensed, bright or obscure. Milton.

The secret course pursued at Brussels and at Madrid may be condensed into the usual formula, dissimulation, procrastination, and again dissimulation. Motley.

2. (Chem. & Physics) To reduce into another and denser form, as by cold or pressure; as, to condense gas into a liquid form, or steam into water.

Condensed milk, milk reduced to the consistence of very thick cream by evaporation (usually with addition of sugar) for preservation and transportation. -- Condensing engine, a steam engine in which the steam is condensed after having exerted its force on the piston.

Syn. -- To compress; contract; crowd; thicken; concentrate; abridge; epitomize; reduce.

Con*dense", v. i. 1. To become more compact; to be reduced into a denser form.

Nitrous acid is gaseous at ordinary temperatures, but condenses into a very volatile liquid at the zero of Fahrenheit. H. Spencer.

2. (Chem.) (a) To combine or unite (as two chemical substances) with or without separation of some unimportant side products. (b) To undergo polymerization.

Con*dense", a. [L. condensus.] Condensed; compact; dense. [R.]

The huge condense bodies of planets. Bentley.

Con*dens"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, condenses.

2. (Physic) (a) An instrument for condensing air or other elastic fluids, consisting of a cylinder having a movable piston to force the air into a receiver, and a valve to prevent its escape. (b) An instrument for concentrating electricity by the effect of induction between conducting plates separated by a nonconducting plate. (c) A lens or mirror, usually of short focal distance, used to concentrate light upon an object.

3. (Chem.) An apparatus for receiving and condensing the volatile products of distillation to a liquid or solid form, by cooling.

4. (Steam Engine) An apparatus, separate from the cylinder, in which the exhaust steam is condensed by the action of cold water or air. See Illust. of Steam engine.

Achromatic condenser (Optics), an achromatic lens used as a condenser. -- Bull's-eye condenser, or Bull's-eye (Optics), a lens of short focal distance used for concentrating rays of light. -- Injection condenser, a vessel in which steam is condensed by the direct contact of water. -- Surface condenser, an apparatus for condensing steam, especially the exhaust of a steam engine, by bringing it into contact with metallic surface cooled by water or air.

Con*den"si*ble (?), a. Capable of being condensed; as, a gas condensible to a liquid by cold.

Cond"er (?), n. [From Cond.] One who watches shoals of fish; a balker. See Balker.

Con`de*scend" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Condescended; p. pr. & vb. n. Condescending.] [F. condescendre, LL. condescendere, fr. L. con- + descendere. See Descend.] 1. To stoop or descend; to let one's self down; to submit; to waive the privilege of rank or dignity; to accommodate one's self to an inferior. "Condescend to men of low estate." Rom. xii. 16.

Can they think me so broken, so debased With corporal servitude, that my mind ever Will condescend to such absurd commands? Milton.

Spain's mighty monarch, In gracious clemency, does condescend, On these conditions, to become your friend. Dryden.

Often used ironically, implying an assumption of superiority.

Those who thought they were honoring me by condescending to address a few words to me. F. W. Robinson.

2. To consent. [Obs.]

All parties willingly condescended heruento. R. Carew.

Syn. -- To yield; stoop; descend; deign; vouchsafe.

{ Con`de*scend"ence (?), Con`de*scend"en*cy (?) }, n. [Cf. F. condescendance.] Condescension. [Obs.]

Con`de*scend"ing*ly (?), adv. In a condescending manner. Atterbury.

Con`de*scen"sion (?), n. [L. condescensio.] The act of condescending; voluntary descent from one's rank or dignity in intercourse with an inferior; courtesy toward inferiors.

It forbids pride . . . and commands humility, modesty, and condescension to others. Tillotson.

Such a dignity and condescension . . . as are suitable to a superior nature. Addison.

Syn. -- Complaisance; courtesy; affability.

Con`de*scent" (?), n. [Cf. Condescend, Descent.] An act of condescension. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Con*dign" (?), a. [F. condigne, L. condignus very worthy; con- + dignus worthy. See Deign, and cf. Digne.] 1. Worthy; suitable; deserving; fit. [Obs.]

Condign and worthy praise. Udall.

Herself of all that rule she deemend most condign. Spenser.

2. Deserved; adequate; suitable to the fault or crime. "Condign censure." Milman.

Unless it were a bloody murderer . . . I never gave them condign punishment. Shak.

Con*dig"ni*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. condignitÚ.] (Scholastic Theol.) Merit, acquired by works, which can claim reward on the score of general benevolence.

Such a worthiness of condignity, and proper merit of the heavenly glory, cannot be found in any the best, most perfect, and excellent of created beings. Bp. Bull.

Con*dign"ly (?), adv. According to merit.

Con*dign"ness, n. Agreeableness to deserts; suitableness.

Con"di*ment (?), n. [L. condimentum, fr. condire. See Condite.] Something used to give relish to food, and to gratify the taste; a pungment and appetizing substance, as pepper or mustard; seasoning.

As for radish and the like, they are for condiments, and not for nourishment. Bacon.

Con`dis*ci"ple (?), n. [L. condiscipulus. See Disciple.] A schoolfellow; a fellow-student. [R.]

Con"dite (?), a. [L. conditus, p. p. of condire to preserve, pickle, season. See Recondite.] Preserved; pickled. [Obs.] Burton.

Con*dite" (?), v. t. To pickle; to preserve; as, to condite pears, quinces, etc. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Con*di"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. conditio (better condicio) agreement, compact, condition; con- + a root signifying to show, point out, akin to dicere to say, dicare to proclaim, dedicate. See Teach, Token.] 1. Mode or state of being; state or situation with regard to external circumstances or influences, or to physical or mental integrity, health, strength, etc.; predicament; rank; position, estate.

I am in my condition A prince, Miranda; I do think, a king. Shak.

And O, what man's condition can be worse Than his whom plenty starves and blessings curse? Cowley.

The new conditions of life. Darwin.

2. Essential quality; property; attribute.

It seemed to us a condition and property of divine powers and beings to be hidden and unseen to others. Bacon.

3. Temperament; disposition; character. [Obs.]

The condition of a saint and the complexion of a devil. Shak.

4. That which must exist as the occasion or concomitant of something else; that which is requisite in order that something else should take effect; an essential qualification; stipulation; terms specified.

I had as lief take her dowry with this condition, to be whipped at the high cross every morning. Shak.

Many are apt to believe remission of sins, but they believe it without the condition of repentance. Jer. Taylor.

5. (Law) A clause in a contract, or agreement, which has for its object to suspend, to defeat, or in some way to modify, the principal obligation; or, in case of a will, to suspend, revoke, or modify a devise or bequest. It is also the case of a future uncertain event, which may or may not happen, and on the occurrence or non-occurrence of which, the accomplishment, recission, or modification of an obligation or testamentary disposition is made to depend. Blount. Tomlins. Bouvier. Wharton.

Equation of condition. (Math.) See under Equation. -- On or Upon condition (that), used for if in introducing conditional sentences. "Upon condition thou wilt swear to pay him tribute . . . thou shalt be placed as viceroy under him." Shak. -- Conditions of sale, the terms on which it is proposed to sell property by auction; also, the instrument containing or expressing these terms.

Syn. -- State; situation; circumstances; station; case; mode; plight; predicament; stipulation; qualification; requisite; article; provision; arrangement. See State.

Con*di"tion (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Conditioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Conditioning.] 1. To make terms; to stipulate.

Pay me back my credit, And I'll condition with ye. Beau. & Fl.

2. (Metaph.) To impose upon an object those relations or conditions without which knowledge and thought are alleged to be impossible.

To think of a thing is to condition. Sir W. Hamilton.

Con*di"tion, v. t. [Cf. LL. conditionare. See Condition, n.] 1. To invest with, or limit by, conditions; to burden or qualify by a condition; to impose or be imposed as the condition of.

Seas, that daily gain upon the shore, Have ebb and flow conditioning their march. Tennyson.

2. To contract; to stipulate; to agree.

It was conditioned between Saturn and Titan, that Saturn should put to death all his male children. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. (U. S. Colleges) To put under conditions; to require to pass a new examination or to make up a specified study, as a condition of remaining in one's class or in college; as, to condition a student who has failed in some branch of study.

4. To test or assay, as silk (to ascertain the proportion of moisture it contains). McElrath.

Con*di"tion*al (?), a. [L. conditionalis.] 1. Containing, implying, or depending on, a condition or conditions; not absolute; made or granted on certain terms; as, a conditional promise.

Every covenant of God with man . . . may justly be made (as in fact it is made) with this conditional punishment annexed and declared. Bp. Warburton.

2. (Gram. & Logic) Expressing a condition or supposition; as, a conditional word, mode, or tense.

A conditional proposition is one which asserts the dependence of one categorical proposition on another. Whately.

The words hypothetical and conditional may be . . . used synonymously. J. S. Mill.

Con*di"tion*al, n. 1. A limitation. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A conditional word, mode, or proposition.

Disjunctives may be turned into conditionals. L. H. Atwater.

Con*di`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being conditional, or limited; limitation by certain terms.

Con*di"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In a conditional manner; subject to a condition or conditions; not absolutely or positively. Shak.

Con*di"tion*ate (?), a. [LL. conditionatus, p. p. See Condition, v. t.] Conditional. [Obs.]

Barak's answer is faithful, though conditionate. Bp. Hall.

Con*di"tion*ate (?), v. t. 1. To qualify by conditions; to regulate. [Obs.]

2. To put under conditions; to render conditional.

Con*di"tioned (?), a. 1. Surrounded; circumstanced; in a certain state or condition, as of property or health; as, a well conditioned man.

The best conditioned and unwearied spirit. Shak.

2. Having, or known under or by, conditions or relations; not independent; not absolute.

Under these, thought is possible only in the conditioned interval. Sir W. Hamilton.

Con*di"tion*ly, adv. Conditionally. [Obs.]

Con"di*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Conditories (#). [L. conditorium, fr. condere to hide. See Recondite.] A repository for holding things; a hinding place.