Chapter 64

||Con*cet"to (?; It. ?), n.; pl. Concetti (#). [It., fr. L. conceptus. See Conceit.] Affected wit; a conceit. Chesterfield.

Conch (?), n. [L. concha, Gr. &?;. See Coach, n.] 1. (Zo÷l.) A name applied to various marine univalve shells; esp. to those of the genus Strombus, which are of large size. S. gigas is the large pink West Indian conch. The large king, queen, and cameo conchs are of the genus Cassis. See Cameo.

&fist; The conch is sometimes used as a horn or trumpet, as in fogs at sea, or to call laborers from work.

2. In works of art, the shell used by Tritons as a trumpet.

3. One of the white natives of the Bahama Islands or one of their descendants in the Florida Keys; -- so called from the commonness of the conch there, or because they use it for food.

4. (Arch.) See Concha, n.

5. The external ear. See Concha, n., 2.

||Con"cha (?), n. [LL. (in sense 1), fr. &?; concha. See Conch.] 1. (Arch.) The plain semidome of an apse; sometimes used for the entire apse.

2. (Anat.) The external ear; esp. the largest and deepest concavity of the external ear, surrounding the entrance to the auditory canal.

Con"chal (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the concha, or external ear; as, the conchal cartilage.

Con"chi*fer (?), n. [Cf. F. conchofŔre.] (Zo÷l.) One of the Conchifera.

||Con*chif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. concha + ferre to bear.] (Zo÷l.) That class of Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells; the Lamellibranchiata. See Mollusca.

Con*chif"er*ous (?), a. Producing or having shells.

Con"chi*form, a. [Conch + -form.] Shaped like one half of a bivalve shell; shell-shaped.

Con"chi*nine (? or ?), n. [Formed by transposition fr. cinchonine.] See Quinidine.

Con"chite (?), n. [Cf. F. conchite. See Conch.] (Paleon.) A fossil or petrified conch or shell.

Con*chit"ic (?), a. Composed of shells; containing many shells.

Con"choid (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; shell + &?; form: cf. F. concho´de.] (Geom.) A curve, of the fourth degree, first made use of by the Greek geometer, Nicomedes, who invented it for the purpose of trisecting an angle and duplicating the cube.

Con*choid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. concho´dal.] (Min.) Having elevations or depressions in form like one half of a bivalve shell; -- applied principally to a surface produced by fracture.

Con`cho*log"ic*al (?), a. (Zo÷l.) Pertaining to, or connected with, conchology.

Con*chol"o*gist (?), n. (Zo÷l.) One who studies, or is versed in, conchology.

Con*chol"o*gy (?), n. [Conch + -logy.] (Zo÷l.) The science of Mollusca, and of the shells which they form; malacology.

Con*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Conch + -meter.] (Zo÷l.) An instrument for measuring shells, or the angle of their spire.

Con*chom"e*try (?), n. (Zo÷l.) The art of measuring shells or their curves; conchyliometry.

Con`cho-spi"ral (?), n. A kind of spiral curve found in certain univalve shells. Agassiz.

{ Con`chy*la"ceous (?), Con*chyl`i*a"ceous (?) }, a. [L. conchylium shell, Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;, equiv. to &?;. See Conch.] Of or pertaining to shells; resembling a shell; as, conchyliaceous impressions. Kirwan.

{ Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gist (?), n., Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gy (?), } n. See Conchologist, and Conchology.

Con*chyl`i*om"e*try (?), n. [Gr. &?; + -metry.] Same as Conchometry.

Con*chyl"i*ous (?), a. Conchylaceous.

Con"ci*a`tor (?), n. [It. conciatore, fr. conciare to adjust, dress, fr. L. comtus, p. p. See Compt, a.] (Glass Works) The person who weighs and proportions the materials to be made into glass, and who works and tempers them.

||Con`cierge" (?), n. [F.] One who keeps the entrance to an edifice, public or private; a doorkeeper; a janitor, male or female.

Con*cil"i*a*ble (?), n. [L. conciliabulum, fr. concitium assembly: cf. F. conciliabule. See Council.] A small or private assembly, especially of an ecclesiastical nature. [Obs.] Bacon.

Con*cil"i*a*ble, a. [Cf. F. conciliable.] Capable of being conciliated or reconciled. Milton.

Con*cil"i*a*bule (?), n. [See Conciliable, n.] An obscure ecclesiastical council; a conciliable. Milman.

{ Con*cil"i*ar (?), Con*cil"i*a*ry (?) } a. [Cf. F. conciliare.] Of or pertaining to, or issued by, a council. Jer. Taylor.

Con*cil"i*ate (?; 106), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Conciliated; p. pr & vb. n. Conciliating.] [L. conciliatus, p. p. of conciliare to draw or bring together, unite, from concilium council. See Council.] To win ower; to gain from a state of hostility; to gain the good will or favor of; to make friendly; to mollify; to propitiate; to appease.

The rapacity of his father's administration had excited such universal discontent, that it was found expedient to conciliate the nation. Hallam.

Syn. -- To reconcile; propitiate; appease; pacify.

Con*cil`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. conciliatio.] The act or process of conciliating; the state of being conciliated.

The house has gone further; it has declared conciliation admissible previous to any submission on the part of America. Burke.

Con*cil"i*a*tive (?), a. Conciliatory. Coleridge.

Con*cil"i*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who conciliates.

Con*cil"i*a*to*ry (?; 106), a. Tending to conciliate; pacific; mollifying; propitiating.

The only alternative, therefore, was to have recourse to the conciliatory policy. Prescott.

Con*cin"nate (?), v. t. [L. concinnatus, p. p. of concinnare to concinnate. See Concinnity.] To place fitly together; to adapt; to clear. [Obs.] Holland.

Con*cin"ni*ty (?), n. [L. concinnitas, fr. concinnus skillfully put together, beautiful. Of uncertain origin.] Internal harmony or fitness; mutual adaptation of parts; elegance; -- used chiefly of style of discourse. [R.]

An exact concinnity and eveness of fancy. Howell.

Con*cin"nous (?), a. [L. concinnus.] Characterized by concinnity; neat; elegant. [R.]

The most concinnous and most rotund of proffessors, M. Heyne. De Quiency.

Con"cio*nate (?), v. i. [L. concionatus, p. p. of concionari to adress.] To preach. [Obs.] Lithgow.

Con"cio*na`tor (?), n. [L.] 1. An haranguer of the people; a preacher.

2. (Old Law) A common councilman. [Obs.]

Con"cio*na`to*ry (?; 106), a. Of or pertaining to preaching or public addresses. [Obs.] Howell.

Con*cise" (?), a. [L. concisus cut off, short, p. p. of concidere to cut to pieces; con- + caedere to cut; perh. akin to scindere to cleave, and to E. shed, v. t.; cf. F. concis.] Expressing much in a few words; condensed; brief and compacted; -- used of style in writing or speaking.

The concise style, which expresseth not enough, but leaves somewhat to be understood. B. Jonson.

Where the author is . . . too brief and concise, amplify a little. I. Watts.

Syn. -- Laconic; terse; brief; short; compendious; summary; succinct. See Laconic, and Terse.

Con*cise"ly, adv. In a concise manner; briefly.

Con*cise"ness, n. The quality of being concise.

Con*ci"sion (?), n. [L. concisio: cf. F. concision. See Concise.] A cutting off; a division; a schism; a faction. South.

Con`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. concitatio. See Concite.] The act of stirring up, exciting, or agitating. [Obs.] "The concitation of humors." Sir T. Browne.

Con*cite" (?), v. t. [L. concitare; con- + citare. See Cite.] To excite or stir up. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Con`cla*ma"tion (?), n. [L. conclamatio.] An outcry or shout of many together. [R.]

Before his funeral conclamation. May (Lucan).

Con"clave (? or ?; 277), n. [F., fr. L. conclave a room that may locked up; con- + clavis key. See Clavicle.] 1. The set of apartments within which the cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church are continuously secluded while engaged in choosing a pope.

2. The body of cardinals shut up in the conclave for the election of a pope; hence, the body of cardinals.

It was said a cardinal, by reason of his apparent likelihood to step into St. Peter's chair, that in two conclaves he went in pope and came out again cardinal. South.

3. A private meeting; a close or secret assembly.

The verdicts pronounced by this conclave (Johnson's Club) on new books, were speedily known over all London. Macaulay.

To be in conclave, to be engaged in a secret meeting; -- said of several, or a considerable number of, persons.

Con"cla`vist (?), n. [Cf. F. conclaviste, It. conclavista.] One of the two ecclesiastics allowed to attend a cardinal in the conclave.

Con*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Concluding.] [L. concludere, conclusum; con- + claudere to shut. See Close, v. t.] 1. To shut up; to inclose. [Obs.]

The very person of Christ [was] concluded within the grave. Hooker.

2. To include; to comprehend; to shut up together; to embrace. [Obs.]

For God hath concluded all in unbelief. Rom. xi. 32.

The Scripture hath concluded all under sin. Gal. iii. 22.

3. To reach as an end of reasoning; to infer, as from premises; to close, as an argument, by inferring; -- sometimes followed by a dependent clause.

No man can conclude God's love or hatred to any person by anything that befalls him. Tillotson.

Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith. Rom. iii. 28.

4. To make a final determination or judgment concerning; to judge; to decide.

But no frail man, however great or high, Can be concluded blest before he die. Addison.

Is it concluded he shall be protector? Shak.

5. To bring to an end; to close; to finish.

I will conclude this part with the speech of a counselor of state. Bacon.

6. To bring about as a result; to effect; to make; as, to conclude a bargain. "If we conclude a peace." Shak.

7. To shut off; to restrain; to limit; to estop; to bar; -- generally in the passive; as, the defendant is concluded by his own plea; a judgment concludes the introduction of further evidence argument.

If therefore they will appeal to revelation for their creation they must be concluded by it. Sir M. Hale.

Syn. -- To infer; decide; determine; settle; close; finish; terminate; end.

Con*clude", v. i. 1. To come to a termination; to make an end; to close; to end; to terminate.

A train of lies, That, made in lust, conclude in perjuries. Dryden.

And, to conclude, The victory fell on us. Shak.

2. To form a final judgment; to reach a decision.

Can we conclude upon Luther's instability? Bp. Atterbury.

Conclude and be agreed. Shak.

Con*clud"en*cy (?), n. Deduction from premises; inference; conclusion. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Con*clud"ent (?), a. [L. concludens, p. pr.] Bringing to a close; decisive; conclusive. [Obs.]

Arguments highly consequential and concludent to my purpose. Sir M. Hale.

Con*clud"er (?), n. One who concludes.

Con*clud"ing*ly, adv. Conclusively. [R.] Digby.

Con*clu"si*ble (?), a. Demonstrable; determinable. [Obs.] Hammond.

Con*clu"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. conclusio. See Conclude.] 1. The last part of anything; close; termination; end.

A fluorish of trumpets announced the conclusion of the contest. Prescott.

2. Final decision; determination; result.

And the conclusion is, she shall be thine. Shak.

3. Any inference or result of reasoning.

4. (Logic) The inferred proposition of a syllogism; the necessary consequence of the conditions asserted in two related propositions called premises. See Syllogism.

He granted him both the major and minor, but denied him the conclusion. Addison.

5. Drawing of inferences. [Poetic]

Your wife Octavia, with her modest eyes And still conclusion. Shak.

6. An experiment, or something from which a conclusion may be drawn. [Obs.]

We practice likewise all conclusions of grafting and inoculating. Bacon.

7. (Law) (a) The end or close of a pleading, e.g., the formal ending of an indictment, "against the peace," etc. (b) An estoppel or bar by which a person is held to a particular position. Wharton.

Conclusion to the country (Law), the conclusion of a pleading by which a party "puts himself upon the country," i.e., appeals to the verdict of a jury. Mozley & W. -- In conclusion. (a) Finally. (b) In short. -- To try conclusions, to make a trial or an experiment.

Like the famous ape, To try conclusions, in the basket creep. Shak.

Syn. -- Inference; deduction; result; consequence; end; decision. See Inference.

Con*clu"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. conclusif.] Belonging to a close or termination; decisive; convincing; putting an end to debate or question; leading to, or involving, a conclusion or decision.

Secret reasons . . . equally conclusive for us as they were for them. Rogers.

Conclusive evidence (Law), that of which, from its nature, the law allows no contradiction or explanation. -- Conclusive presumption (Law), an inference which the law makes so peremptorily that it will not allow it to be overthrown by any contrary proof, however strong.

Syn. -- Final; ultimate; unanswerable. See Final.

Con*clu"sive*ly (?), adv. In the way of conclusion; decisively; positively. Burke.

Con*clu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being conclusive; decisiveness.

Con*clu"so*ry (?), a. Conclusive. [R.]

Con*coct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concocted; p. pr. & vb. n. Concocting.] [L. concoctus, p. p. of concoquere to cook together, to digest, mature; con- + coquere to cook. See Cook.] 1. To digest; to convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition. [Obs.]

Food is concocted, the heart beats, the blood circulates. Cheyne.

2. To purify or refine chemically. [Obs.] Thomson.

3. To prepare from crude materials, as food; to invent or prepare by combining different ingredients; as, to concoct a new dish or beverage.

4. To digest in the mind; to devise; to make up; to contrive; to plan; to plot.

He was a man of a feeble stomach, unable to concoct any great fortune. Hayward.

5. To mature or perfect; to ripen. [Obs.] Bacon.

Con*coct"er (?), n. One who concocts.

Con*coc"tion (?), n. [L. concoctio.] 1. A change in food produced by the organs of nutrition; digestion. [Obs.]

2. The act of concocting or preparing by combining different ingredients; also, the food or compound thus prepared.

3. The act of digesting in the mind; planning or devising; rumination. Donne.

4. (Med.) Abatement of a morbid process, as a fever and return to a normal condition. [Obs.]

5. The act of perfecting or maturing. [Obs.] Bacon.

Con*coct"ive (?), a. Having the power of digesting or ripening; digestive.

Hence the concoctive powers, with various art, Subdue the cruder aliments to chyle. J. Armstrong.

Con"col`or (?), a. [L. concolor; con- + color color.] Of the same color; of uniform color. [R.] "Concolor animals." Sir T. Browne.

Con"col`or*ous (?), a. (Zo÷l.) Of the same color throughout.

{ Con*com"i*tance (?), Con*com"i*tan*cy (?) }, n. [Cf. F. concomitance, fr. LL. concomitantia.] 1. The state of accompanying; accompaniment.

The secondary action subsisteth not alone, but in concomitancy with the other. Sir T. Browne.

2. (R.C.Ch.) The doctrine of the existence of the entire body of Christ in the eucharist, under each element, so that the body and blood are both received by communicating in one kind only.

Con*com"i*tant (?), a. [F., fr. L. con- + comitari to accompany, comes companion. See Count a nobleman.] Accompanying; conjoined; attending.

It has pleased our wise Creator to annex to several objects, as also to several of our thoughts, a concomitant pleasure. Locke.

Con*com"i*tant, n. One who, or that which, accompanies, or is collaterally connected with another; a companion; an associate; an accompaniment.

Reproach is a concomitant to greatness. Addison.

The other concomitant of ingratitude is hardheartedness. South.

Con*com"i*tant*ly, adv. In company with others; unitedly; concurrently. Bp. pearson.

Con"cord (?), n. [F. concorde, L. concordia, fr. concors of the same mind, agreeing; con- + cor, cordis, heart. See Heart, and cf. Accord.] 1. A state of agreement; harmony; union.

Love quarrels oft in pleasing concord end. Milton.

2. Agreement by stipulation; compact; covenant; treaty or league. [Obs.]

The concord made between Henry and Roderick. Davies.

3. (Gram.) Agreement of words with one another, in gender, number, person, or case.

4. (Old Law) An agreement between the parties to a fine of land in reference to the manner in which it should pass, being an acknowledgment that the land in question belonged to the complainant. See Fine. Burril.

5. [Prob. influenced by chord.] (Mus.) An agreeable combination of tones simultaneously heard; a consonant chord; consonance; harmony.

Con"cord, n. A variety of American grape, with large dark blue (almost black) grapes in compact clusters.

Con*cord" (?), v. i. [F. concorder, L. concordare.] To agree; to act together. [Obs.] Clarendon.

Con*cord"a*ble (?), a. [L. concordabilis.] Capable of according; agreeing; harmonious.

Con*cord"ance (?), n. [F., fr. LL. concordantia.] 1. Agreement; accordance.

Contrasts, and yet concordances. Carlyle.

2. (Gram.) Concord; agreement. [Obs.] Aschlam.

3. An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the text of a book where each principal word may be found, with its immediate context in each place.

His knowledge of the Bible was such, that he might have been called a living concordance. Macaulay.

4. A topical index or orderly analysis of the contents of a book.

Con*cord"an*cy (?), n. Agreement. W. Montagu.

Con*cord"ant (?), a. [L. concordans, p. pr. of concordare: cf. F. concordant. See Concord.] Agreeing; correspondent; harmonious; consonant.

Were every one employed in points concordant to their natures, professions, and arts, commonwealths would rise up of themselves. Sir T. Browne

Con*cord"ant*ly, adv. In a concordant manner.

Con*cor"dat (?), n. [F. concordat, L. concordato, prop. p. p. of concordare. See Concord.] 1. A compact, covenant, or agreement concerning anything.

2. An agreement made between the pope and a sovereign or government for the regulation of ecclesiastical matters with which both are concerned; as, the concordat between Pope Pius VII and Bonaparte in 1801. Hook.

Con*cord"ist (?), n. The compiler of a concordance.

Con*cor"po*rate (?), v. t. & i. [L. concorporatus, p. p. of concorporare.] To unite in one mass or body; to incorporate. [Archaic.] Jer. Taylor.

Con*cor"po*rate (?), a. United in one body; incorporated. [Archaic] B. Jonson.

Con*cor`po*ra"tion (?), n. [L. concorporatio.] Union of things in one mass or body. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Con"course (?), n. [F. concours, L. concursus, fr. concurrere to run together. See Concur.] 1. A moving, flowing, or running together; confluence.

The good frame of the universe was not the product of chance or fortuitous concourse of particles of matter. Sir M. Hale.

2. An assembly; a gathering formed by a voluntary or spontaneous moving and meeting in one place.

Amidst the concourse were to be seen the noble ladies of Milan, in gay, fantastic cars, shining in silk brocade. Prescott.

3. The place or point of meeting or junction of two bodies. [Obs.]

The drop will begin to move toward the concourse of the glasses. Sir I. Newton.

4. An open space where several roads or paths meet; esp. an open space in a park where several roads meet.

5. Concurrence; co÷peration. [Obs.]

The divine providence is wont to afford its concourse to such proceeding. Barrow.

Con`cre*ate" (? or ?), v. t. To create at the same time.

If God did concreate grace with Adam. Jer. Taylor.

Con`cre*ma"tion (? or ?), n. [L. concrematio, fr. concremare. See Cremate.] The act of burning different things together. [Obs.]

Con"cre*ment (?), n. [L. concrementum, fr. concrescere. See Concrete.] A growing together; the collection or mass formed by concretion, or natural union. [Obs.]

The concrement of a pebble or flint. Sir M. Hale

Con*cres"cence (?), n. [L. concrescentia.] Coalescence of particles; growth; increase by the addition of particles. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Con*cres"ci*ble (?), a. [F.] Capable of being changed from a liquid to a solid state. [Obs.]

They formed a . . . fixed concrescible oil. Fourcroy (Trans. ).

Con*cres"cive (?), a. Growing together, or into union; uniting. [R.] Eclec. Rev.

Con"crete (? or ?), a. [L. concretus, p. p. of concrescere to grow together; con- + crescere to grow; cf. F. concret. See Crescent.] 1. United in growth; hence, formed by coalition of separate particles into one mass; united in a solid form.

The first concrete state, or consistent surface, of the chaos must be of the same figure as the last liquid state. Bp. Burnet.

2. (Logic) (a) Standing for an object as it exists in nature, invested with all its qualities, as distinguished from standing for an attribute of an object; -- opposed to abstract. Hence: (b) Applied to a specific object; special; particular; -- opposed to general. See Abstract, 3.

Concrete is opposed to abstract. The names of individuals are concrete, those of classes abstract. J. S. Mill.

Concrete terms, while they express the quality, do also express, or imply, or refer to, some subject to which it belongs. I. Watts.

Concrete number, a number associated with, or applied to, a particular object, as three men, five days, etc., as distinguished from an abstract number, or one used without reference to a particular object. -- Concrete quantity, a physical object or a collection of such objects. Davies & Peck. -- Concrete science, a physical science, one having as its subject of knowledge concrete things instead of abstract laws. -- Concrete sound or movement of the voice, one which slides continuously up or down, as distinguished from a discrete movement, in which the voice leaps at once from one line of pitch to another. Rush.

Con"crete, n. 1. A compound or mass formed by concretion, spontaneous union, or coalescence of separate particles of matter in one body.

To divide all concretes, minerals and others, into the same number of distinct substances. Boyle.

2. A mixture of gravel, pebbles, or broken stone with cement or with tar, etc., used for sidewalks, roadways, foundations, etc., and esp. for submarine structures.

3. (Logic) A term designating both a quality and the subject in which it exists; a concrete term.

The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the abstracts "paternity" and "filiety". J. S. Mill.

4. (Sugar Making) Sugar boiled down from cane juice to a solid mass.

Con*crete" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Concreted; p. pr & vb. n. Concreting.] To unite or coalesce, as separate particles, into a mass or solid body.

&fist; Applied to some substances, it is equivalent to indurate; as, metallic matter concretes into a hard body; applied to others, it is equivalent to congeal, thicken, inspissate, coagulate, as in the concretion of blood. "The blood of some who died of the plague could not be made to concrete." Arbuthnot.

Con*crete", v. t. 1. To form into a mass, as by the cohesion or coalescence of separate particles.

There are in our inferior world divers bodies that are concreted out of others. Sir M. Hale.

2. To cover with, or form of, concrete, as a pavement.

Con*crete"ly, adv. In a concrete manner.

Con*crete"ness, n. The quality of being concrete.

Con*cre"tion (?), n. [L. concretio.] 1. The process of concreting; the process of uniting or of becoming united, as particles of matter into a mass; solidification.

2. A mass or nodule of solid matter formed by growing together, by congelation, condensation, coagulation, induration, etc.; a clot; a lump; a calculus.

Accidental ossifications or deposits of phosphates of lime in certain organs . . . are called osseous concretions. Dunglison.

3. (Geol.) A rounded mass or nodule produced by an aggregation of the material around a center; as, the calcareous concretions common in beds of clay.

Con*cre"tion*al (?), a. Concretionary.

Con*cre"tion*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or formed by, concretion or aggregation; producing or containing concretions.

Con*cre"tive (?), a. Promoting concretion. Sir T. Browne.

Con*cre"tive*ly, adv. In a concrete manner.

Con*cre"ture (?; 135), n. A mass formed by concretion. [Obs.] Johnson.