Chapter 63

Con*cat"e*nate (k&obreve;n*kăt"&esl;*nāt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concatenated; p. pr. & vb. n. Concatenating.] [L. concatenatus, p. p. of concatenare to concatenate. See Catenate.] To link together; to unite in a series or chain, as things depending on one another.

This all things friendly will concatenate. Dr. H. More

Con*cat`e*na"tion (-nā"shŭn), n. [L. concatenatio.] A series of links united; a series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a succession.

The stoics affirmed a fatal, unchangeable concatenation of causes, reaching even to the illicit acts of man's will. South.

A concatenation of explosions. W. Irving.

Con*cause" (-k&add;z"), n. A joint cause. Fotherby.

Con`ca*va"tion (k&obreve;&nsm;`k&adot;*vā"shŭn), n. The act of making concave.

Con"cave (k&obreve;&nsm;*kā*v" or k&obreve;n"-; 277), a. [L. concavus; con- + cavus hollow: cf. F. concave. See Cave a hollow.] 1. Hollow and curved or rounded; vaulted; -- said of the interior of a curved surface or line, as of the curve of the of the inner surface of an eggshell, in opposition to convex; as, a concave mirror; the concave arch of the sky.

2. Hollow; void of contents. [R.]

As concave . . . as a worm-eaten nut. Shak.

Con"cave, n. [L. concavum.] 1. A hollow; an arched vault; a cavity; a recess.

Up to the fiery concave towering hight. Milton.

2. (Mech.) A curved sheath or breasting for a revolving cylinder or roll.

Con"cave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. concaved (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Concaving.] To make hollow or concave.

Con"caved (?), a. (Her.) Bowed in the form of an arch; -- called also arched.

Con"cave*ness, n. Hollowness; concavity.

Con*cav"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Concavities (#). [L. concavitas: cf. F. concavitÚ. See Concave.] A concave surface, or the space bounded by it; the state of being concave.

Con*ca`vo-con"cave (?), a. Concave or hollow on both sides; double concave.

Con*ca`vo-con"vex (?), a. 1. Concave on one side and convex on the other, as an eggshell or a crescent.

2. (Optics) Specifically, having such a combination of concave and convex sides as makes the focal axis the shortest line between them. See Illust. under Lens.

Con*ca*"vous (?), a. [L. concavus.] Concave. Abp. potter.

-- Con*ca"vous*ly, adv.

Con*ceal" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Concealing.] [OF. conceler, L. concelare; con- + celareto hide; akin to AS. helan, G. hehlen, E. hele (to cover), helmet. See Hell, Helmet.] To hide or withdraw from observation; to cover; to cover or keep from sight; to prevent the discovery of; to withhold knowledge of.

It is the glory of God to conceal a thing. Prov. xxv. 2.

Declare ye among the nations, . . . publish and conceal not. Jer. l. 2.

He which finds him shall deserve our thanks, . . . He that conceals him, death. Shak.

Syn. -- To hide; secrete; screen; cover; disguise; dissemble; mask; veil; cloak; screen. -- To Conceal, Hide, Disguise, Dissemble, Secrete. To hide is the generic term, which embraces all the rest. To conceal is simply not make known what we wish to keep secret. In the Bible hide often has the specific meaning of conceal. See 1 Sam. iii. 17, 18. To disguise or dissemble is to conceal by assuming some false appearance. To secrete is to hide in some place of secrecy. A man may conceal facts, disguise his sentiments, dissemble his feelings, secrete stolen goods.

Bur double griefs afflict concealing hearts. Spenser.

Both dissemble deeply their affections. Shak.

We have in these words a primary sense, which reveals a future state, and a secondary sense, which hides and secretes it. Warburton.

Con*ceal"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being concealed.

Con*cealed" (?), a. Hidden; kept from sight; secreted.

-- Con*ceal"ed*ly (&?;), adv. -- Con*ceal"ed*ness, n.

Concealed weapons (Law), dangerous weapons so carried on the person as to be knowingly or willfully concealed from sight, -- a practice forbidden by statute.

Con*ceal"er (?), n. One who conceals.

Con*ceal"ment (?), n. [OF. concelement.] 1. The act of concealing; the state of being concealed.

But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud, Feed on her damask cheek. Shak.

Some dear cause Will in concealment wrap me up awhile. Shak.

2. A place of hiding; a secret place; a retreat frem observation.

The cleft tree Offers its kind concealment to a few. Thomson.

3. A secret; out of the way knowledge. [Obs.]

Well read in strange concealments. Shak.

4. (Law) Suppression of such facts and circumstances as in justice ought to be made known. Wharton.

Con*cede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Conceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Conceding.] [L. concedere, concessum; con- + cedere to go along, give way, yield: cf. F. concÚder. See Cede.] 1. To yield or suffer; to surrender; to grant; as, to concede the point in question. Boyle.

2. To grant, as a right or privilege; to make concession of.

3. To admit to be true; to acknowledge.

We concede that their citizens were those who lived under different forms. Burke.

Syn. -- To grant; allow; admit; yield; surrender.

Con*cede", v. i. To yield or make concession.

I wished you to concede to America, at a time when she prayed concession at our feet. Burke.

Con*ceit" (?), n. [Through French, fr. L. conceptus a conceiving, conception, fr. concipere to conceive: cf. OF. p. p. nom. conciez conceived. See Conceive, and cf. Concept, Deceit.] 1. That which is conceived, imagined, or formed in the mind; idea; thought; image; conception.

In laughing, there ever procedeth a conceit of somewhat ridiculous. Bacon.

A man wise in his own conceit. Prov. xxvi. 12.

2. Faculty of conceiving ideas; mental faculty; apprehension; as, a man of quick conceit. [Obs.]

How often, alas! did her eyes say unto me that they loved! and yet I, not looking for such a matter, had not my conceit open to understand them. Sir P. Sidney.

3. Quickness of apprehension; active imagination; lively fancy.

His wit's as thick as Tewksbury mustard; there's more conceit in him than is in a mallet. Shak.

4. A fanciful, odd, or extravagant notion; a quant fancy; an unnatural or affected conception; a witty thought or turn of expression; a fanciful device; a whim; a quip.

On his way to the gibbet, a freak took him in the head to go off with a conceit. L'Estrange.

Some to conceit alone their works confine, And glittering thoughts struck out at every line. Pope.

Tasso is full of conceits . . . which are not only below the dignity of heroic verse but contrary to its nature. Dryden.

5. An overweening idea of one's self; vanity.

Plumed with conceit he calls aloud. Cotton.

6. Design; pattern. [Obs.] Shak.

In conceit with, in accord with; agreeing or conforming. -- Out of conceit with, not having a favorable opinion of; not pleased with; as, a man is out of conceit with his dress. -- To put [one] out of conceit with, to make one indifferent to a thing, or in a degree displeased with it.

Con*ceit" (?), v. t. To conceive; to imagine. [Archaic]

The strong, by conceiting themselves weak, are therebly rendered as inactive . . . as if they really were so. South.

One of two bad ways you must conceit me, Either a coward or a flatterer. Shak.

Con*ceit", v. i. To form an idea; to think. [Obs.]

Those whose . . . vulgar apprehensions conceit but low of matrimonial purposes. Milton.

Con*ceit"ed, a. 1. Endowed with fancy or imagination. [Obs.]

He was . . . pleasantly conceited, and sharp of wit. Knolles.

2. Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; vain.

If you think me too conceited Or to passion quickly heated. Swift.

Conceited of their own wit, science, and politeness. Bentley.

3. Curiously contrived or designed; fanciful. [Obs.]

A conceited chair to sleep in. Evelyn.

Syn. -- Vain; proud; opinionated; egotistical.

Con*ceit"ed*ly, adv. 1. In an egotistical manner.

2. Fancifully; whimsically.

Con*ceit"ed*ness, n. The state of being conceited; conceit; vanity. Addison.

Con*ceit"less, a. Without wit; stupid. [Obs.]

Think'st thou I am so shallow, so conceitless. To be seduced by thy flattery? Shak.

Con*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. concevable.] Capable of being conceived, imagined, or understood. "Any conceivable weight." Bp. Wilkins.

It is not conceivable that it should be indeed that very person whose shape and voice it assumed. Atterbury.

-- Con*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. -- Con*ceiv"a*bly, adv.

Con*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Conceived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Conceiving.] [OF. conzoivre, concever, conceveir, F. concevoir, fr. L. oncipere to take, to conceive; con- + capere to seize or take. See Capable, and cf. Conception.] 1. To receive into the womb and begin to breed; to begin the formation of the embryo of.

She hath also conceived a son in her old age. Luke i. 36.

2. To form in the mind; to plan; to devise; to generate; to originate; as, to conceive a purpose, plan, hope.

It was among the ruins of the Capitol that I first conceived the idea of a work which has amused and exercised near twenty years of my life. Gibbon.

Conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood. Is. lix. 13.

3. To apprehend by reason or imagination; to take into the mind; to know; to imagine; to comprehend; to understand. "I conceive you." Hawthorne.

O horror, horror, horror! Tongue nor heart Cannot conceive nor name thee! Shak.

You will hardly conceive him to have been bred in the same climate. Swift.

Syn. -- To apprehend; imagine; suppose; understand; comprehend; believe; think.

Con*ceive", v. i. 1. To have an embryo or fetus formed in the womb; to breed; to become pregnant.

A virgin shall conceive, and bear a son. Isa. vii. 14.

2. To have a conception, idea, or opinion; think; -- with of.

Conceive of things clearly and distinctly in their own natures. I. Watts.

Con*ceiv"er (?), n. One who conceives.

Con*cel"e*brate (?), v. t. [L. concelebratus, p. p. of concelebrare to concelebrate.] To celebrate together. [Obs.] Holland.

Con*cent" (?), n. [L. concentus, fr. concinere to sing together; con- + canere to sing.] 1. Concert of voices; concord of sounds; harmony; as, a concent of notes. [Archaic.] Bacon.

That undisturbed song of pure concent. Milton.

2. Consistency; accordance. [Obs.]

In concent to his own principles. Atterbury.

{ Con*cen"ter, Con*cen"tre } (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Concentered or Concentred (&?;); p. pr & vb. n. Concentering (?) or Concentring (&?;).] [F. concentrer, fr. L. con- + centrum center. See Center, and cf. Concentrate] To come to one point; to meet in, or converge toward, a common center; to have a common center.

God, in whom all perfections concenter. Bp. Beveridge.

{ Con*cen"ter, Con*cen"tre }, v. t. To draw or direct to a common center; to bring together at a focus or point, as two or more lines; to concentrate.

In thee concentering all their precious beams. Milton.

All is concentered in a life intense. Byren.

Con*cen"trate (? or ?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concentrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Concentrating.] [Pref. con- + L. centrum center. Cf. Concenter.] 1. To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force; to fix; as, to concentrate rays of light into a focus; to concentrate the attention.

(He) concentrated whole force at his own camp. Motley.

2. To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to condense; as, to concentrate acid by evaporation; to concentrate by washing; -- opposed to dilute.

Spirit of vinegar concentrated and reduced to its greatest strength. Arbuthnot.

Syn. -- To combine; to condense; to consolidate.

Con*cen"trate (? or ?), v. i. To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate; as, population tends to concentrate in cities.

Con`cen*tra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. concentration.] 1. The act or process of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated; concentration.

Concentration of the lunar beams. Boyle.

Intense concetration of thought. Sir J. Herschel.

2. The act or process of reducing the volume of a liquid, as by evaporation.

The acid acquires a higher degree of concentration. Knight.

3. (Metal.) The act or process of removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.

Con*cen"tra*tive (?), a. Serving or tending to concentrate; characterized by concentration.

A discrimination is only possible by a concentrative act, or act of attention. Sir W. Hamilton.

Con*cen"tra*tive*ness, n. 1. The quality of concentrating.

2. (Phren.) The faculty or propensity which has to do with concentrating the intellectual the intellectual powers. Combe.

Con"cen*tra`tor (?), n. (Mining) An apparatus for the separation of dry comminuted ore, by exposing it to intermittent puffs of air. Knight.

{ Con*cen"tric (?), Con*cen"tric*al (?) }, a. [F. concentrique. See Concenter.] Having a common center, as circles of different size, one within another.

Concentric circles upon the surface of the water. Sir I. Newton.

Concentrical rings like those of an onion. Arbuthnot.

Con*cen"tric, n. That which has a common center with something else.

Its pecular relations to its concentrics. Coleridge.

Con*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In a concentric manner.

Con`cen*tric"i*ty (?), n. The state of being concentric.

Con*cen"tu*al (?), a. [From Concent.] Possessing harmony; accordant. [R.] Warton.

Con"cept (?), n. [L. conceptus (cf. neut. conceptum fetus), p. p. of concipere to conceive: cf. F. concept. See Conceit.] An abstract general conception; a notion; a universal.

The words conception, concept, notion, should be limited to the thought of what can not be represented in the imagination; as, the thought suggested by a general term. Sir W. Hamilton.

Con*cep"ta*cle (?), n. [L. conceptaculum, fr. concipere to receive. See Conceive.] 1. That in which anything is contained; a vessel; a receiver or receptacle. [Obs.] Woodward.

2. (Bot.) (a) A pericarp, opening longitudinally on one side and having the seeds loose in it; a follicle; a double follicle or pair of follicles. (b) One of the cases containing the spores, etc., of flowerless plants, especially of algae.

Con*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being conceivable; conceivableness. Cudworth.

Con*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [See Conceive.] Capable of being conceived; conceivable. Sir M. Hale.

Con*cep"tion (?), n. [F. conception, L. conceptio, fr. concipere to conceive. See Conceive.] 1. The act of conceiving in the womb; the initiation of an embryonic animal life.

I will greaty multiply thy sorrow and thy conception. Gen. iii. 16.

2. The state of being conceived; beginning.

Joy had the like conception in our eyes. Shak.

3. The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or perception.

Under the article of conception, I shall confine myself to that faculty whose province it is to enable us to form a notion of our past sensations, or of the objects of sense that we have formerly perceived. Stewart.

4. The formation in the mind of an image, idea, or notion, apprehension.

Conception consists in a conscious act of the understanding, bringing any given object or impression into the same class with any number of other objects or impression, by means of some character or characters common to them all. Coleridge.

5. The image, idea, or notion of any action or thing which is formed in the mind; a concept; a notion; a universal; the product of a rational belief or judgment. See Concept.

He [Herodotus] says that the sun draws or attracts the water; a metaphorical term obviously intended to denote some more general and abstract conception than that of the visible operation which the word primarily signifies. Whewell.

6. Idea; purpose; design.

Note this dangerous conception. Shak.

7. Conceit; affected sentiment or thought. [Obs.]

He . . . is full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticism. Dryden.

Syn. -- Idea; notion; perception; apprehemsion; comprehension.

Con*cep"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to conception.

Con*cep"tion*al*ist, n. A conceptualist.

Con*cep"tious, a. Apt to conceive; fruitful. [Obs.] Shak.

Con*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. conceptif, L. conceptivus.] Capable of conceiving. Sir T. Browne

Con*cep"tu*al (?), a. Pertaining to conception.

Con*cep"tu*al*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) A theory, intermediate between realism and nominalism, that the mind has the power of forming for itself general conceptions of individual or single objects. Stewart.

Con*cep"tu*al*ist, n. (Metaph.) One who maintains the theory of conceptualism. Stewart.

Con*cern" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concerned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Concerning.] [F. concerner, LL. concernere to regard, concern, fr. L. concernere to mix or mingle together, as in a sieve for separating; con- + cernere to separate, sift, distinguish by the senses, and especially by the eyes, to perceive, see. See Certain.] 1. To relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.

Preaching the kingdom of God, and teaching those things which concern the Lord Jesus Christ. Acts xxviii. 31.

Our wars with France have affected us in our most tender interests, and concerned us more than those with any other nation. Addison.

It much concerns a preacher first to learn The genius of his audience and their turn. Dodsley.

Ignorant, so far as the usual instruction is concerned. J. F. Cooper.

2. To engage by feeling or sentiment; to interest; as, a good prince concerns himself in the happiness of his subjects.

They think themselves out the reach of Providence, and no longer concerned to solicit his favor. Rogers.

Con*cern", v. i. To be of importance. [Obs.]

Which to deny concerns more than avails. Shak.

Con*cern", n. 1. That which relates or belongs to one; business; affair.

The private concerns of fanilies. Addison.

2. That which affects the welfare or happiness; interest; moment.

Mysterious secrets of a high concern. Roscommon.

3. Interest in, or care for, any person or thing; regard; solicitude; anxiety.

O Marcia, let me hope thy kind concerns And gentle wishes follow me to battle. Addison.

4. (Com.) Persons connected in business; a firm and its business; as, a banking concern.

The whole concern, all connected with a particular affair or business.

Syn. -- Care; anxiety; solicitude; interest; regard; business; affair; matter; moment. See Care.

Con*cerned" (?), a. [See Concern, v. t., 2.] Disturbed; troubled; solicitous; as, to be much concerned for the safety of a friend.

Con*cern"ed*ly (?), adv. In a concerned manner; solicitously; sympathetically.

Con*cern"ing, prep. Pertaining to; regarding; having relation to; respecting; as regards.

I have accepted thee concerning this thing. Gen. xix. 21.

The Lord hath spoken good concerning Israel. Num. x. 29.

Con*cern"ing, a. Important. [Archaic]

So great and so concerning truth. South.

Con*cern"ing (?), n. 1. That in which one is concerned or interested; concern; affair; interest. "Our everlasting concernments." I. Watts.

To mix with thy concernments I desist. Milton.

2. Importance; moment; consequence.

Let every action of concernment to begun with prayer. Jer. Taylor.

3. Concern; participation; interposition.

He married a daughter to the earl without any other approbation of her father or concernment in it, than suffering him and her come into his presence. Clarendon.

4. Emotion of mind; solicitude; anxiety.

While they are so eager to destroy the fame of others, their ambition is manifest in their concernment. Dryden.

Con*cert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concerted; p. pr. & vb. n. Concerting.] [F. concerter, It. concertare, conertare, prob. from L. consertus, p. p. of conserere to join together; con- + serere to join together, influenced by concertare to contend; con- + centare to strive; properly, to try to decide; fr. cernere to distinguish. See Series, and cf. Concern.] 1. To plan together; to settle or adjust by conference, agreement, or consultation.

It was concerted to begin the siege in March. Bp. Burnet.

2. To plan; to devise; to arrange.

A commander had more trouble to concert his defense before the people than to plan . . . the campaign. Burke.

Con*cert", v. i. To act in harmony or conjunction; to form combined plans.

The ministers of Denmark were appointed to concert with Talbot. Bp. Burnet

Con"cert (k&obreve;n"s&etilde;rt), n. [F. concert, It. concerto, conserto, fr. concertare. See Concert, v. t.] 1. Agreement in a design or plan; union formed by mutual communication of opinions and views; accordance in a scheme; harmony; simultaneous action.

All these discontents, how ruinous soever, have arisen from the want of a due communication and concert. Swift.

2. Musical accordance or harmony; concord.

Let us in concert to the season sing. Cowper.

3. A musical entertainment in which several voices or instruments take part.

Visit by night your lady's chamber window With some sweet concert. Shak.

And boding screech owls make the concert full. Shak.

Concert pitch. See under Pitch.

Con`cer*tan"te (?; It. ?), n. [It., orig p. pr. of concertare to form or perform a concert. See Concert.] (Mus.) A concert for two or more principal instruments, with orchestral accompaniment. Also adjectively; as, concertante parts.

Con`cer*ta"tion (?), n. [L. concertatio.] Strife; contention. [Obs.] Bailey.

Con*cer"ta*tive (?), a. [L. concertativus.] Contentious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Bailey.

Con*cert"ed (?), a. Mutually contrived or planned; agreed on; as, concerted schemes, signals.

Concerted piece (Mus.), a composition in parts for several voices or instrument, as a trio, a quartet, etc.

Con`cer*ti"na (?), n. [From It. concerto a concert.] A small musical instrument on the principle of the accordion. It is a small elastic box, or bellows, having free reeds on the inside, and keys and handles on the outside of each of the two hexagonal heads.

Con`cer*ti"no (?), n. [See Concertina.] (Mus.) A piece for one or more solo instruments with orchestra; -- more concise than the concerto.

Con*cer"tion (?), n. Act of concerting; adjustment. [R.] Young.

||Con*cert`meis"ter (?), n. [G.] (Mus.) The head violinist or leader of the strings in an orchestra; the sub-leader of the orchestra; concert master.

Con*cer"to (?; It. ?), n.; pl. Concertos (#). [It. See Concert, n.] (Mus.) A composition (usually in symphonic form with three movements) in which one instrument (or two or three) stands out in bold relief against the orchestra, or accompaniment, so as to display its qualities or the performer's skill.

Con*ces"sion (?), n. [L. concessio, fr. concedere: cf. F. concession. See Concede.] 1. The act of conceding or yielding; usually implying a demand, claim, or request, and thus distinguished from giving, which is voluntary or spontaneous.

By mutual concession the business was adjusted. Hallam.

2. A thing yielded; an acknowledgment or admission; a boon; a grant; esp. a grant by government of a privilege or right to do something; as, a concession to build a canal.

This is therefore a concession, that he doth . . . believe the Scriptures to be sufficiently plain. Sharp.

When a lover becomes satisfied by small compliances without further pursuits, then expect to find popular assemblies content with small concessions. Swift.

Con*ces"sion*ist, n. One who favors concession.

Con*ces"sive (?), a. [L. concessivus.] Implying concession; as, a concessive conjunction. Lowth.

Con*ces"sive*ly, adv. By way of concession.

Con*ces"so*ry (?), a. Conceding; permissive.

Con*cet"tism (?), n. The use of concetti or affected conceits. [R.] C. Kingsley.