Chapter 53

Then they made colleges of sufferers; persons who, to secure their inheritance in the world to come, did cut off all their portion in this. Jer. Taylor.

2. A society of scholars or friends of learning, incorporated for study or instruction, esp. in the higher branches of knowledge; as, the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge Universities, and many American colleges.

&fist; In France and some other parts of continental Europe, college is used to include schools occupied with rudimentary studies, and receiving children as pupils.

3. A building, or number of buildings, used by a college. "The gate of Trinity College." Macaulay.

4. Fig.: A community. [R.]

Thick as the college of the bees in May. Dryden.

College of justice, a term applied in Scotland to the supreme civil courts and their principal officers. -- The sacred college, the college or cardinals at Rome.

Col*le"gi*al (?), n. [LL. collegialis.] Collegiate. [R.]

Col*le"gi*an (?), n. A member of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called; a student in a college.

Col*le"gi*ate (?), a. [L. collegiatus.] Of or pertaining to a college; as, collegiate studies; a collegiate society. Johnson.

Collegiate church. (a) A church which, although not a bishop's seat, resembles a cathedral in having a college, or chapter of canons (and, in the Church of England, a dean), as Westminster Abbey. (b) An association of churches, possessing common revenues and administered under the joint pastorate of several ministers; as, the Reformed (Dutch) Collegiate Church of New York.

Col*le"gi*ate, n. A member of a college. Burton.

||Col*lem"bo*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ko`lla glue + 'e`mbolon wedge, peg; -- so called from their having collophores.] (Zo÷l.) The division of Thysanura which includes Podura, and allied forms.

||Col*len"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ko`lla glue + &?; an infusion. Formed like parenchyma.] (Bot.) A tissue of vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles and (usually) elongated.

Col"let (?), n. [F. collet, dim. fr. L. collum neck. See Collar.] 1. A small collar or neckband. Foxe.

2. (Mech.) A small metal ring; a small collar fastened on an arbor; as, the collet on the balance arbor of a watch; a small socket on a stem, for holding a drill.

3. (Jewelry) (a) The part of a ring containing the bezel in which the stone is set. (b) The flat table at the base of a brilliant. See Illust. of Brilliant.

How full the collet with his jewel is! Cowley.

Col`le*te"ri*al (?), a. (Zo÷l.) Of or pertaining to the colleterium of insects. R. Owen.

||Col`le*te"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Colletic.] (Zo÷l.) An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the ejected ova.

Col*let"ic (?), a. [L. colleticus suitable for gluing, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to glue, ko`lla glue.] Agglutinant. -- n. An agglutinant.

Col"ley (?), n. See Collie.

Col*lide" (?), v. i. [L. collidere, collisum; col- + laedere to strike. See Lesion.] To strike or dash against each other; to come into collision; to clash; as, the vessels collided; their interests collided.

Across this space the attraction urges them. They collide, they recoil, they oscillate. Tyndall.

No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and colliding. Carlyle.

Col*lide", v. t. To strike or dash against. [Obs.]

Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies from the bodies collided. Sir T. Browne.

Col"li*dine (?), n. [Gr. ko`lla glue.] (Chem.) One of a class of organic bases, C8H11N, usually pungent oily liquids, belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained from bone oil, coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.

Col"lie (?), n. [Gael. cuilean whelp, puppy, dog.] (Zo÷l.) The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two breeds, the rough-haired and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for its intelligence, displayed especially in caring for flocks. [Written also colly, colley.]

Col"lied (?), p. & a. Darkened. See Colly, v. t.

Col"lier (?), n. [OE. colier. See Coal.] 1. One engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.

2. A vessel employed in the coal trade.

Col"lier*y (?), n.; pl. Collieries (#). [Cf. Coalery, Collier.] 1. The place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc., belonging to it.

2. The coal trade. [Obs.] Johnson.

Col"li*flow`er (?), n. See Cauliflower.

Col"li*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colligated; p. pr. & vb. n. Colligating.] [L. colligatus, p. p. of colligare to collect; co- + ligare to bind.] 1. To tie or bind together.

The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows. Nicholson.

2. (Logic) To bring together by colligation; to sum up in a single proposition.

He had discovered and colligated a multitude of the most wonderful . . . phenomena. Tundall.

Col"li*gate, a. Bound together.

Col`li*ga"tion (?), n. [L. colligatio.] 1. A binding together. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Logic) That process by which a number of isolated facts are brought under one conception, or summed up in a general proposition, as when Kepler discovered that the various observed positions of the planet Mars were points in an ellipse. "The colligation of facts." Whewell.

Colligation is not always induction, but induction is always colligation. J. S. Mill.

Col"li*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collimated; p. p. & vb. n. Collimating.] [See Collimation.] (Physics & Astron.) To render parallel to a certain line or direction; to bring into the same line, as the axes of telescopes, etc.; to render parallel, as rays of light.

Collimating eyepiece, an eyepiece with a diagonal reflector for illumination, used to determine the error of collimation in a transit instrument by observing the image of a cross wire reflected from mercury, and comparing its position in the field with that of the same wire seen directly. -- Collimating lens (Optics), a lens used for producing parallel rays of light.

Col`li*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. collimation, fr. a false reading (collimare) for L. collineare to direct in a straight line; col- + linea line. Cf. Collineation.] The act of collimating; the adjustment of the line of the sights, as the axial line of the telescope of an instrument, into its proper position relative to the other parts of the instrument.

Error of collimation, the deviation of the line collimation of an astronomical instrument from the position it ought to have with respect to the axis of motion of the instrument. -- Line of collimation, the axial line of the telescope of an astronomical or geodetic instrument, or the line which passes through the optical center of the object glass and the intersection of the cross wires at its focus.

Col"li*ma`tor (?), n. 1. (Astron.) A telescope arranged and used to determine errors of collimation, both vertical and horizontal. Nichol.

2. (Optics) A tube having a convex lens at one end and at the other a small opening or slit which is at the principal focus of the lens, used for producing a beam of parallel rays; also, a lens so used.

Col"lin (?), n. [Gr. ko`lla glue.] A very pure form of gelatin.

Col"line (?), n. [F. colline, fr. L. collis a hill.] A small hill or mount. [Obs.]

And watered park, full of fine collines and ponds. Evelyn.

Col*lin`e*a"tion (?), n. [L. collineare to direct in a straight line. See Collimation.] The act of aiming at, or directing in a line with, a fixed object. [R.] Johnson.

Coll"ing (?), n. [From Coll, v. t.] An embrace; dalliance. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Coll"ing*ly, adv. With embraces. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

Col*lin"gual (?), a. Having, or pertaining to, the same language.

Col*liq"ua*ble (?), a. Liable to melt, grow soft, or become fluid. [Obs.] Harvey.

Col*liq"ua*ment (?), n. The first rudiments of an embryo in generation. Dr. H. More.

Col"li*quate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Colliquated; p. pr. & vb. n. Colliquating.] [Pref. col- + L. liquare, liquatum, to melt.] To change from solid to fluid; to make or become liquid; to melt. [Obs.]

The ore of it is colliquated by the violence of the fire. Boyle.

[Ice] will colliquate in water or warm oil. Sir T. Browne.

Col`li*qua"tion (?), n. 1. A melting together; the act of melting; fusion.

When sand and ashes are well melted together and suffered to cool, there is generated, by the colliquation, that sort of concretion we call "glass". Boyle.

2. (Med.) A processive wasting or melting away of the solid parts of the animal system with copious excretions of liquids by one or more passages. [Obs.]

Col*liq"ua*tive (?), a. Causing rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; as, colliquative sweats.

Col*liq`ue*fac"tion (?), n. [L. colliquefactus melted; col- + liquefacere; liquēre to be liquid + facere to make.] A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion.

The incorporation of metals by simple colliquefaction. Bacon.

Col"lish (?), n. (Shoemaking) A tool to polish the edge of a sole. Knight.

Col*li"sion (?), n. [L. collisio, fr. collidere. See Collide.] 1. The act of striking together; a striking together, as of two hard bodies; a violent meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing.

2. A state of opposition; antagonism; interference.

The collision of contrary false principles. Bp. Warburton.

Sensitive to the most trifling collisions. W. Irving.

Syn. -- Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.

Col*li"sive (?), a. Colliding; clashing. [Obs.]

Col*lit"i*gant (?), a. Disputing or wrangling. [Obs.] -- n. One who litigates or wrangles. [Obs.]

Col"lo*cate (?), a. [L. collocatus, p. p. of collocare. See Couch.] Set; placed. [Obs.] Bacon.

Col"lo*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Collocating (?).] To set or place; to set; to station.

To marshal and collocate in order his battalions. E. Hall.

Col`lo*ca"tion (?), n. [L. collocatio.] The act of placing; the state of being placed with something else; disposition in place; arrangement.

The choice and collocation of words. Sir W. Jones.

Col`lo*cu"tion (?), n. [L. collocutio, fr. colloqui, -locutum, to converse; col- + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] A speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual discourse. Bailey.

Col"lo*cu`tor (?), n. [L. collocutor] One of the speakers in a dialogue. Derham.

Col*lo"di*on (?), n. [Gr. &?; like glue; ko`lla glue + &?; form. Cf. Colloid.] (Chem.) A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun cotton) in ether containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It is strongly adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a coating for wounds; but its chief application is as a vehicle for the sensitive film in photography.

Collodion process (Photog.), a process in which a film of sensitized collodion is used in preparing the plate for taking a picture. -- Styptic collodion, collodion containing an astringent, as tannin.

Col*lo"di*on*ize (?), v. t. To prepare or treat with collodion. R. Hunt.

Col*lo"di*o*type (?), n. A picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or ambrotype.

Col*lo"di*um (?), n. See Collodion.

Col*logue" (?), v. i. [Cf. L. colloqui and E. dialogue. Cf. Collocution.] To talk or confer secretly and confidentially; to converse, especially with evil intentions; to plot mischief. [Archaic or Colloq.]

Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter, Collogue with her again, and all shall be well. Greene.

He had been colloguing with my wife. Thackeray.

Col"loid (?), a. [Gr. ko`lla glue + -oid. Cf. Collodion.] Resembling glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike appearance; gelatinous; as, colloid tumors.

Col"loid (?), n. 1. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance (as albumin, gum, gelatin, etc.) which is of a gelatinous rather than a crystalline nature, and which diffuses itself through animal membranes or vegetable parchment more slowly than crystalloids do; -- opposed to crystalloid.

2. (Med.) A gelatinous substance found in colloid degeneration and colloid cancer.

Styptic colloid (Med.), a preparation of astringent and antiseptic substances with some colloid material, as collodion, for ready use.

Col*loid"al (?), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, colloids.

Col`loi*dal"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being colloidal.

Col"lop (?), n. [Of uncertain origin; cf. OF. colp blow, stroke, piece, F. coup, fr. L. colophus buffet, cuff, Gr. &?;] [Written also colp.] 1. A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh.

God knows thou art a collop of my flesh. Shak.

Sweetbread and collops were with skewers pricked. Dryden.

2. A part or piece of anything; a portion.

Cut two good collops out of the crown land. Fuller.

Col"loped (?), a. Having ridges or bunches of flesh, like collops.

With that red, gaunt, and colloped neck astrain. R. Browning.

Col"lo*phore (?), n. [Gr. ko`lla glue + &?; to bear.] (Zo÷l.) (a) A suckerlike organ at the base of the abdomen of insects belonging to the Collembola. (b) An adhesive marginal organ of the Lucernariae.

Col*lo"qui*al (?), a. [See Colloqui.] Pertaining to, or used in, conversation, esp. common and familiar conversation; conversational; hence, unstudied; informal; as, colloquial intercourse; colloquial phrases; a colloquial style. -- Col*lo"qui*al*ly, adv.

His [Johnson's] colloquial talents were, indeed, of the highest order. Macaulay.

Col*lo"qui*al*ism (?), n. A colloquial expression, not employed in formal discourse or writing.

Col*lo"qui*al*ize (?), v. t. To make colloquial and familiar; as, to colloquialize one's style of writing.

Col"lo*quist (?), n. A speaker in a colloquy or dialogue. Malone.

Col"lo*quy (?), n.; pl. Colloquies (#). [L. colloquium. See Collocution.] 1. Mutual discourse of two or more persons; conference; conversation.

They went to Worms, to the colloquy there about religion. A. Wood.

2. In some American colleges, a part in exhibitions, assigned for a certain scholarship rank; a designation of rank in collegiate scholarship.

Col"low (?), n. Soot; smut. See 1st Colly. [Obs.]

Col*luc"tan*cy (?), n. [L. colluctari to struggle with.] A struggling to resist; a striving against; resistance; opposition of nature. [Obs.]

Col`luc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. colluctatio, fr. colluctari to struggle with; col- + luctari to struggle.] A struggling; a contention. [Obs.]

Colluctation with old hags and hobgoblins. Dr. H. More.

Col*lude" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Colluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Colluding.] [L. colludere, - lusum; col- + ludere to play. See Ludicrous.] To have secretly a joint part or share in an action; to play into each other's hands; to conspire; to act in concert.

If they let things take their course, they will be represented as colluding with sedition. Burke.

Col*lud"er (?), n. One who conspires in a fraud.

||Col"lum (?), n.; pl. Colla (#). [L., neck.]

1. (Anat.) A neck or cervix. Dunglison.

2. (Bot.) Same as Collar. Gray.

Col*lu"sion (?), n. [L. collusio: cf. F. collusion. See Collude.] 1. A secret agreement and cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful purpose; a playing into each other's hands; deceit; fraud; cunning.

The foxe, maister of collusion. Spenser.

That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face of the world, that there may be no room to suspect artifice and collusion. Atterbury.

By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of the weavers, or the collusion of both, the ware was bad and the price excessive. Swift.

2. (Law) An agreement between two or more persons to defraud a person of his rights, by the forms of law, or to obtain an object forbidden by law. Bouvier. Abbott.

Syn. -- Collusion, Connivance. A person who is guilty of connivance intentionally overlooks, and thus sanctions what he was bound to prevent. A person who is guilty of collusion unites with others (playing into their hands) for fraudulent purposes.

Col*lu"sive (?), a. 1. Characterized by collusion; done or planned in collusion. "Collusive and sophistical arguings." J. Trapp. "Collusive divorces." Strype.

2. Acting in collusion. "Collusive parties." Burke.

-- Col*lu"sive*ly, adv. -- Col*lu"sive*ness, n.

Col*lu"so*ry (?), a. [L. collusorius.] Collusive.

Col"lu*to*ry (?), n. [L. colluere, collutum, to wash.] (Med.) A medicated wash for the mouth.

Col"ly (?), n. [From Coal.] The black grime or soot of coal. [Obs.] Burton.

Col"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Collying.] To render black or dark, as of with coal smut; to begrime. [Archaic.]

Thou hast not collied thy face enough. B. Jonson.

Brief as the lighting in the collied night. Shak.

Col"ly (?), n. A kind of dog. See Collie.

Col"ly*bist (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a small coin.] A money changer. [Obs.]

In the face of these guilty collybists. Bp. Hall.

Col*lyr"i*um (?), n.; pl. E. Collyriums (#), L. Collyria (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Med.) An application to the eye, usually an eyewater.

||Col`o*co"lo (?), n. (Zo÷l.) A South American wild cat (Felis colocolo), of the size of the ocelot.

Col"ocynth (?), n. [L. colocynthis, Gr. &?;. Cf. Coloquintida.] (Med.) The light spongy pulp of the fruit of the bitter cucumber (Citrullus, or Cucumis, colocynthis), an Asiatic plant allied to the watermelon; coloquintida. It comes in white balls, is intensely bitter, and a powerful cathartic. Called also bitter apple, bitter cucumber, bitter gourd.

Col`o*cyn"thin (?), n. [Cf. F. colocynthine.] (Chem.) The active medicinal principle of colocynth; a bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside.

Co*logne" (?), n. [Originally made in Cologne, the French name of K÷ln, a city in Germany.] A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also cologne water and eau de cologne.

Co*logne" earth` (?). [From Cologne the city.] (Min.) An earth of a deep brown color, containing more vegetable than mineral matter; an earthy variety of lignite, or brown coal.

Col"om*bier (?), n. [F.] A large size of paper for drawings. See under Paper.

Co*lom"bin (?), n. (Chem.) See Calumbin.

Co*lom"bo (?), n. (Med.) See Calumba.

Co"lon (?), n. [L. colon, colum, limb, member, the largest of the intestines, fr. Gr. &?;, and in sense of the intestine, &?;: cf. F. colon. Cf. Colic.] 1. (Anat.) That part of the large intestines which extends from the cŠcum to the rectum. [See Illust of Digestion.]

2. (Gram.) A point or character, formed thus [:], used to separate parts of a sentence that are complete in themselves and nearly independent, often taking the place of a conjunction.

Colo"nel (?), n. [F. colonel, It. colonello, prop., the chief or commander of a column, fr. colonna column, L. columna. See Column.] (Mil.) The chief officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next above a lieutenant colonel and next below a brigadier general.

Colo"nel*cy (?), n. (Mil.) The office, rank, or commission of a colonel.

Colo"nel*ship, n. Colonelcy. Swift.

Col"o*ner (?), n. A colonist. [Obs.] Holland

Co*lo"ni*al (?), a. [Cf. F. colonial.] Of or pertaining to a colony; as, colonial rights, traffic, wars.

Co*lon"i*cal (?), a. [L. colonus husbandman.] Of or pertaining to husbandmen. [Obs.]

Col"o*nist (?), n. A member or inhabitant of a colony.

||Col`o*ni"tis (?), n. (Med.) See Colitis.

Col`o*ni*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. colonisation.] The act of colonizing, or the state of being colonized; the formation of a colony or colonies.

The wide continent of America invited colonization. Bancroft.

Col`o*ni*za"tion*ist, n. A friend to colonization, esp. (U. S. Hist) to the colonization of Africa by emigrants from the colored population of the United States.

Col"o*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Colonizing.] [Cf. F. coloniser.] To plant or establish a colony or colonies in; to people with colonists; to migrate to and settle in. Bacon.

They that would thus colonize the stars with inhabitants. Howell.

Col"o*nize, v. i. To remove to, and settle in, a distant country; to make a colony. C. Buchanan.

Col"o*ni`zer (?), n. One who promotes or establishes a colony; a colonist. Bancroft.

Col`on*nade" (?), n. [F. colonnade, It. colonnata, fr. colonna column. See Colonel.] (Arch.) A series or range of columns placed at regular intervals with all the adjuncts, as entablature, stylobate, roof, etc.

&fist; When in front of a building, it is called a portico; when surrounding a building or an open court or square, a peristyle.

Col"o*ny (?), n.; pl. Colonies (#). [L. colonia, fr. colonus farmer, fr. colere to cultivate, dwell: cf. F. colonie. Cf. Culture.] 1. A company of people transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or country, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state; as, the British colonies in America.

The first settlers of New England were the best of Englishmen, well educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers of liberty. There was never a colony formed of better materials. Ames.

2. The district or country colonized; a settlement.

3. A company of persons from the same country sojourning in a foreign city or land; as, the American colony in Paris.

4. (Nat. Hist.) A number of animals or plants living or growing together, beyond their usual range.

Col"o*pha`ny (? or ?), n. See Colophony.

Co"lo*phene (? or ?), n. (Chem.) A colorless, oily liquid, formerly obtained by distillation of colophony. It is regarded as a polymeric form of terebenthene. Called also diterebene.

Col"o*phon (k&obreve;l"&osl;*f&obreve;n), n. [L. colophon finishing stroke, Gr. kolofw`n; cf. L. culmen top, collis hill. Cf. Holm.] An inscription, monogram, or cipher, containing the place and date of publication, printer's name, etc., formerly placed on the last page of a book.

The colophon, or final description, fell into disuse, and . . . the title page had become the principal direct means of identifying the book. De Morgan.

The book was uninjured from title page to colophon. Sir W. Scott.

Col"o*pho*nite (k&obreve;l"&osl;*f&osl;*nīt or k&osl;*l&obreve;f"&osl;*nīt), n. [Cf. F. colophonite. So named from its resemblance to the color of colophony.] (Min.) A coarsely granular variety of garnet.

Col"o*pho`ny (k&obreve;l"&osl;*fō*n&ybreve; or k&osl;*l&obreve;f"&osl;*n&ybreve;; 277), n. [Gr. 'h kolofwni`a (sc. "rhti`nh resin, gum) resin, fr. Kolofw`nios of or from Colophon in Ionia.] Rosin.

Col`o*quin"ti*da (?), n. See Colocynth. Shak.

Col"or (?), n. [Written also colour.] [OF. color, colur, colour, F. couleur, L. color; prob. akin to celare to conceal (the color taken as that which covers). See Helmet.] 1. A property depending on the relations of light to the eye, by which individual and specific differences in the hues and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; as, gay colors; sad colors, etc.

&fist; The sensation of color depends upon a peculiar function of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of which rays of light produce different effects according to the length of their waves or undulations, waves of a certain length producing the sensation of red, shorter waves green, and those still shorter blue, etc. White, or ordinary, light consists of waves of various lengths so blended as to produce no effect of color, and the color of objects depends upon their power to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the rays which fall upon them.

2. Any hue distinguished from white or black.

3. The hue or color characteristic of good health and spirits; ruddy complexion.

Give color to my pale cheek. Shak.

4. That which is used to give color; a paint; a pigment; as, oil colors or water colors.

5. That which covers or hides the real character of anything; semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance.

They had let down the boat into the sea, under color as though they would have cast anchors out of the foreship. Acts xxvii. 30.

That he should die is worthy policy; But yet we want a color for his death. Shak.

6. Shade or variety of character; kind; species.

Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this color. Shak.