Chapter 5

Cal"en*der, n. [Per. qalender.] One of a sect or order of fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.

Cal`en*dog"ra*pher (?), n. [Calendar + -graph + er.] One who makes calendars. [R.]

Cal"en*drer (?), n. A person who calenders cloth; a calender.

{ Ca*len"dric (?), Ca*len"dric*al (?), } a., Of or pertaining to a calendar.

Cal"ends (?), n. pl. [OE. kalendes month, calends, AS. calend month, fr. L. calendae; akin to calare to call, proclaim, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;. CF. Claim.] The first day of each month in the ancient Roman calendar. [Written also kalends.]

The Greek calends, a time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.

||Ca*len"du*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. calendae calends.] (Bot.) A genus of composite herbaceous plants. One species, Calendula officinalis, is the common marigold, and was supposed to blossom on the calends of every month, whence the name.

Ca*len"du*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous to bassorin.

Cal"en*ture (?), n. [F. calenture, fr. Sp. calenture heat, fever, fr. calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to be warm.] (Med.) A name formerly given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a green field, and to throw himself into it.

Cal"en*ture, v. i. To see as in the delirium of one affected with calenture. [Poetic]

Hath fed on pageants floating through the air Or calentures in depths of limpid flood. Wordsworth.

Ca*les"cence (?), n. [L. calescens, p. pr. of calescere, incho. of calere to be warm.] Growing warmth; increasing heat.

Calf (?), n.; pl. Calves (#). [OE. calf, kelf, AS. cealf; akin to D. kalf, G. kalb, Icel. kālfr, Sw. kalf, Dan. kalv, Goth. kalbō; cf. Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;, Skr grabh to seize, conceive, Ir. colpa, colpach, a calf. √222.] 1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as of the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.

2. Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding; as, to bind books in calf.

3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt. [Colloq.]

Some silly, doting, brainless calf. Drayton.

4. A small island near a larger; as, the Calf of Man.

5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface. Kane.

6. [Cf. Icel. kālfi.] The fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee.

Calf's-foot jelly, jelly made from the feet of calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.

Calf"skin` (?), n. The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.

||Ca"li (?), n. (Hindoo Myth.) The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god Vishnu. [Written also Kali.]

{ Cal"i*ber, Cal"ibre } (?), n. [F. calibre, perh. fr. L. qualibra of what pound, of what weight; hence, of what size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar. qālib model, mold. Cf. Calipers, Calivere.]

1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.

The caliber of empty tubes. Reid.

A battery composed of three guns of small caliber. Prescott.

&fist; The caliber of firearms is expressed in various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are designated by the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch caliber.

2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or column.

3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind. Burke.

Caliber compasses. See Calipers. -- Caliber rule, a gunner's calipers, an instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's weight from its diameter, and conversely. -- A ship's caliber, the weight of her armament.

Cal"i*brate (?), v. i. To ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the various standards or graduated instruments.

Cal`ibra"*tion (?), n. The process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also, more generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in any graduated instrument.

Cal"ice (?), n. [See Calice.] See Chalice.

Cal"i*cle (?), n. [L. caliculus a small cup, dim. of calicis, a cup. Cf Calycle.] (Zo÷l.) (a) One of the small cuplike cavities, often with elevated borders, covering the surface of most corals. Each is formed by a polyp. (b) One of the cuplike structures inclosing the zooids of certain hydroids. See Campanularian. [Written also calycle. See Calycle.]

Cal"i*co (?), n.; pl. Calicoes (#). [So called because first imported from Calicut, in the East Indies: cf. F. calicot.] 1. Plain white cloth made from cotton, but which receives distinctive names according to quality and use, as, super calicoes, shirting calicoes, unbleached calicoes, etc. [Eng.]

The importation of printed or stained colicoes appears to have been coeval with the establishment of the East India Company . Beck (Draper's Dict. ).

2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern.

&fist; In the United States the term calico is applied only to the printed fabric.

Calico bass (Zo÷l.), an edible, fresh-water fish (Pomoxys sparaides) of the rivers and lake of the Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its variegated colors; -- called also calicoback, grass bass, strawberry bass, barfish, and bitterhead. -- Calico printing, the art or process of impressing the figured patterns on calico.

Cal"i*co (?), a. Made of, or having the appearance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal, as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color strikingly different from its main color. [Colloq. U. S.]

Cal"i*co*back` (?), n. (Zo÷l.) (a) The calico bass. (b) An hemipterous insect (Murgantia histrionica) which injures the cabbage and other garden plants; -- called also calico bug and harlequin cabbage bug.

{ Ca*lic"u*lar (?), a. Ca*lic"u*late (?), } a. Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for calycular, calyculate.

Cal"id (?), a. [L. calidus, fr. calere to be hot.] Hot; burning; ardent. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ca*lid"i*ty (?), n. Heat. [Obs.]

Cal"i*duct (?), n. [See Caloriduct.] A pipe or duct used to convey hot air or steam.

Subterranean caliducts have been introduced. Evelyn.

{ Ca"lif (?), n., Cal"i*fate (?), } n., etc. Same as Caliph, Caliphate, etc.

Cal`i*for"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to California. -- n. A native or inhabitant of California.

Cal`i*ga"tion (-gā"shŭn), n. [L. caligatio, fr. caligare to emit vapor, to be dark, from caligo mist, darkness.] Dimness; cloudiness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Ca*lig`i*nos"ity (?), n. [L. caliginosus dark. See Caligation.] Darkness. [R.] G. Eliot.

Ca*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L. caliginosus; cf. F. caligineux.] Affected with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure. [R.] Blount.

The caliginous regions of the air. Hallywell.

-- Ca*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lig"i*nous*ness, n.

||Ca*li"go (?), n. [L., darkness.] (Med.) Dimness or obscurity of sight, dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also, the speck itself.

Cal`i*graph"ic (?), a. See Calligraphic.

Ca*lig"ra*phy (?), n. See Caligraphy.

||Ca"lin (?), n. [F., fr. Malay kelany tin, or fr. Kala'a, a town in India, fr. which it came.] An alloy of lead and tin, of which the Chinese make tea canisters.

Cal`i*pash" (?), n. [F. carapace, Sp. carapacho. Cf Calarash, Carapace.] A part of a turtle which is next to the upper shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations of turtle.

Cal"i*pee (?), n. [See Calipash] A part of a turtle which is attached to the lower shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a light yellowish color, much esteemed as a delicacy. Thackeray.

Cal"i*pers (?), n. pl. [Corrupted from caliber.] An instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also caliper compasses, or caliber compasses.

Caliper square, a draughtsman's or mechanic's square, having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws. Knight. -- Vernier calipers. See Vernier.

Ca"liph (kā"l&ibreve;f), n. [OE. caliphe, califfe, F. calife (cf. Sp. califa), fr. Ar. khalīfan successor, fr. khalafa to succed.] Successor or vicar; -- a title of the successors of Mohammed both as temporal and spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of Turkey. [Written also calif.]

Cal"i*phate (?), n. [Cf. F. califat.] The office, dignity, or government of a caliph or of the caliphs.

Ca*lip"pic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer.

Calippic period, a period of seventy-six years, proposed by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by something more.

Cal`i*sa"ya bark (?). A valuable kind of Peruvian bark obtained from the Cinchona Calisaya, and other closely related species.

||Cal`is*the"ne*um, n. [NL.] A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women and children.

Cal`is*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. kalo`s beautiful + sqe`nos strength.] Of or pertaining to calisthenics.

Cal`is*then"ics (?), n. The science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light gymnastics.

Cal"i*ver (?), n. [Corrupted fr. caliber.] An early form of hand gun, a variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size of bore. [Obs.] Shak.

||Ca"lix (kā"l&ibreve;ks), n. [L.] A cup. See Calyx.

Calk (k&add;k), v. t. [imp. &p. p. Calked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calking.] [Either corrupted fr. F. calfater (cf. Pg. calafetar, Sp. calafetear), fr. Ar. qalafa to fill up crevices with the fibers of palm tree or moss; or fr. OE. cauken to tred, through the French fr. L. calcare, fr. calx heel. Cf. Calk to copy, Inculcate.] 1. To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of (a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is completed by smearing the seams with melted pitch.

2. To make an indentation in the edge of a metal plate, as along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to force the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and so fill the crevice.

Calk (kălk), v. t. [E. calquer to trace, It. caicare to trace, to trample, fr. L. calcare to trample, fr. calx heel. Cf. Calcarate.] To copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or black chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over the lines, so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other thing against which it is laid or held. [Written also calque]

Calk (k&add;k), n. [Cf. AS. calc shoe, hoof, L. calx, calcis, heel, calcar, spur.] 1. A sharp-pointed piece of iron or steel projecting downward on the shoe of a horse or an ox, to prevent the animal from slipping; -- called also calker, calkin.

2. An instrument with sharp points, worn on the sole of a shoe or boot, to prevent slipping.

Calk (k&add;k), v. i. 1. To furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; as, to calk the shoes of a horse or an ox.

2. To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a leg or a foot with a calk on one of the other feet.

Calk"er (?), n. 1. One who calks.

2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1.

Calk"in (?), n. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1.

Calk"ing (?), n. The act or process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of furnishing with calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.

Calking iron, a tool like a chisel, used in calking ships, tightening seams in ironwork, etc.

Their left hand does the calking iron guide. Dryden.

Call (k&add;l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Called (k&add;ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Calling] [OE. callen, AS. ceallian; akin to Icel. & Sw. kalla, Dan. kalde, D. kallen to talk, prate, OHG. kallōn to call; cf. Gr. ghry`ein to speak, sing, Skr. gar to praise. Cf. Garrulous.] 1. To command or request to come or be present; to summon; as, to call a servant.

Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain Shak.

2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty; to designate for an office, or employment, especially of a religious character; -- often used of a divine summons; as, to be called to the ministry; sometimes, to invite; as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a church.

Paul . . . called to be an apostle Rom. i. 1.

The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them. Acts xiii. 2.

3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; -- often with together; as, the President called Congress together; to appoint and summon; as, to call a meeting of the Board of Aldermen.

Now call we our high court of Parliament. Shak.

4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak of, by a specifed name.

If you would but call me Rosalind. Shak.

And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. Gen. i. 5.

5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind; to denominate; to designate.

What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. Acts x. 15.

6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact; as, they call the distance ten miles; he called it a full day's work.

[The] army is called seven hundred thousand men. Brougham.

7. To show or disclose the class, character, or nationality of. [Obs.]

This speech calls him Spaniard. Beau. & Fl.

8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often with off; as, to call, or call off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a military company.

No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear. Gay.

9. To invoke; to appeal to.

I call God for a witness. 2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]

10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken.

If thou canst awake by four o' the clock. I prithee call me. Sleep hath seized me wholly. Shak.

To call a bond, to give notice that the amount of the bond will be paid. -- To call a party (Law), to cry aloud his name in open court, and command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his presence at the time on pain of what may befall him. -- To call back, to revoke or retract; to recall; to summon back. -- To call down, to pray for, as blessing or curses. -- To call forth, to bring or summon to action; as, to call forth all the faculties of the mind. -- To call in, (a) To collect; as, to call in debts or money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as, to call in uncurrent coin. (b) To summon to one's side; to invite to come together; as, to call in neighbors. -- To call (any one) names, to apply contemptuous names (to any one). -- To call off, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the attention; to call off workmen from their employment. -- To call out. (a) To summon to fight; to challenge. (b) To summon into service; as, to call out the militia. -- To call over, to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names. -- To call to account, to demand explanation of. -- To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory. -- To call to order, to request to come to order; as: (a) A public meeting, when opening it for business. (b) A person, when he is transgressing the rules of debate. -- To call to the bar, to admit to practice in courts of law. -- To call up. (a) To bring into view or recollection; as to call up the image of deceased friend. (b) To bring into action or discussion; to demand the consideration of; as, to call up a bill before a legislative body.

Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke; assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to; designate. -- To Call, Convoke, Summon. Call is the generic term; as, to call a public meeting. To convoke is to require the assembling of some organized body of men by an act of authority; as, the king convoked Parliament. To summon is to require attendance by an act more or less stringent anthority; as, to summon a witness.

Call, v. i. 1. To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; -- sometimes with to.

You must call to the nurse. Shak.

The angel of God called to Hagar. Gen. xxi. 17.

2. To make a demand, requirement, or request.

They called for rooms, and he showed them one. Bunyan.

3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some place designated, as for orders.

He ordered her to call at the house once a week. Temple.

To call for (a) To demand; to require; as, a crime calls for punishment; a survey, grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds, or the quantity of land, etc., which it describes. (b) To give an order for; to request. "Whenever the coach stopped, the sailor called for more ale." Marryat. -- To call on, To call upon, (a) To make a short visit to; as, call on a friend. (b) To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly; as, to call upon a person to make a speech. (c) To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a debt. (d) To invoke or play to; to worship; as, to call upon God. -- To call out To call or utter loudly; to brawl.

Call (?), n. 1. The act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often otherwise, as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as, a call for help; the bugle's call. "Call of the trumpet." Shak.

I rose as at thy call, but found thee not. Milton.

2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe, to summon soldiers or sailors to duty.

3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take charge of or serve a church as its pastor.

4. A requirement or appeal arising from the circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or appeal.

Dependence is a perpetual call upon humanity. Addison.

Running into danger without any call of duty. Macaulay.

5. A divine vocation or summons.

St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a call to it, when he persecuted the Christians. Locke.

6. Vocation; employment. [In this sense, calling is generally used.]

7. A short visit; as, to make a call on a neighbor; also, the daily coming of a tradesman to solicit orders.

The baker's punctual call. Cowper.

8. (Hunting) A note blown on the horn to encourage the hounds.

9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to duty.

10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird; also a noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by imitating their note or cry.

11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of description in a survey or grant requiring or calling for a corresponding object, etc., on the land.

12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock, grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a certain time agreed on. [Brokers' Cant]

13. See Assessment, 4.

At call, or On call, liable to be demanded at any moment without previous notice; as money on deposit. -- Call bird, a bird taught to allure others into a snare. -- Call boy (a) A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy who transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the engineer, helmsman, etc. (b) A waiting boy who answers a cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell boy. -- Call note, the note naturally used by the male bird to call the female. It is artificially applied by birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham. -- Call of the house (Legislative Bodies), a calling over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the ayes and noes from the persons named. -- Call to the bar, admission to practice in the courts.

Cal"la (kăl"l&adot;), n. [LinnŠus derived Calla fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a cock's wattles but cf. L. calla, calsa, name of an unknown plant, and Gr. kalo`s beautiful.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, of the order AraceŠ.

&fist; The common Calla of cultivation is Richardia Africana, belonging to another genus of the same order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy spike, which is covered with minute apetalous flowers.

Cal"lat (?), n. Same as Callet. [Obs.]

A callat of boundless tongue. Shak.

Calle (?), n. [See Caul.] A kind of head covering; a caul. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Call"er (?), n. One who calls.

||Cal"ler (?), a. [Scot.] 1. Cool; refreshing; fresh; as, a caller day; the caller air. Jamieson.

2. Fresh; in good condition; as, caller berrings.

Cal"let (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. caile a country woman, strumpet.] A trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.] [Written also callat.]

Cal"let v. i. To rail or scold. [Obs.] Brathwait.

Cal"lid (?), a. [L. callidus, fr. callere to be thick-skinned, to be hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum, callus, callous skin, callosity, callousness.] Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty. [R.]

Cal*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L. calliditas.] Acuteness of discernment; cunningness; shrewdness. [R.]

Her eagly-eyed callidity. C. Smart.

Cal*lig"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.

{ Cal`li*graph"ic (?), Cal`li*graph"ic*al (?), } a., [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; pref. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;- (fr. &?;&?;&?;&?; beautiful) + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to write; cf. F. calligraphique.] Of or pertaining to calligraphy.

Excellence in the calligraphic act. T. Warton.

Cal*lig"ra*phist (?), n. A calligrapher

Cal*lig"ra*phy, n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. calligraphie.] Fair or elegant penmanship.

Call"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to summon, or to attact the attention of, some one.

2. A summoning or convocation, as of Parliament.

The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment. Macaulay.

3. A divine summons or invitation; also, the state of being divinely called.

Who hath . . . called us with an holy calling. 2 Tim. i. 9.

Give diligence to make yior calling . . . sure. 2 Pet. i. 10.

4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an answer, as in legislative bodies.

5. One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation; business; trade.

The humble calling of ter female parent. Thackeray.

6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any particular professions or employment.

To impose celibacy on wholy callings. Hammond.

7. Title; appellation; name. [Obs.]

I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son His youngest son, and would not change that calling. Shak.

Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession; office; engagement; vocation.

Cal*li"o*pe (kăl*lī"&osl;*p&esl;), n. [L. Calliope, Gr. Kallio`ph, lit, the beautiful-voiced; pref. kalli- (from kalo`s beautiful) + 'o`ps, 'opo`s, voice.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses.

2. (Astron.) One of the asteroids. See Solar.

3. A musical instrument consisting of a series of steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to steamboat boilers.

4. (Zo÷l.) A beautiful species of humming bird (Stellula Calliope) of California and adjacent regions.

||Cal`li*op"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. kalli- (fr. kalo`s beautiful) + 'o`psis appearance.] (Bot.) A popular name given to a few species of the genus Coreopsis, especially to C. tinctoria of Arkansas.