Chapter 48

Age of coal plants. See Age of Acrogens, under Acrogen. -- Anthracite or Glance coal. See Anthracite. -- Bituminous coal. See under Bituminous. -- Blind coal. See under Blind. -- Brown coal, or Lignite. See Lignite. -- Caking coal, a bituminous coal, which softens and becomes pasty or semi-viscid when heated. On increasing the heat, the volatile products are driven off, and a coherent, grayish black, cellular mass of coke is left. -- Cannel coal, a very compact bituminous coal, of fine texture and dull luster. See Cannel coal. -- Coal bed (Geol.), a layer or stratum of mineral coal. -- Coal breaker, a structure including machines and machinery adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting coal. -- Coal field (Geol.), a region in which deposits of coal occur. Such regions have often a basinlike structure, and are hence called coal basins. See Basin. -- Coal gas, a variety of carbureted hydrogen, procured from bituminous coal, used in lighting streets, houses, etc., and for cooking and heating. -- Coal heaver, a man employed in carrying coal, and esp. in putting it in, and discharging it from, ships. -- Coal measures. (Geol.) (a) Strata of coal with the attendant rocks. (b) A subdivision of the carboniferous formation, between the millstone grit below and the Permian formation above, and including nearly all the workable coal beds of the world. -- Coal oil, a general name for mineral oils; petroleum. -- Coal plant (Geol.), one of the remains or impressions of plants found in the strata of the coal formation. -- Coal tar. See in the Vocabulary. -- To haul over the coals, to call to account; to scold or censure. [Colloq.] -- Wood coal. See Lignite.

Coal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Coaling.] 1. To burn to charcoal; to char. [R.]

Charcoal of roots, coaled into great pieces. Bacon.

2. To mark or delineate with charcoal. Camden.

3. To supply with coal; as, to coal a steamer.

Coal, v. i. To take in coal; as, the steamer coaled at Southampton.

Coal"-black` (-blăk`), a. As black as coal; jet black; very black. Dryden.

Coal"er*y (?), n. [Obs.] See Colliery.

Co`a*lesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coalesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Coalescing.] [L. coalescere, coalitium; co- + alescere to grow up, incho. fr. alere to nourish. See Aliment, n.] 1. To grow together; to unite by growth into one body; as, the parts separated by a wound coalesce.

2. To unite in one body or product; to combine into one body or community; as, vapors coalesce.

The Jews were incapable of coalescing with other nations. Campbell.

Certain combinations of ideas that, once coalescing, could not be shaken loose. De Quincey.

Syn. -- See Add.

Co`a*les"cence (?), n. The act or state of growing together, as similar parts; the act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being united; union; concretion.

Co`a*les"cent (?), a. [L. coalescens, p. pr.] Growing together; cohering, as in the organic cohesion of similar parts; uniting.

Coal"fish` (?), n. [Named from the dark color of the back.] (Zo÷l.) (a) The pollock; -- called also, coalsey, colemie, colmey, coal whiting, etc. See Pollock. (b) The beshow or candlefish of Alaska. (c) The cobia.

Coal"goose` (?), n. (Zo÷l.) The cormorant; -- so called from its black color.

Co"a*lite (?), v. i. [L. coalitus, p. p. of coalescere. See Coalesce.] To unite or coalesce. [Obs.]

Let them continue to coalite. Bolingbroke.

Co"a*lite, v. t. To cause to unite or coalesce. [Obs.]

Time has by degrees blended . . . and coalited the conquered with the conquerors. Burke.

Co`a*li"tion (?), n. [LL. coalitio: cf. F. coalition. See Coalesce.] 1. The act of coalescing; union into a body or mass, as of separate bodies or parts; as, a coalition of atoms. Bentley.

2. A combination, for temporary purposes, of persons, parties, or states, having different interests.

A coalition of the puritan and the blackleg. J. Randolph.

The coalition between the religious and worldly enemies of popery. Macaulay.

Syn. -- Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league; combination; conjunction; conspiracy; union.

Co`a*li"tion*er (?), n. A coalitionist.

Co`a*li"tion*ist, n. One who joins or promotes a coalition; one who advocates coalition.

Co`-al*ly" (?), n.; pl. Co-allies (#). A joint ally. Kent.

Coal"-me`ter (?), n. A licensed or official coal measurer in London. See Meter. Simmonds.

Coal"mouse` (?), n. (Zo÷l.) A small species of titmouse, with a black head; the coletit.

Coal"pit` (?), n. 1. A pit where coal is dug.

2. A place where charcoal is made. [U. S.]

Coal" tar` (?). A thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal in the manufacture of illuminating gas; used for making printer's ink, black varnish, etc. It is a complex mixture from which many substances have been obtained, especially hydrocarbons of the benzene or aromatic series.

&fist; Among its important ingredients are benzene, aniline, phenol, naphtalene, anthracene, etc., which are respectively typical of many dye stuffs, as the aniline dyes, the phthale´ns, indigo, alizarin, and many flavoring extracts whose artificial production is a matter of great commercial importance.

Coal"-whip`per (?), n. One who raises coal out of the hold of a ship. [Eng.] Dickens.

Coal" works (?). A place where coal is dug, including the machinery for raising the coal.

Coal"y (?), a. [From Coal, n.] Pertaining to, or resembling, coal; containing coal; of the nature of coal.

Coam"ings (?), n. pl. [Cf. Comb a crest.] (Naut.) Raised pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp. the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from the transverse head ledges. [Written also combings.]

Co`an*nex" (?), v. t. To annex with something else.

Co`ap*ta"tion (?), n. [L. coaptatio, fr. coaptare to fit together; co- + aptare. See Aptate.] The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a broken bone or dislocated joint.

{ Co*arct" (?), Co*arc"tate (?) }, v. t. [See Coarctate, a.] 1. To press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To restrain; to confine. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Co*arc"tate (?), a. [L. coarctatus, p. p. of coarctare to press together; co- + arctare to press together, from arctus, p. p. See Arctation.] (Zo÷l.) Pressed together; closely connected; -- applied to insects having the abdomen separated from the thorax only by a constriction.

Coarctate pupa (Zo÷l.), a pupa closely covered by the old larval skin, as in most Diptera.

Co`arc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. coarctatio.] 1. Confinement to a narrow space. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Pressure; that which presses. [Obs.] Ray.

3. (Med.) A stricture or narrowing, as of a canal, cavity, or orifice.

Coarse (kōrs), a. [Compar. Coarser (kōrs"&etilde;r); superl. Coarsest.] [As this word was anciently written course, or cours, it may be an abbreviation of of course, in the common manner of proceeding, common, and hence, homely, made for common domestic use, plain, rude, rough, gross, e. g., "Though the threads be course." Gascoigne. See Course.]

1. Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or particles; of inferior quality or appearance; not fine in material or close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to fine; as, coarse sand; coarse thread; coarse cloth; coarse bread.

2. Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross; indelicate; as, coarse manners; coarse language.

I feel Of what coarse metal ye are molded. Shak.

To copy, in my coarse English, his beautiful expressions. Dryden.

Syn. -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth; unpolished; inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.

Coarse"-grained` (kōrs"grānd`), a. Having a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in refinement.

Coarse"ly, adv. In a coarse manner; roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly.

Coars"en (kōrs"'n), v. t. To make coarse or vulgar; as, to coarsen one's character. [R.] Graham.

Coarse"ness (kōrs"n&ebreve;s), n. The quality or state of being coarse; roughness; inelegance; vulgarity; grossness; as, coarseness of food, texture, manners, or language. "The coarseness of the sackcloth." Dr. H. More.

Pardon the coarseness of the illustration. L'Estrange.

A coarseness and vulgarity in all the proceedings. Burke.

Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. (Anat.) The union or articulation of bones to form a joint.

Co`-as*sess"or (?), n. A joint assessor.

Coast (?), n. [OF. coste, F. c˘te, rib, hill, shore, coast, L. costa rib, side. Cf. Accost, v. t., Cutlet.] 1. The side of a thing. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

2. The exterior line, limit, or border of a country; frontier border. [Obs.]

From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the uttermost sea, shall your coast be. Deut. xi. 24.

3. The seashore, or land near it.

He sees in English ships the Holland coast. Dryden.

We the Arabian coast do know At distance, when the species blow. Waller.

The coast is clear, the danger is over; no enemy in sight. Dryden. Fig.: There are no obstacles. "Seeing that the coast was clear, Zelmane dismissed Musidorus." Sir P. Sidney. -- Coast guard. (a) A body of men originally employed along the coast to prevent smuggling; now, under the control of the admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve. [Eng.] (b) The force employed in life-saving stations along the seacoast. [U. S.] -- Coast rat (Zo÷l.), a South African mammal (Bathyergus suillus), about the size of a rabbit, remarkable for its extensive burrows; -- called also sand mole. -- Coast waiter, a customhouse officer who superintends the landing or shipping of goods for the coast trade. [Eng.]

Coast (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Coasting.] [OE. costien, costeien, costen, OF. costier, costoier, F. c˘toyer, fr. Of. coste coast, F. c˘te. See Coast, n.] 1. To draw or keep near; to approach. [Obs.]

Anon she hears them chant it lustily, And all in haste she coasteth to the cry. Shak.

2. To sail by or near the shore.

The ancients coasted only in their navigation. Arbuthnot.

3. To sail from port to port in the same country.

4. [Cf. OF. coste, F. c˘te, hill, hillside.] To slide down hill; to slide on a sled, upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]

Coast, v. t. 1. To draw near to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side of. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

2. To sail by or near; to follow the coast line of.

Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain to coast that shore. Sir T. Browne.

3. To conduct along a coast or river bank. [Obs.]

The Indians . . . coasted me along the river. Hakluyt.

Coast"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a coast.

Coast"er (?), n. 1. A vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in the coasting trade.

2. One who sails near the shore.

Coast"ing (?), a. Sailing along or near a coast, or running between ports along a coast.

Coasting trade, trade carried on by water between neighboring ports of the same country, as distinguished from foreign trade or trade involving long voyages. -- Coasting vessel, a vessel employed in coasting; a coaster.

Coast"ing, n. 1. A sailing along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on a coasting trade.

2. Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]

{ Coast"wise` (-wīz`), Coast"ways` (?), } adv. By way of, or along, the coast.

Coat (kōt; 110), n. [OF. cote, F. cotte, petticoat, cotte d'armes coat of arms, cotte de mailles coat of mail, LL. cota, cotta, tunic, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. chozzo coarse mantle, G. klotze, D. kot, hut, E. cot. Cf. Cot a hut.] 1. An outer garment fitting the upper part of the body; especially, such a garment worn by men.

Let each His adamantine coat gird well. Milton.

2. A petticoat. [Obs.] "A child in coats." Locke.

3. The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the order or office; cloth.

Men of his coat should be minding their prayers. Swift.

She was sought by spirits of richest coat. Shak.

4. An external covering like a garment, as fur, skin, wool, husk, or bark; as, the horses coats were sleek.

Fruit of all kinds, in coat Rough or smooth rined, or bearded husk, or shell. Milton.

5. A layer of any substance covering another; a cover; a tegument; as, the coats of the eye; the coats of an onion; a coat of tar or varnish.

6. Same as Coat of arms. See below.

Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight, Or tear the lions out of England's coat. Shak.

7. A coat card. See below. [Obs.]

Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were ranked with coats as long as old master lived. Massinger.

Coat armor. See under Armor. -- Coat of arms (Her.), a translation of the French cotte d'armes, a garment of light material worn over the armor in the 15th and 16th centuries. This was often charged with the heraldic bearings of the wearer. Hence, an heraldic achievement; the bearings of any person, taken together. -- Coat card, a card bearing a coated figure; the king, queen, or knave of playing cards. "ĹI am a coat card indeed.' ĹThen thou must needs be a knave, for thou art neither king nor queen.'" Rowley. -- Coat link, a pair of buttons or studs joined by a link, to hold together the lappels of a double-breasted coat; or a button with a loop for a single-breasted coat. -- Coat of mail, a defensive garment of chain mail. See Chain mail, under Chain. -- Mast coat (Naut.), a piece of canvas nailed around a mast, where it passes through the deck, to prevent water from getting below. -- Sail coat (Naut.), a canvas cover laced over furled sails, and the like, to keep them dry and clean.

Coat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coated; p. pr. & vb. n. Coating.] 1. To cover with a coat or outer garment.

2. To cover with a layer of any substance; as, to coat a jar with tin foil; to coat a ceiling.

Coat*ee" (?), n. A coat with short flaps.

Co*a"ti (k&osl;*ń"t&esl; or k&osl;*ā"t&ibreve;), n. [From the native name: cf. F. coati.] (Zo÷l.) A mammal of tropical America of the genus Nasua, allied to the raccoon, but with a longer body, tail, and nose.

&fist; The red coati (N. socialis), called also coati mondi, inhabits Mexico and Central America. The brown coati (N. narica) is found in Surinam and Brazil.

Coat"ing (?), n. 1. A coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or protection; as, the coating of a retort or vial.

2. Cloth for coats; as, an assortment of coatings.

Coat"less (?), a. Not wearing a coat; also, not possessing a coat.

Coax (?; 110), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coaxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Coaxing.] [Cf. OE. cokes fool, a person easily imposed upon, W. coeg empty, foolish; F. coquin knave, rogue.] To persuade by gentle, insinuating courtesy, flattering, or fondling; to wheedle; to soothe.

Syn. -- To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade; entice.

Coax, n. A simpleton; a dupe. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Co`ax*a"tion (?), n. [Gr. &?; the noise of frogs.] The act of croaking. [R] Dr. H. More.

Coax"er (?), n. One who coaxes.

Coax"ing*ly, adv. In a coaxing manner; by coaxing.

Cob (k&obreve;b), n. [Cf. AS. cop, copp, head, top, D. kop, G. kopf, kuppe, LL. cuppa cup (cf. E. brainpan), and also W. cob tuft, spider, cop, copa, top, summit, cobio to thump. Cf. Cop top, Cup, n.] 1. The top or head of anything. [Obs.] W. Gifford.

2. A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a rich covetous person. [Obs.]

All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies and their bags their god, are called rich cobs. Nash.

3. The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian corn grow. [U. S.]

4. (Zo÷l.) A spider; perhaps from its shape; it being round like a head.

5. (Zo÷l.) A young herring. B. Jonson.

6. (Zo÷l.) A fish; -- also called miller's thumb.

7. A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used for the saddle. [Eng.]

8. (Zo÷l.) A sea mew or gull; esp., the black-backed gull (Larus marinus). [Written also cobb.]

9. A lump or piece of anything, usually of a somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone.

10. A cobnut; as, Kentish cobs. See Cobnut. [Eng.]

11. Clay mixed with straw. [Prov. Eng.]

The poor cottager contenteth himself with cob for his walls, and thatch for his covering. R. Carew.

12. A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood. Wright.

13. A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland, worth abiut 4s. 6d. [Obs.] Wright.

Cob coal, coal in rounded lumps from the size of an egg to that of a football; -- called also cobbles. Grose. -- Cob loaf, a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top. Wright. -- Cob money, a kind of rudely coined gold and silver money of Spanish South America in the eighteenth century. The coins were of the weight of the piece of eight, or one of its aliquot parts.

Cob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cobbing.] 1. To strike [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. (Mining) To break into small pieces, as ore, so as to sort out its better portions. Raymond.

3. (Naut.) To punish by striking on the buttocks with a strap, a flat piece of wood, or the like.

Co*bŠ"a (k&osl;*bē"&adot;), n. [Named after D. Cobo, a Spanish botanist.] A genus of climbing plants, native of Mexico and South America. C. scandens is a conservatory climber with large bell-shaped flowers.

Co"balt (kō"b&obreve;lt; 277, 74), n. [G. kobalt, prob. fr. kobold, kobel, goblin, MHG. kobolt; perh. akin to G. koben pigsty, hut, AS. cofa room, cofgodas household gods, Icel. kofi hut. If so, the ending - old stands for older -walt, -wald, being the same as -ald in E. herald and the word would mean ruler or governor in a house, house spirit, the metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous and troublesome. Cf. Kobold, Cove, Goblin.] 1. (Chem.) A tough, lustrous, reddish white metal of the iron group, not easily fusible, and somewhat magnetic. Atomic weight 59.1. Symbol Co.

&fist; It occurs in nature in combination with arsenic, sulphur, and oxygen, and is obtained from its ores, smaltite, cobaltite, asbolite, etc. Its oxide colors glass or any flux, as borax, a fine blue, and is used in the manufacture of smalt. It is frequently associated with nickel, and both are characteristic ingredients of meteoric iron.

2. A commercial name of a crude arsenic used as fly poison.

Cobalt bloom. Same as Erythrite. -- Cobalt blue, a dark blue pigment consisting of some salt of cobalt, as the phosphate, ignited with alumina; -- called also cobalt ultramarine, and Thenard's blue. -- Cobalt crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt. -- Cobalt glance. (Min.) See Cobaltite. -- Cobalt green, a pigment consisting essentially of the oxides of cobalt and zinc; -- called also Rinman's green. -- Cobalt yellow (Chem.), a yellow crystalline powder, regarded as a double nitrite of cobalt and potassium.

Co*balt"ic (?; 74), a. [Cf. F. cobaltique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said especially of those compounds in which cobalt has higher valence; as, cobaltic oxide.

Luteo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of complex yellow compounds of ammonia and cobaltic salts. -- Roseo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of complex red compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications of these are the purpureo-cobaltic compounds.

Co`balt*if"er*ous (?), a. [Cobalt + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing cobalt.

{ Co"balt*ine (?), Co"balt*ite (?) } n. (Min.) A mineral of a nearly silver-white color, composed of arsenic, sulphur, and cobalt.

Co*balt"ous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said esp. of cobalt compounds in which the metal has its lower valence.

Cobaltous chloride, a crystalline compound, CoCl2, of a pale rose color when hydrous, blue when dehydrated. Its solution is used for a sympathetic ink, the writing being nearly colorless when dried in the air, owing to absorbed moisture, and becoming bright blue when warmed.

Cob"bing (?), a. Haughty; purse-proud. See Cob, n., 2. [Obs.] Withals (1608).

Cob"ble (?), n. A fishing boat. See Coble.

Cob"ble, n. [From Cob a lump. See Cob, n., 9, and cf. Copple, Copplestone.] 1. A cobblestone. "Their slings held cobbles round." Fairfax.

2. pl. Cob coal. See under Cob.

Cob"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cobbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cobbling (?).] [OF. cobler, copler, to join or knit together, couple, F. coupler, L. copulare to couple, join. Cf. Couple, n. & v. t.] 1. To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch; as, to cobble shoes. Shak. "A cobbled saddle." Thackeray.

2. To make clumsily. "Cobbled rhymes." Dryden.

3. To pave with cobblestones.

Cob"bler (?), n. 1. A mender of shoes. Addison.

2. A clumsy workman. Shak.

3. A beverage. See Sherry cobbler, under Sherry.

Cobbler fish (Zo÷l.), a marine fish (Blepharis crinitus) of the Atlantic. The name alludes to its threadlike fin rays.

Cob"ble*stone` (?), n. A large pebble; a rounded stone not too large to be handled; a small boulder; -- used for paving streets and for other purposes.

Cob"by (?), a. [From Cob, n.] 1. Headstrong; obstinate. [Obs.] Brockett.

2. Stout; hearty; lively. [Obs.]

Co`bel*lig"er*ent (?), a. Carrying on war in conjunction with another power.

Co`bel*lig"er*ent, n. A nation or state that carries on war in connection with another.

Co"bi*a (?), n. (Zo÷l.) An oceanic fish of large size (Elacate canada); the crabeater; -- called also bonito, cubbyyew, coalfish, and sergeant fish.

Cob"i`ron (?), n. [From Cob the top.] An andiron with a knob at the top. Bacon.

Co`bish"op (?), n. A joint or coadjutant bishop. Ayliffe.

Co"ble (?), n. [AS. cuopel; cf. W. ceubal skiff, ferryboat.] A flat-floored fishing boat with a lug sail, and a drop rudder extending from two to four feet below the keel. It was originally used on the stormy coast of Yorkshire, England.

Cob"nut` (?), n. 1. (Com.) A large roundish variety of the cultivated hazelnut.

2. A game played by children with nuts.

Co*boose" (?), n. See Caboose.

Co"bourg (?), n. [Named from the town of Coburg in Germany.] A thin worsted fabric for women's dresses.

Co"bra (?), n. See Copra.

Co"bra, n. The cobra de capello.

||Co"bra de ca*pel"lo (?). [Pg., serpent of the hood.] (Zo÷l.) The hooded snake (Naia tripudians), a highly venomous serpent inhabiting India.

Cob"stone` (?), n. Cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.]

Cob"swan` (?), n. A large swan. B. Jonson.

Cob"wall` (?), n. [Cob clay mixed with straw + wall.] A wall made of clay mixed with straw.

Cob"web` (?), n. [Cob a spider + web.] 1. The network spread by a spider to catch its prey.

2. A snare of insidious meshes designed to catch the ignorant and unwary.

I can not but lament thy splendid wit Entangled in the cobwebs of the schools. Cowper.

3. That which is thin and unsubstantial, or flimsy and worthless; rubbish.

The dust and cobwebs of that uncivil age. Sir P. Sidney.

4. (Zo÷l.) The European spotted flycatcher.

Cobweb lawn, a fine linen, mentioned in 1640 as being in pieces of fifteen yards. Beck. Draper's Dict.

Such a proud piece of cobweb lawn. Beau. & Fl.

-- Cobweb micrometer, a micrometer in which threads of cobweb are substituted for wires.

Cob"webbed` (?), a. Abounding in cobwebs. "The cobwebbed cottage." Young.

Cob"web`by (?), a. Abounding in cobwebs, or any fine web; resembling a cobweb.

Cob"work` (?), a. Built of logs, etc., laid horizontally, with the ends dovetailed together at the corners, as in a log house; in marine work, often surrounding a central space filled with stones; as, a cobwork dock or breakwater.

Co"ca (?), n. [Sp., fr. native name.] The dried leaf of a South American shrub (Erythroxylon Coca). In med., called Erythroxylon.

&fist; Coca leaves resemble tea leaves in size, shape, and odor, and are chewed (with an alkali) by natives of Peru and Bolivia to impart vigor in prolonged exertion, or to sustain strength in absence of food.

Mexican coca, an American herb (Richardsonia scabra), yielding a nutritious fodder. Its roots are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha.