Chapter 47

3. An association of persons for the promotion of some common object, as literature, science, politics, good fellowship, etc.; esp. an association supported by equal assessments or contributions of the members.

They talked At wine, in clubs, of art, of politics. Tennyson.

He [Goldsmith] was one of the nine original members of that celebrated fraternity which has sometimes been called the Literary Club, but which has always disclaimed that epithet, and still glories in the simple name of the Club. Macaulay.

4. A joint charge of expense, or any person's share of it; a contribution to a common fund.

They laid down the club. L'Estrange.

We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings for our part of the club. Pepys.

Club law, government by violence; lynch law; anarchy. Addison. -

Club moss (Bot.), an evergreen mosslike plant, much used in winter decoration. The best know species is Lycopodium clavatum, but other Lycopodia are often called by this name. The spores form a highly inflammable powder. -- Club root (Bot.), a disease of cabbages, by which the roots become distorted and the heads spoiled. -- Club topsail (Naut.), a kind of gaff topsail, used mostly by yachts having a fore-and-aft rig. It has a short "club" or "jack yard" to increase its spread.

Club (klŭb), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clubbed (klŭbd); p. pr. & vb. n. Clubbing.] 1. To beat with a club.

2. (Mil.) To throw, or allow to fall, into confusion.

To club a battalion implies a temporary inability in the commanding officer to restore any given body of men to their natural front in line or column. Farrow.

3. To unite, or contribute, for the accomplishment of a common end; as, to club exertions.

4. To raise, or defray, by a proportional assesment; as, to club the expense.

To club a musket (Mil.), to turn the breach uppermost, so as to use it as a club.

Club (?), v. i. 1. To form a club; to combine for the promotion of some common object; to unite.

Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream Of fancy, madly met, and clubbed into a dream. Dryden.

2. To pay on equal or proportionate share of a common charge or expense; to pay for something by contribution.

The owl, the raven, and the bat, Clubbed for a feather to his hat. Swift.

3. (Naut.) To drift in a current with an anchor out.

Club"ba*ble (?), a. Suitable for membership in a club; sociable. [Humorous.] G. W. Curtis.

Clubbed (?), a. Shaped like a club; grasped like, or used as, a club. Skelton.

Club"ber (?), n. 1. One who clubs.

2. A member of a club. [R.] Massinger.

Club"bish (?), a. 1. Rude; clownish. [Obs.]

2. Disposed to club together; as, a clubbish set.

Club"bist (?), n. A member of a club; a frequenter of clubs. [R.] Burke.

Club"fist` (?), n. 1. A large, heavy fist.

2. A coarse, brutal fellow. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

Club"fist`ed, a. Having a large fist. Howell.

Club"foot (?), n. [Club + foot.] (Med.) A short, variously distorted foot; also, the deformity, usually congenital, which such a foot exhibits; talipes.

Club"foot`ed, a. Having a clubfoot.

Club"hand` (?), n. (Med.) A short, distorted hand; also, the deformity of having such a hand.

Club"haul` (?), v. t. (Naut.) To put on the other tack by dropping the lee anchor as soon as the wind is out of the sails (which brings the vessel's head to the wind), and by cutting the cable as soon as she pays off on the other tack. Clubhauling is attempted only in an exigency.

Club"house` (?), n. A house occupied by a club.

Club"room` (?), n. The apartment in which a club meets. Addison.

Club"-rush` (?), n. (Bot.) A rushlike plant, the reed mace or cat-tail, or some species of the genus Scirpus. See Bulrush.

Club"-shaped (?), a. Enlarged gradually at the end, as the antennŠ of certain insects.

Cluck (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clucked (?); p pr. & vb. n. Clucking.] [AS. cloccian; cf. D. klokken, G. glucken, glucksen, LG. klukken, Dan. klukke; all prob. of imitative origin.] To make the noise, or utter the call, of a brooding hen. Ray.

Cluck, v. t. To call together, or call to follow, as a hen does her chickens.

She, poor hen, fond of no second brood, Has clucked three to the wars. Shak.

Cluck, n. 1. The call of a hen to her chickens.

2. A click. See 3d Click, 2.

Cluck"ing, n. The noise or call of a brooding hen.

Clue (klū), n. [See Clew, n.] A ball of thread; a thread or other means of guidance. Same as Clew.

You have wound a goodly clue. Shak.

This clue once found unravels all the rest. Pope.

Serve as clues to guide us into further knowledge. Locke.

Clum (klŭm), interj. Silence; hush. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Clum"ber (klŭm"b&etilde;r), n. [Named from the estate of the Duke of Newcastle.] (Zo÷l.) A kind of field spaniel, with short legs and stout body, which, unlike other spaniels, hunts silently.

Clump (klŭmp), n. [Cf. D. klomp lump, G. klump, klumpen, Dan. klump, Sw. klump; perh. akin to L. globus, E. globe. Cf. Club.] 1. An unshaped piece or mass of wood or other substance.

2. A cluster; a group; a thicket.

A clump of shrubby trees. Hawthorne.

3. The compressed clay of coal strata. Brande & C.

Clump, v. t. To arrange in a clump or clumps; to cluster; to group. Blackmore.

Clump, v. i. To tread clumsily; to clamp. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Clump"er (?), v. t. [Cf. G. klŘmpern to clod. See Clump, n.] To form into clumps or masses. [Obs.]

Vapors . . . clumpered in balls of clouds. Dr. H. More.

Clumps (?), n. A game in which questions are asked for the purpose of enabling the questioners to discover a word or thing previously selected by two persons who answer the questions; -- so called because the players take sides in two "clumps" or groups, the "clump" which guesses the word winning the game.

Clump"y (?), a. [From Clump, n.] Composed of clumps; massive; shapeless. Leigh Hunt.

Clum"si*ly (?), adv. In a clumsy manner; awkwardly; as, to walk clumsily.

Clum"si*ness, n. The quality of being clumsy.

The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to clumsiness and ignorance. Collier.

Clum"sy (?), a. [Compar. Clumsier (?); superl. Clumsiest.] [OE. clumsed benumbed, fr. clumsen to be benumbed; cf. Icel. klumsa lockjaw, dial. Sw. klummsen benumbed with cold. Cf. 1st Clam, and 1st Clamp.] 1. Stiff or benumbed, as with cold. [Obs.]

2. Without skill or grace; wanting dexterity, nimbleness, or readiness; stiff; awkward, as if benumbed; unwieldy; unhandy; hence; ill-made, misshapen, or inappropriate; as, a clumsy person; a clumsy workman; clumsy fingers; a clumsy gesture; a clumsy excuse.

But thou in clumsy verse, unlicked, unpointed, Hast shamefully defied the Lord's anointed. Dryden.

Syn. -- See Awkward.

Clunch (?), n. [Perh. fr. clinch to make fast] 1. (Mining) Indurated clay. See Bind, n., 3.

2. One of the hard beds of the lower chalk. Dana.

Clung (?), imp. & p. p. of Cling.

Clung, a. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.] Wasted away; shrunken. [Obs.]

Clu"ni*ac (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A monk of the reformed branch of the Benedictine Order, founded in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France. -- Also used as a.

Clu`ni*a*cen"sian (?), a. Cluniac.

Clu"pe*oid (?), a. [L. clupea a kind of fish, NL., generic name of the herring + -oid.] (Zo÷l.) Of or pertaining to the Herring family.

Clus"ter (klŭs"t&etilde;r), n. [AS. cluster, clyster; cf. LG. kluster (also Sw. & Dan. klase a cluster of grapes, D. klissen to be entangled?.)] 1. A number of things of the same kind growing together; a bunch.

Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes, Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine. Spenser.

2. A number of similar things collected together or lying contiguous; a group; as, a cluster of islands. "Cluster of provinces." Motley.

3. A number of individuals grouped together or collected in one place; a crowd; a mob.

As bees . . . Pour forth their populous youth about the hive In clusters. Milton.

We loved him; but, like beasts And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your clusters, Who did hoot him out o' the city. Shak.

Clus"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clustered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Clustering.] To grow in clusters or assemble in groups; to gather or unite in a cluster or clusters.

His sunny hair Cluster'd about his temples, like a god's. Tennyson.

The princes of the country clustering together. Foxe.

Clus"ter, v. t. To collect into a cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch or close body.

Not less the bee would range her cells, . . . The foxglove cluster dappled bells. Tennyson.

Or from the forest falls the clustered snow. Thomson.

Clustered column (Arch.), a column which is composed, or appears to be composed, of several columns collected together.

Clus"ter*ing*ly, adv. In clusters.

Clus"ter*y (?), a. [From Cluster, n.] Growing in, or full of, clusters; like clusters. Johnson.

Clutch (klŭch; 224), n. [OE. cloche, cloke, claw, Scot. clook, cleuck, also OE. cleche claw, clechen, cleken, to seize; cf. AS. gelŠccan (where ge- is a prefix) to seize. Cf. Latch a catch.] 1. A gripe or clinching with, or as with, the fingers or claws; seizure; grasp. "The clutch of poverty." Cowper.

An expiring clutch at popularity. Carlyle.

But Age, with his stealing steps, Hath clawed me in his clutch. Shak.

2. pl. The hands, claws, or talons, in the act of grasping firmly; -- often figuratively, for power, rapacity, or cruelty; as, to fall into the clutches of an adversary.

I must have . . . little care of myself, if I ever more come near the clutches of such a giant. Bp. Stillingfleet.

3. (Mach.) A device which is used for coupling shafting, etc., so as to transmit motion, and which may be disengaged at pleasure.

4. Any device for gripping an object, as at the end of a chain or tackle.

5. (Zo÷l.) The nest complement of eggs of a bird.

Bayonet clutch (Mach.), a clutch in which connection is made by means of bayonets attached to arms sliding on a feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes in a crosshead fastened on the shaft.

Clutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clutched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Clutching.] [OE. clucchen. See Clutch, n.] 1. To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands, or claws; -- often figuratively; as, to clutch power.

A man may set the poles together in his head, and clutch the whole globe at one intellectual grasp. Collier.

Is this a dagger which I see before me . . . ? Come, let me clutch thee. Shak.

2. To close tightly; to clinch.

Not that I have the power to clutch my hand. Shak.

Clutch, v. i. To reach (at something) as if to grasp; to catch or snatch; -- often followed by at.

Clutching at the phantoms of the stock market. Bankroft.

Clut"ter (?), n. [Cf. W. cludair heap, pile, cludeirio to heap.] 1. A confused collection; hence, confusion; disorder; as, the room is in a clutter.

He saw what a clutter there was with huge, overgrown pots, pans, and spits. L'Estrange.

2. Clatter; confused noise. Swift.

Clut"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cluttered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cluttering.] To crowd together in disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw into disorder; to disarrange; as, to clutter a room.

Clut"ter, v. i. To make a confused noise; to bustle.

It [the goose] cluttered here, it chuckled there. Tennyson.

Clut"ter, v. t. [From Clod, n.] To clot or coagulate, as blood. [Obs.] Holland.

Clyp`e*as"troid (?), a. [NL. Clypeaster (L. clupeus shield + aster star) + -oid.] (Zo÷l.) Like or related to the genus Clupeaster; -- applied to a group of flattened sea urchins, with a rosette of pores on the upper side.

Clyp"e*ate (?), a. [L. clupeatus, p. p. of clupeare to arm with a shield, fr. clupeus, clipeus shield.] 1. (Bot.) Shaped like a round buckler or shield; scutate.

2. (Zo÷l.) Furnished with a shield, or a protective plate or shell.

Clyp"e*i*form` (?), a. [L. clupeus shield + -form.] Shield-shaped; clypeate.

||Clyp"e*us (?), n.; pl. Clypei (#). [L., a shield.] (Zo÷l.) The frontal plate of the head of an insect.

Clys"mi*an (?), a. [Gr. &?; a place washed by the waves, fr. &?;. See Clyster.] Connected with, or related to, the deluge, or to a cataclysm; as, clysmian changes. Smart.

Clys"mic (?), a. Washing; cleansing.

Clys"ter (?), n. [L., fr. G. &?;. fr. &?; to wash off or out; akin to Goth. hlūtrs pure, G. lauter: cf. F. clystŔre] (Med.) A liquid injected into the lower intestines by means of a syringe; an injection; an enema.

Clyster pipe, a tube or pipe used for injections.

Cne"mi*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; the tibia.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the shin bone.

Cnemial crest, a crestlike prominence on the proximal end of the tibia of birds and some reptiles.

||Cni"da (nī"d&adot;), n.; pl. CnidŠ (nī"dē). [NL., fr. Gr. kni`dh nettle, sea nettle.] (Zo÷l.) One of the peculiar stinging cells found in Cťlenterata; a nematocyst; a lasso cell.

||Cni*da"ri*a (n&ibreve;*dā"r&ibreve;*&adot;), n. pl. [NL. See Cnida.] (Zo÷l.) A comprehensive group equivalent to the true Cťlenterata, i. e., exclusive of the sponges. They are so named from presence of stinging cells (cnidae) in the tissues. See Coelenterata.

Cni"do*blast (?), n. [Cnida + -blast.] (Zo÷l.) One of the cells which, in the Cťlenterata, develop into cnidŠ.

Cni"do*cil (?), n. [Cnida + cilium eyelash.] (Zo÷l.) The fine filiform process of a cnidoblast.

Co- (k&osl;-). A form of the prefix com-, signifying with, together, in conjunction, joint. It is used before vowels and some consonants. See Com-.

Co`a*cer"vate (?), a. [L. coacervatus, p. p. of coacervare to heap up; co- + acervare. See Acervate.] Raised into a pile; collected into a crowd; heaped. [R.] Bacon.

Co`a*cer"vate (?), v. t. To heap up; to pile. [R.]

Co*ac`er*va"tion (?), n. [L. coacervatio.] A heaping together. [R.] Bacon.

Coach (kōch; 224), n. [F. coche, fr. It. cocchio, dim. of cocca little boat, fr. L. concha mussel, mussel shell, Gr. &?;, akin to Skr. šankha. Cf. Conch, Cockboat, Cockle.] 1. A large, closed, four- wheeled carriage, having doors in the sides, and generally a front and back seat inside, each for two persons, and an elevated outside seat in front for the driver.

&fist; Coaches have a variety of forms, and differ in respect to the number of persons they can carry. Mail coaches and tallyho coaches often have three or more seats inside, each for two or three persons, and seats outside, sometimes for twelve or more.

2. A special tutor who assists in preparing a student for examination; a trainer; esp. one who trains a boat's crew for a race. [Colloq.]

Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester coach. G. Eliot.

3. (Naut.) A cabin on the after part of the quarter-deck, usually occupied by the captain. [Written also couch.] [Obs.]

The commanders came on board and the council sat in the coach. Pepys.

4. (Railroad) A first-class passenger car, as distinguished from a drawing-room car, sleeping car, etc. It is sometimes loosely applied to any passenger car.

Coach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Coaching.] 1. To convey in a coach. Pope.

2. To prepare for public examination by private instruction; to train by special instruction. [Colloq.]

I coached him before he got his scholarship. G. Eliot.

Coach, v. i. To drive or to ride in a coach; -- sometimes used with it. [Colloq.] "Coaching it to all quarters." E. Waterhouse.

Coach"box` (?). The seat of a coachman.

Coach"dog` (?; 115). (Zo÷l.) One of a breed of dogs trained to accompany carriages; the Dalmatian dog.

Coach"ee (?), n. A coachman [Slang]

Coach"fel`low (?), n. One of a pair of horses employed to draw a coach; hence (Fig.), a comrade. Shak.

Coach"man (?), n.; pl. Coachmen (#). 1. A man whose business is to drive a coach or carriage.

2. (Zo÷l.) A tropical fish of the Atlantic ocean (Dutes auriga); -- called also charioteer. The name refers to a long, lashlike spine of the dorsal fin.

Coach"man*ship (?), n. Skill in driving a coach.

Coach"whip` snake" (?). (Zo÷l.) A large, slender, harmless snake of the southern United States (Masticophis flagelliformis).

&fist; Its long and tapering tail has the scales so arranged and colored as to give it a braided appearance, whence the name.

Co*act" (?), v. t. [L. coactare, intens. fr. cogere, coactum, to force. See Cogent.] To force; to compel; to drive. [Obs.]

The faith and service of Christ ought to be voluntary and not coacted. Foxe.

Co*act", v. i. [Pref. co- + act, v. i.] To act together; to work in concert; to unite. [Obs.]

But if I tell you how these two did coact. Shak.

Co*ac"tion (?), n. [L. coactio.] Force; compulsion, either in restraining or impelling. Sojth.

Co*ac"tive (?), a. [In sense 1, fr. 1st Coact; in sense 2, fr. 2d Coact.] 1. Serving to compel or constrain; compulsory; restrictive.

Any coactive power or the civil kind. Bp. Warburton.

2. Acting in concurrence; united in action.

With what's unreal thou coactive art. Shak.

Co*ac"tive*ly, adv. In a coactive manner.

Co`ac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Unity of action.

Co*ad`ap*ta"tion (?), n. Mutual adaption. R. Owen.

Co`a*dapt"ed (?), a. Adapted one to another; as, coadapted pulp and tooth. R. Owen.

Co*ad"ju*ment (?), n. Mutual help; co÷peration. [R.] Johnson.

Co`ad*just" (?), v. t. To adjust by mutual adaptations. R. Owen.

Co`ad*just"ment (?), n. Mutual adjustment.

Co*ad"ju*tant (?), a. Mutually assisting or operating; helping. J. Philips.

Co*ad"ju*tant, n. An assistant. R. North.

Co*ad"ju*ting, a. Mutually assisting. [Obs.] Drayton.

Co*ad"ju*tive (?), a. Rendering mutual aid; coadjutant. Feltham.

Co`ad*ju"tor (?), n. [L. See Co-, and Aid.] 1. One who aids another; an assistant; a coworker.

Craftily outwitting her perjured coadjutor. Sheridan.

2. (R. C. Ch.) The assistant of a bishop or of a priest holding a benefice.

Co`ad*ju"tor*ship, n. The state or office of a coadjutor; joint assistance. Pope.

{ Co`ad*ju"tress (?), Co`ad*ju"trix (?), } n. A female coadjutor or assistant. Holland. Smollett.

Co*ad"ju*van*cy (?), n. Joint help; co÷peration. Sir T. Browne.

Co*ad"ju*vant (?), a. Co÷perating.

Co*ad"ju*vant, n. (Med.) An adjuvant.

Co*ad"u*nate (?; 135), a. [L. coadunatus, p. p. of coadunare to unite. See Adunation.] (Bot.) United at the base, as contiguous lobes of a leaf.

Co*ad`u*na"tion (?), n. [L. coadunatio.] Union, as in one body or mass; unity. Jer. Taylor.

The coadunation of all the civilized provinces. Coleridge.

Co*ad`u*ni"tion (?), n. [Pref. co- + pref. ad- + unition.] Coadunation. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Co`ad*ven"ture (?; 135), n. An adventure in which two or more persons are partakers.

Co`ad*ven"ture, v. i. To share in a venture. Howell.

Co`ad*ven"tur*er (?), n. A fellow adventurer.

Co`af*for"est (?), v. t. To convert into, or add to, a forest. Howell.

Coag (?), n. See Coak, a kind of tenon.

Co*a"gen*cy (?), n. Agency in common; joint agency or agent. Coleridge.

Co*a"gent (?), n. An associate in an act; a coworker. Drayton.

Co`ag*ment" (?), v. t. [L. coagmentare, fr. coagmentum a joining together, fr. cogere. See Cogent.] To join together. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Co*ag`men*ta"tion (?), n. [L. coagmentatio.] The act of joining, or the state of being joined, together; union. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Co*ag`u*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being coagulable; capacity of being coagulated. Ure.

Co*ag"u*la*ble (?), a. Capable of being coagulated. Boyle.

Co*ag"u*lant (?), n. [L. coagulans, p. pr.] That which produces coagulation.

Co*ag"u*late (?), a. [L. coagulatus, p. p. of coagulare to coagulate, fr. coagulum means of coagulation, fr. cogere, coactum, to drive together, coagulate. See Cogent.] Coagulated. [Obs.] Shak.

Co*ag"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coagulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Coagulating (?).] To cause (a liquid) to change into a curdlike or semisolid state, not by evaporation but by some kind of chemical reaction; to curdle; as, rennet coagulates milk; heat coagulates the white of an egg.

Co*ag"u*late, v. i. To undergo coagulation. Boyle.

Syn. -- To thicken; concrete; curdle; clot; congeal.

Co*ag"u*la`ted (?), a. Changed into, or contained in, a coagulum or a curdlike mass; curdled.

Coagulated proteid (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of bodies formed in the coagulation of a albuminous substance by heat, acids, or other agents.

Co*ag`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. coagulatio.] 1. The change from a liquid to a thickened, curdlike, insoluble state, not by evaporation, but by some kind of chemical reaction; as, the spontaneous coagulation of freshly drawn blood; the coagulation of milk by rennet, or acid, and the coagulation of egg albumin by heat. Coagulation is generally the change of an albuminous body into an insoluble modification.

2. The substance or body formed by coagulation.

Co*ag"u*la*tive (?), a. Having the power to cause coagulation; as, a coagulative agent. Boyle.

Co*ag"u*la`tor (?), n. That which causes coagulation. Hixley.

Co*ag"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Serving to coagulate; produced by coagulation; as, coagulatory effects. Boyle.

Co*ag"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Coagula (#). [L. See Coagulate, a.] The thick, curdy precipitate formed by the coagulation of albuminous matter; any mass of coagulated matter, as a clot of blood.

||Co*ai"ta (k&osl;*ń&ibreve;"t&adot;), n. (Zo÷l.) The native name of certain South American monkeys of the genus Ateles, esp. A. paniscus. The black-faced coaita is Ateles ater. See Illustration in Appendix.

Coak (kōk), n. See Coke, n.

Coak, n. 1. (Carp.) A kind of tenon connecting the face of a scarfed timber with the face of another timber, or a dowel or pin of hard wood or iron uniting timbers. [Also spelt coag.]

2. A metallic bushing or strengthening piece in the center of a wooden block sheave.

Coak, v. t. (Carp.) To unite, as timbers, by means of tenons or dowels in the edges or faces. Totten.

Coal (?), n. [AS. col; akin to D. kool, OHG. chol, cholo, G. kohle, Icel. kol, pl., Sw. kol, Dan. kul; cf. Skr. jval to burn. Cf. Kiln, Collier.] 1. A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited, fragment from wood or other combustible substance; charcoal.

2. (Min.) A black, or brownish black, solid, combustible substance, dug from beds or veins in the earth to be used for fuel, and consisting, like charcoal, mainly of carbon, but more compact, and often affording, when heated, a large amount of volatile matter.

&fist; This word is often used adjectively, or as the first part of self-explaining compounds; as, coal-black; coal formation; coal scuttle; coal ship. etc.

&fist; In England the plural coals is used, for the broken mineral coal burned in grates, etc.; as, to put coals on the fire. In the United States the singular in a collective sense is the customary usage; as, a hod of coal.