Chapter 42

Clamp, v. i. To tread heavily or clumsily; to clump.

The policeman with clamping feet. Thackeray.

Clamp"er (?), n. An instrument of iron, with sharp prongs, attached to a boot or shoe to enable the wearer to walk securely upon ice; a creeper. Kane.

Clan (klăn), n. [Gael. clann offspring, descendants; akin to Ir. clann, cland, offspring, tribe, family; perh. from L. plania scion, slip, cutting. Cf. Plant, n.] 1. A tribe or collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname; as, the clan of Macdonald. "I have marshaled my clan." Campbell.

2. A clique; a sect, society, or body of persons; esp., a body of persons united by some common interest or pursuit; -- sometimes used contemptuously.

Partidge and the rest of his clan may hoot me. Smolett.

The whole clan of the enlightened among us. Burke.

Clan"cu*lar (?), a. [L. clancularius , from clanculum secretly, adv. dim. of clam secretly.] Conducted with secrecy; clandestine; concealed. [Obs.]

Not close and clancular, but frank and open. Barrow.

Clan"cu*lar*ly, adv. privately; secretly. [Obs.]

Clan*des"tine (?), a. [L. clandestinus, fr. clam secretly; akin to celare, E. conceal: cf. F. clandestin.] Conducted with secrecy; withdrawn from public notice, usually for an evil purpose; kept secret; hidden; private; underhand; as, a clandestine marriage. Locke.

Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand; sly; stealthy; surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent.

-- Clan*des"tine*ly, adv. -- Clan*des"tine*ness, n.

Clan`des*tin"i*ty (?), n. Privacy or secrecy. [R.]

Clang (klăng), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clanged (klăngd); p. pr. & vb. n. Clanging.] [L. clangere; akin to Gr. kla`zein to clash, scream; or perh. to E. clank.] To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound.

The fierce Caretes . . . clanged their sounding arms. Prior.

Clang, v. i. To give out a clang; to resound. "Clanging hoofs." Tennyson.

Clang, n. 1. A loud, ringing sound, like that made by metallic substances when clanged or struck together.

The broadsword's deadly clang, As if a thousand anvils rang. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Mus.) Quality of tone.

Clan"gor (klă&nsm;"g&etilde;r), n. [L., fr. clangere. See Clang, v. t.] A sharp, harsh, ringing sound. Dryden.

Clan"gor*ous (?), a. [LL. clangorosus.] Making a clangor; having a ringing, metallic sound.

Clan"gous (?), a. Making a clang, or a ringing metallic sound. [Obs.]

Clan*jam"frie (?), n. Same as Clamjamphrie. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Clank (klă&nsm;k), n. [Akin to clink, and of imitative origin; cf. G. klang sound, D. klank. Cf. Clang.] A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually expressing a duller or less resounding sound than clang, and a deeper and stronger sound than clink.

But not in chains to pine, His spirit withered with tyeur clank. Byron.

Clank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Clanking.] To cause to sound with a clank; as, the prisoners clank their chains.

Clank, v. i. To sound with a clank.

Clank"less, a. Without a clank. Byreon.

Clan"nish (?), a. Of or pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan; disposed to associate only with one's clan or clique; actuated by the traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a clan.

-- Clan"nish*ly, adv. -- Clan"nish*ness, n.

Clan"ship, n. A state of being united together as in a clan; an association under a chieftain.

Clans"man (?), n.; pl. Clansmen (#). One belonging to the same clan with another.

Clap (klăp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clapped (klăpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Clapping.] [AS. clappan; akin to Icel. & Sw. klappa, D, klappen, to clap, prate, G. klaffen, v. i., to split open, yelp, klopfen, v. t. & i., to knock.] 1. To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike together, with a quick motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; as, to clap one's hands; a clapping of wings.

Then like a bird it sits and sings, And whets and claps its silver wings. Marvell.

2. To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a hasty or abrupt manner; -- often followed by to, into, on, or upon.

He had just time to get in and clap to the door. Locke

Clap an extinguaisher upon your irony. Lamb.

3. To manifest approbation of, by striking the hands together; to applaud; as, to clap a performance.

To clap hands. (a) To pledge faith by joining hands. [Obs.] Shak. (b) To express contempt or derision. [Obs.] Lam. ii. 15. -- To clap hold of, to seize roughly or quickly. -- To clap up. (a) To imprison hastily or without due formality. (b) To make or contrive hastily. [Obs.] "Was ever match clapped up so suddenly?" Shak.

Clap (?), v. i. 1. To knock, as at a door. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To strike the hands together in applause.

Their ladies bid them clap. Shak.

3. To come together suddenly with noise.

The doors around me clapped. Dryden.

4. To enter with alacrity and briskness; -- with to or into. [Obs.] "Shall we clap into it roundly, without . . . saying we are hoarse?" Shak.

5. To talk noisily; to chatter loudly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Clap (klăp), n. 1. A loud noise made by sudden collision; a bang. "Give the door such a clap, as you go out, as will shake the whole room." Swift.

2. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion.

Horrible claps of thunder. Hakewill.

3. A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a blow.

What, fifty of my followers at a clap! Shak.

4. A striking of hands to express approbation.

Unextrected claps or hisses. Addison.

5. Noisy talk; chatter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

6. (Falconry) The nether part of the beak of a hawk.

Clap dish. See Clack dish, under Clack, n. -- Clap net, a net for taking birds, made to close or clap together.

Clap (?), n. [Cf. OF. clapoir.] Gonorrhea.

Clap"board (?), n. 1. A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; -- used for weatherboarding the outside of houses. [U. S.]

2. A stave for a cask. [Eng.] Halliwell.

Clap"board, v. t. To cover with clapboards; as, to clapboard the sides of a house. [U. S.] Bartlett.

{ Clap"bread` (?), Clap"cake` (?) }, n. Oatmeal cake or bread clapped or beaten till it is thin. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Clape (?), n. (Zo÷l.) A bird; the flicker.

Clap"per (?), n. 1. A person who claps.

2. That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See Illust. of Bell.

Clapper rail (Zo÷l.), an Americam species of rail (Rallus scepitans).

Clap"per, n. [F. clapier.] A rabbit burrow. [Obs.]

Clap"per*claw (klăp"p&etilde;r*kl&add;), v. t. [Clap + claw.] 1. To fight and scratch. C. Smart.

2. To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to scold.

Claps (klăp), v. t. Variant of Clasp [Obs.] Chaucer.

Clap"trap` (klăp"trăp`), n. 1. A contrivance for clapping in theaters. [Obs.]

2. A trick or device to gain applause; humbug.

Clap"trap`, a. Contrived for the purpose of making a show, or gaining applause; deceptive; unreal.

||Claque (?), n. [F.] A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical exhibition.

||Cla`queur" (?), n. [F.] One of the claque employed to applaud at a theater.

Clare (?), n. A nun of the order of St. Clare.

Clar"ence (?), n. A close four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat for the driver.

{ Clar"en*ceux, Clar"en*cieux } (?), n. (Her.) See King-at- arms.

Clar"en*don (?), n. A style of type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in all sizes.

&fist; This line is in nonpareil Clarendon.

Clare"-ob*scure" (?), n. [L. clarus clear + obscurus obscure; cf. F. clair- obscur. Cf. Chiaroscuro.] (Painting) See Chiaroscuro.

Clar"et (klăr"&ebreve;t), n. [OE. claret, clare, clarry, OF. claret, clarÚ, fr. cler, F. clair, clear, fr. L. clarus clear. See Clear.] The name first given in England to the red wines of MÚdoc, in France, and afterwards extended to all the red Bordeaux wines. The name is also given to similar wines made in the United States.

Clar`i*bel"la (?), n. [NL., from L. clarus clear + bellus fine.] (Mus.) A soft, sweet stop, or set of open wood pipes in an organ.

Clar"i*chord (?), n. [F. clatocorde, fr.L. clarus clear + chorda string. See Chord.] A musical instrument, formerly in use, in form of a spinet; -- called also manichord and clavichord.

Clar`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. clarification, L. clarificatio glorification.] 1. The act or process of making clear or transparent, by freeing visible impurities; as, the clarification of wine.

2. The act of freeing from obscurities.

The clarification of men's ideas. Whewell.

Clar"i*fi`er (?), n. 1. That which clarifies.

2. A vessel in which the process of clarification is conducted; as, the clarifier in sugar works. Ure.

Clar"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clarified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Clarifying.] [F. clarifier, from L. clarificare; clarus clear + facere to make. See Clear, and Fact.] 1. To make clear or bright by freeing from feculent matter; to defecate; to fine; -- said of liquids, as wine or sirup. "Boiled and clarified." Ure.

2. To make clear; to free from obscurities; to brighten or illuminate.

To clarify his reason, and to rectify his will. South.

3. To glorify. [Obs.]

Fadir, clarifie thi name. Wyclif (John ii. 28).

Clar"i*fy, v. i. 1. To grow or become clear or transparent; to become free from feculent impurities, as wine or other liquid under clarification.

2. To grow clear or bright; to clear up.

Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many thoughts, his wits and understanding do clarify and break up in the discoursing with another. Bacon.

Clar"i*gate (?), v. i. [L. clarigare] To declare war with certain ceremonies. [Obs.] Holland.

Clar"i*net` (?), n. [F. clarinette, dim. of clarine, from L. clarus. See Clear, and cf. Clarion.] (Mus.) A wind instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and fuller tone than the oboe, which has a double reed. It is the leading instrument in a military band. [Often improperly called clarionet.]

||Cla*ri"no (?), n. [It. a trumpet.] (Mus.) A reed stop in an organ.

Clar"i*on (?), n. [OE. clarioun, OF. clarion, F. clairon, LL. clario, claro; so called from its clear tone, fr. L. clarus clear. See Clear.] A kind of trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill.

He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of battle. E. Everett.

Clar`i*o*net" (?), n. [See Clarion, Clarinet.] (Mus.) See Clarinet.

Cla*ris"o*nus (?), a. [L. clarisonus; clarus + sonus.] Having a clear sound. [Obs.] Ash.

Clar"i*tude (?), n. [L. claritudo, fr. clarus clear.] Clearness; splendor. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Clar"i*ty (?), n. [L. claritas, fr. clarus clear: cf. F. clartÚ.] Clearness; brightness; splendor.

Floods, in whose more than crystal clarity, Innumerable virgin graces row. Beaumont.

Cla"ro-ob*scu"ro (?), n. See Chiaroscuro.

Clar`rÚ", n. [See Claret.] Wine with a mixture of honey and species. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Clart (?), v. t. [Cf. Armor. kalar mud, mire, kalara to dirt, Sw. lort mud.] To daub, smear, or spread, as with mud, etc. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Clart"y (?), a. Sticky and foul; muddy; filthy; dirty. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Clar"y (?), v. i. [Cf. Clarion.] To make a loud or shrill noise. [Obs.] Golding.

Cla"ry (?), n. [Cf. LL. sclarea, scarlea, D. & G. scharlei, F. sclarÚe.] (Bot.) A plant (Salvia sclarea) of the Sage family, used in flavoring soups.

Clary water, a composition of clary flowers with brandy, etc., formerly used as a cardiac.

Clash (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Clashing.] [Of imitative origin; cf. G. klatschen, Prov. G. kleschen, D. kletsen, Dan. klaske, E. clack.] 1. To make a noise by striking against something; to dash noisily together.

2. To meet in opposition; to act in a contrary direction; to come onto collision; to interfere.

However some of his interests might clash with those of the chief adjacent colony. Palfrey.

Clash, v. t. To strike noisily against or together.

Clash n. 1. A loud noise resulting from collision; a noisy collision of bodies; a collision.

The roll of cannon and clash of arms. Tennyson.

2. Opposition; contradiction; as between differing or contending interests, views, purposes, etc.

Clashes between popes and kings. Denham.

Clash"ing*ly, adv. With clashing.

Clasp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Clasping] [OE. claspen, clapsen, prob. akin to E. clap.] 1. To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a clasp; to shut or fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a clasp).

2. To inclose and hold in the hand or with the arms; to grasp; to embrace.

3. To surround and cling to; to entwine about. "Clasping ivy." Milton.

Clasp, n. 1. An adjustable catch, bent plate, or hook, for holding together two objects or the parts of anything, as the ends of a belt, the covers of a book, etc.

2. A close embrace; a throwing of the arms around; a grasping, as with the hand.

Clasp knife, a large knife, the blade of which folds or shuts into the handle. -- Clasp lock, a lock which closes or secures itself by means of a spring.

Clasp"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. "The claspers of vines." Derham.

2. (Zo÷l.) (a) One of a pair of organs used by the male for grasping the female among many of the Crustacea. (b) One of a pair of male copulatory organs, developed on the anterior side of the ventral fins of sharks and other elasmobranchs. See Illust. of ChimŠra.

Clasp"ered (?), a. Furnished with tendrils.

Class (kl&adot;s), n. [F. classe, fr. L. classis class, collection, fleet; akin to Gr. klh^sis a calling, kalei^n to call, E. claim, haul.] 1. A group of individuals ranked together as possessing common characteristics; as, the different classes of society; the educated class; the lower classes.

2. A number of students in a school or college, of the same standing, or pursuing the same studies.

3. A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate objects, grouped together on account of their common characteristics, in any classification in natural science, and subdivided into orders, families, tribes, genera, etc.

4. A set; a kind or description, species or variety.

She had lost one class energies. Macaulay.

5. (Methodist Church) One of the sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and which is under the supervision of a class leader.

Class of a curve (Math.), the kind of a curve as expressed by the number of tangents that can be drawn from any point to the curve. A circle is of the second class. -- Class meeting (Methodist Church), a meeting of a class under the charge of a class leader, for counsel and relegious instruction.

Class (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Classed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Classing.] [Cf. F. classer. See Class, n.] 1. To arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; as, to class words or passages.

&fist; In scientific arrangement, to classify is used instead of to class. Dana.

2. To divide into classes, as students; to form into, or place in, a class or classes.

Class, v. i. To grouped or classed.

The genus or famiky under which it classes. Tatham.

Class"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being classed.

{ Clas"sic (?), Clas"sic*al (?), } a. [L. classicus relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F. classique. See Class, n.] 1. Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art.

Give, as thy last memorial to the age, One classic drama, and reform the stage. Byron.

Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a classical author on this subject [Roman weights and coins]. Arbuthnot.

2. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, esp. to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds.

Though throned midst Latium's classic plains. Mrs. Hemans.

The epithet classical, as applied to ancient authors, is determined less by the purity of their style than by the period at which they wrote. Brande & C.

He [Atterbury] directed the classical studies of the undergraduates of his college. Macaulay.

3. Conforming to the best authority in literature and art; chaste; pure; refined; as, a classical style.

Classical, provincial, and national synods. Macaulay.

Classicals orders. (Arch.) See under Order.

Clas"sic, n. 1. A work of acknowledged excellence and authority, or its author; -- originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, but now applied to authors and works of a like character in any language.

In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English classic. Macaulay.

2. One learned in the literature of Greece and Rome, or a student of classical literature.

Clas"sic*al*ism (?), n. 1. A classical idiom, style, or expression; a classicism.

2. Adherence to what are supposed or assumed to be the classical canons of art.

Clas"sic*al*ist, n. One who adheres to what he thinks the classical canons of art. Ruskin.

{ Clas`si*cal"i*ty (?), Clas"sic*al*ness (?), } n. The quality of being classical.

Clas"sic*al*ly, adv. 1. In a classical manner; according to the manner of classical authors.

2. In the manner of classes; according to a regular order of classes or sets.

Clas"si*cism (?), n. A classic idiom or expression; a classicalism. C. Kingsley.

Clas"si*cist (?), n. One learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.

Clas"si*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being classified.

Clas*sif"ic (?), a. Characterizing a class or classes; relating to classification.

Clas`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. classification.] The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or affinities.

Artificial classification. (Science) See under Artifitial.

Clas"si*fi*ca`to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to classification; admitting of classification. "A classificatory system." Earle.

Clas"si*fi`er (?), n. One who classifies.

Clas"si*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & pp. Classified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Classifying.] [L. classis class + &?;] To distribute into classes; to arrange according to a system; to arrange in sets according to some method founded on common properties or characters.

Syn. -- To arrange; distribute; rank.

||Clas"sis (?), n.; pl. Classes (#). [L. See Class, n.] 1. A class or order; sort; kind. [Obs.]

His opinion of that classis of men. Clarendon.

2. (Eccl.) An ecclesiastical body or judicatory in certain churches, as the Reformed Dutch. It is intermediate between the consistory and the synod, and corresponds to the presbytery in the Presbyterian church.

Class"man (?), n.; pl. Classmen(#). 1. A member of a class; a classmate.

2. A candidate for graduation in arts who is placed in an honor class, as opposed to a passman, who is not classified. [Oxford, Eng.]

Class"mate` (?), n. One who is in the same class with another, as at school or college.

Clas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; br&?;, fr. &?; to break.] 1. Pertaining to what may be taken apart; as, clastic anatomy (of models).

2. (Min.) Fragmental; made up of brok&?; fragments; as, sandstone is a clastic rock.

Clath"rate (klăth"r&asl;t), a. [L. clathri lattice, Gr. klh,qra.] 1. (Bot.) Shaped like a lattice; cancellate. Gray.

2. (Zo÷l.) Having the surface marked with raised lines resembling a lattice, as many shells.

Clat"ter (klăt"t&etilde;r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clattered (- t&etilde;rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Clattering.] [AS. clatrung a rattle, akin to D. klateren to rattle. Cf. Clack.] 1. To make a rattling sound by striking hard bodies together; to make a succession of abrupt, rattling sounds.

Clattering loud with iron clank. Longfellow.

2. To talk fast and noisily; to rattle with the tongue.

I see thou dost but clatter. Spenser.

Clat"ter, v. t. To make a rattling noise with.

You clatter still your brazen kettle. Swift.

Clat"ter, n. 1. A rattling noise, esp. that made by the collision of hard bodies; also, any loud, abrupt sound; a repetition of abrupt sounds.

The goose let fall a golden egg With cackle and with clatter. Tennyson.

2. Commotion; disturbance. "Those mighty feats which made such a clatter in story." Barrow.

3. Rapid, noisy talk; babble; chatter. "Hold still thy clatter." Towneley Myst. (15 th Cent. ).

Throw by your clatter And handle the matter. B. Jonson

Clat"ter*er (?), n. One who clatters.

Clat"ter*ing*ly, adv. With clattering.

Claude" Lor*raine" glass` (?). [Its name is supposed to be derived from the similarity of the effects it gives to those of a picture by Claude Lorrain (often written Lorraine).] A slightly convex mirror, commonly of black glass, used as a toy for viewing the reflected landscape.

Clau"dent (?), a. [L. claudens, p. pr. of claudere to shut.] Shutting; confining; drawing together; as, a claudent muscle. [R.] Jonson

Clau"di*cant (?), a. [L. claudicans, p. pr. of claudicare to limp, fr. claudus lame.] Limping. [R.]

Clau`di*ca"tion (?), n. [L. claudicatio.] A halting or limping. [R.] Tatler.

Clause (?), n. [F. clause, LL. clausa, equiv. to L. clausula clause, prop., close of &?; rhetorical period, close, fr. claudere to shut, to end. See Close.] 1. A separate portion of a written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an article, stipulation, or proviso, in a legal document.

The usual attestation clause to a will. Bouvier.

2. (Gram.) A subordinate portion or a subdivision of a sentence containing a subject and its predicate.

Clause, n. [Obs.] See Letters clause or close, under Letter.

Claus"tral (?), a. [F., fr. LL. claustralis, fr. L. claustrum. See Cloister.] Cloistral. Ayliffe

||Claus"trum (?), n.; pl. Claustra. [L., a bolt or bar.] (Anat.) A thin lamina of gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere of the brain of man. -- Claus"tral, a.

Clau"su*lar (?; 135), a. [From L. clausula. See Clause, n.] Consisting of, or having, clauses. Smart.

Clau"sure (?; 135), n. [L. clausura. See Closure.] The act of shutting up or confining; confinement. [R.] Geddes.

{ Cla"vate (?), Cla"va*ted (?), } a. [L. clava club.] (Bot. & Zo÷l.) Club-shaped; having the form of a club; growing gradually thicker toward the top. [See Illust. of Antennae.]

Clave (?), imp. of Cleave. [Obs.]

Clav"e*cin (?), n. [F.] The harpsichord.

Cla"vel (?), n. See Clevis.

Clav"el*late (?), a. See Clavate.

Clav"el*la`ted (?), a. [Cf. LL. cineres clavelatti ashes of burnt lees or dregs of wine, F. clavel an inferior sort of soda, E. clavate.] (Old Chem.) Said of potash, probably in reference to its having been obtained from billets of wood by burning. [Obs.]

Clav"er (?), n. [Obs.] See Clover. Holland.

Clav"er, n. Frivolous or nonsensical talk; prattle; chattering. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

Emmy found herself entirely at a loss in the midst of their clavers. Thackeray.

Clav"i*chord (?), n. [F. clavicorde, fr. L. clavis key + chorda string.] (Mus.) A keyed stringed instrument, now superseded by the pianoforte. See Clarichord.

Clav"i*cle (?), n. [F. clavicule, fr. L. clavicula a little key, tendril, dim. of clavis key, akin to claudere to shut. See Close, and cf. Clef.] (Anat.) The collar bone, which is joined at one end to the scapula, or shoulder blade, and at the other to the sternum, or breastbone. In man each clavicle is shaped like the letter &?;, and is situated just above the first rib on either side of the neck. In birds the two clavicles are united ventrally, forming the merrythought, or wishbone.

Clav"i*corn (?), a. [Cf. F. clavicorne.] (Zo÷l.) Having club-shaped antennŠ. See AntennŠ -- n. One of the Clavicornes.

||Clav`i*cor"nes (?), n. pl. [NL.; Fr. L. clava club + cornu horn.] (Zo÷l.) A group of beetles having club-shaped antennŠ.

Cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. claviculaire. See Clavicle.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the clavicle.