Chapter 40

1. A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and fall or a fall and a rise on the same a syllable. Walker.

2. A character, or accent, denoting in Greek a rise and of the voice on the same long syllable, marked thus [~ or &?;]; and in Latin and some other languages, denoting a long and contracted syllable, marked [&?; or ^]. See Accent, n., 2.

Cir"cum*flex, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumflexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circumflexing (?).] To mark or pronounce with a circumflex. Walker.

Cir"cum*flex, a. [Cf. L. circumflexus, p. p.]

1. Moving or turning round; circuitous. [R.] Swift.

2. (Anat.) Curved circularly; -- applied to several arteries of the hip and thigh, to arteries, veins, and a nerve of the shoulder, and to other parts.

Cir`cum*flex"ion (?), n. 1. The act of bending, or causing to assume a curved form.

2. A winding about; a turning; a circuity; a fold.

Cir*cum"flu*ence (?), n. A flowing round on all sides; an inclosing with a fluid.

{ Cir*cum"flu*ent (?), Cir*cum"flu*ous (?), } a. [L. circumfluere, p. pr. of circumfluere; circum + fluere to flow; also L. circumfluus.] Flowing round; surrounding in the manner of a fluid. "The deep, circumfluent waves." Pope.

{ Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*an (?), Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*ous (?), } a. [L. circumforaneus found in markets; circum + forum a market place.] Going about or abroad; walking or wandering from house to house. Addison.

Cir`cum*ful"gent (?), a. [Pref. circum- + fulgent.] Shining around or about.

Cir`cum*fuse" (?), v. t. [L. circumfusus, p. p. of circumfundere to pour around; circum + fundere to pour.] To pour round; to spread round.

His army circumfused on either wing. Milton.

Cir`cum*fu"sile (?), a. [Pref. circum- + L. fusilis fusil, a.] Capable of being poured or spread round. "Circumfusile gold." Pope.

Cir`cum*fu"sion (?), n. [L. circumfusio.] The act of pouring or spreading round; the state of being spread round. Swift.

Cir`cum*ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L. circumgestare to carry around; circum + gestare to carry.] The act or process of carrying about. [Obs.]

Circumgestation of the eucharist to be adored. Jer. Taylor.

Cir`cum*gy"rate (?), v. t. & i. [Pref. circum- + gyrate.] To roll or turn round; to cause to perform a rotary or circular motion. Ray.

Cir`cum*gy*ra"tion (?), n. The act of turning, rolling, or whirling round.

A certain turbulent and irregular circumgyration. Holland.

Cir`cum*gy"ra*to*ry (?), a. Moving in a circle; turning round. Hawthorne.

Cir`cum*gyre" (?), v. i. To circumgyrate. [Obs.]

Cir`cum*in*ces"sion (?), n. [Pref. circum- + L. incedere, incessum, to walk.] (Theol.) The reciprocal existence in each other of the three persons of the Trinity.

Cir`cum*ja"cence (?), n. Condition of being circumjacent, or of bordering on every side.

Cir`cum*ja"cent (?), a. [L. circumjacens, p. pr. of circumjacere; circum + jacēre to lie.] Lying round; bordering on every side. T. Fuller.

Cir`cum*jo"vi*al (?), n. [Pref. circum- + L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, Jove.] One of the moons or satellites of the planet Jupiter. [Obs.] Derham.

Cir`cum*lit"to*ral (?), a. [Pref. circum- + L. littus, littoris, shore; preferable form, litus, litoris.] Adjointing the shore.

Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion (?), n. [L. circumlocutio, fr. circumloqui, -locutus, to make use of circumlocution; circum + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] The use of many words to express an idea that might be expressed by few; indirect or roundabout language; a periphrase.

the plain Billingsgate way of calling names . . . would save abundance of time lost by circumlocution. Swift.

Circumlocution office, a term of ridicule for a governmental office where business is delayed by passing through the hands of different officials.

Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion*al (?), a. Relating to, or consisting of, circumlocutions; periphrastic; circuitous.

Cir`cum*loc"u*to*ry (?), a. Characterised by circumlocution; periphrastic. Shenstone.

The officials set to work in regular circumlocutory order. Chambers's Journal.

Cir`cum*me*rid"i*an (?), a. [Pref. circum- + meridian.] About, or near, the meridian.

Cir`cum*mure" (?), v. t. [Pref. circum- + mure, v. t.] To encompass with a wall. Shak.

Cir`cum*nav"i*ga*ble (?), a. Capable of being sailed round. Ray.

Cir`cum*nav"i*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumnavigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circumnavigating (?).] [L. circumnavigatus, p. p. of circumnavigare to sail round; circum + navigare to navigate.] To sail completely round.

Having circumnavigated the whole earth. T. Fuller.

Cir`cum*nav`i*ga"tion (?), n. The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round. Arbuthnot.

Cir`cum*nav"iga`tor (?), n. One who sails round. W. Guthrie.

Cir`cum*nu"tate (?), v. i. [Pref. circum- + nutate.] To pass through the stages of circumnutation.

Cir`cum*nu*ta"tion (?), n. (Bot.) The successive bowing or bending in different directions of the growing tip of the stems of many plants, especially seen in climbing plants.

Cir`cum*po"lar (?), a. [Pref. circum- + polar.] About the pole; -- applied to stars that revolve around the pole without setting; as, circumpolar stars.

Cir`cum*po*si"tion (?), n. [L. circumpositio, fr. circumponere, - positium, to place around.] The act of placing in a circle, or round about, or the state of being so placed. Evelyn.

{ Cir`cum*ro"tary (?), Cir`cum*ro"ta*to*ry (?), } a. [Pref. circum- + rotary, rotatory.] turning, rolling, or whirling round.

Cir`cum*ro"tate (?), v. t. & i. [L. circumrotare; circum + rotare to turn round.] To rotate about. [R.]

Cir`cum*ro*ta"tion (?), n. The act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution; the state of being whirled round. J. Gregory.

Cir`cum*scis"sile (?), a. [Pref. circum- + scissle.] (Bot.) Dehiscing or opening by a transverse fissure extending around (a capsule or pod). See Illust. of Pyxidium.

Cir`cum*scrib"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being circumscribed.

Cir`cum*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circumscribing.] [L. circumscribere, -scriptum; circum + scribere to write, draw. See Soribe.]

1. to write or engrave around. [R.]

Thereon is circumscribed this epitaph. Ashmole.

2. To inclose within a certain limit; to hem in; to surround; to bound; to confine; to restrain.

To circumscribe royal power. Bancroft.

3. (Geom.) To draw a line around so as to touch at certain points without cutting. See Inscribe, 5.

Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrict; confine; abridge; restrain; environ; encircle; inclose; encompass.

Cir`cum*scrib"er (?), n. One who, or that which, circumscribes.

Cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. Capable of being circumscribed or limited by bounds.

Cir`cum*scrip"tion (?), n. [L. circumscriptio. See Circumscribe.] 1. An inscription written around anything. [R.] Ashmole.

2. The exterior line which determines the form or magnitude of a body; outline; periphery. Ray.

3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited, by conditions or restraints; bound; confinement; limit.

The circumscriptions of terrestrial nature. Johnson.

I would not my unhoused, free condition Put into circumscription and confine. Shak.

Cir`cum*scrip"tive (?), a. Circumscribing or tending to circumscribe; marcing the limits or form of.

Cir`cum*scrip"tive*ly, adv. In a limited manner.

Cir"cum*script`ly (?), adv. In a literal, limited, or narrow manner. [R.] Milton.

Cir"cum*spect (?), a. [L. circumspectus, p. p. of circumspicere to look about one's self, to observe; circum + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy.] Attentive to all the circumstances of a case or the probable consequences of an action; cautious; prudent; wary.

Syn. -- See Cautious.

Cir`cum*spec"tion (?), n. [L. circumspectio.] Attention to all the facts and circumstances of a case; caution; watchfulness.

With silent circumspection, unespied. Milton.

Syn. -- Caution; prudence; watchfulness; deliberation; thoughtfulness; wariness; forecast.

Cir`cum*spec"tive (s&etilde;r`kŭm*sp&ebreve;k"t&ibreve;v), a. Looking around every way; cautious; careful of consequences; watchful of danger. "Circumspective eyes." Pope.

Cir`cum*spec"tive*ly, adv. Circumspectly.

Cir"cum*spect"ly (-sp&ebreve;kt"l>ycr/), adv. In a circumspect manner; cautiously; warily.

Cir"cum*spect"ness, n. Vigilance in guarding against evil from every quarter; caution.

[Travel] forces circumspectness on those abroad, who at home are nursed in security. Sir H. Wotton.

Cir"cum*stance (?), n. [L. circumstantia, fr. circumstans, -antis, p. pr. of circumstare to stand around; circum + stare to stand. See Stand.] 1. That which attends, or relates to, or in some way affects, a fact or event; an attendant thing or state of things.

The circumstances are well known in the country where they happened. W. Irving.

2. An event; a fact; a particular incident.

The sculptor had in his thoughts the conqueror weeping for new worlds, or the like circumstances in history. Addison.

3. Circumlocution; detail. [Obs.]

So without more circumstance at all I hold it fit that we shake hands and part. Shak.

4. pl. Condition in regard to worldly estate; state of property; situation; surroundings.

When men are easy in their circumstances, they are naturally enemies to innovations. Addison.

Not a circumstance, of no account. [Colloq.] -- Under the circumstances, taking all things into consideration.

Syn. -- Event; occurrence; incident; situation; condition; position; fact; detail; item. See Event.

Cir"cum*stance, v. t. To place in a particular situation; to supply relative incidents.

The poet took the matters of fact as they came down to him and circumstanced them, after his own manner. Addison.

Cir"cum*stanced (?), p. a. 1. Placed in a particular position or condition; situated.

The proposition is, that two bodies so circumstanced will balance each other. Whewell.

2. Governed by events or circumstances. [Poetic & R.] "I must be circumstanced." Shak.

Cir"cum*stant (?), a. [L. circumstans. See Circumstance.] Standing or placed around; surrounding. [R.] "Circumstant bodies." Sir K. Digby.

Cir`cum*stan"tia*ble (?), a. Capable of being circumstantiated. [Obs.] Jer Taylor.

Cir`cum*stan"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. circonstanciel.]

1. Consisting in, or pertaining to, circumstances or particular incidents.

The usual character of human testimony is substantial truth under circumstantial variety. Paley.

2. Incidental; relating to, but not essential.

We must therefore distinguish between the essentials in religious worship . . . and what is merely circumstantial. Sharp.

3. Abounding with circumstances; detailing or exhibiting all the circumstances; minute; particular.

Tedious and circumstantial recitals. Prior.

Circumstantial evidence (Law), evidence obtained from circumstances, which necessarily or usually attend facts of a particular nature, from which arises presumption. According to some authorities circumstantial is distinguished from positive evidence in that the latter is the testimony of eyewitnesses to a fact or the admission of a party; but the prevalent opinion now is that all such testimony is dependent on circumstances for its support. All testimony is more or less circumstantial. Wharton.

Syn. -- See Minute.

Cir`cum*stan"tial, n. Something incidental to the main subject, but of less importance; opposed to an essential; -- generally in the plural; as, the circumstantials of religion. Addison.

Cir`cum*stan`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The state, characteristic, or quality of being circumstantial; particularity or minuteness of detail. "I will endeavor to describe with sufficient circumstantiality." De Quincey.

Cir`cum*stan"tial*ly (?), adv. 1. In respect to circumstances; not essentially; accidentally.

Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are only circumstantially different. Glanvill.

2. In every circumstance or particular; minutely.

To set down somewhat circumstantially, not only the events, but the manner of my trials. Boyle.

Cir`cum*stan"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumstantiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circumstantiating (?).] [See Circumstantiating (&?;).]

1. To place in particular circumstances; to invest with particular accidents or adjuncts. [R.]

If the act were otherwise circumstantiated, it might will that freely which now it wills reluctantly. Bramhall.

2. To prove or confirm by circumstances; to enter into details concerning.

Neither will time permint to circumstantiate these particulars, which I have only touched in the general. State Trials (1661).

Cir`cum*ter*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. circum- + L. terra earth.] Being or dwelling around the earth. "Circumterraneous demouns." H. Hallywell.

Cir`cum*un"du*late (?), v. t. [Pref. circum- + undulate.] To flow round, as waves. [R.]

Cir`cum*val"late (?), v. t. [L. circumvallatus, p. p. of circumvallare to surround with a wall; circum + vallare to wall, fr. vallum rampart.] To surround with a rampart or wall. Johnson.

Cir`cum*val"late (?), a. 1. Surrounded with a wall; inclosed with a rampart.

2. (Anat.) Surrounded by a ridge or elevation; as, the circumvallate papillŠ, near the base of the tongue.

Cir`cum*val*la"tion (?), n. (Mil.) (a) The act of surrounding with a wall or rampart. (b) A line of field works made around a besieged place and the besieging army, to protect the camp of the besiegers against the attack of an enemy from without.

Cir`cum*vec"tion (?), n. [L. circumvectio; circum + vehere to carry.] The act of carrying anything around, or the state of being so carried.

Cir`cum*vent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumvented; p. pr. vb. n. Circumventing.] [L. circumventis, p. p. of circumvenire, to come around, encompass, deceive; circum + venire to come, akin to E. come.] To gain advantage over by arts, stratagem, or deception; to decieve; to delude; to get around.

I circumvented whom I could not gain. Dryden.

Cir`cum*ven"tion (?), n. [L. circumventio.] The act of prevailing over another by arts, address, or fraud; deception; fraud; imposture; delusion.

A school in which he learns sly circumvention. Cowper.

Cir`cum*vent"ive (?), a. Tending to circumvent; deceiving by artifices; deluding.

Cir`cum*vent"or (?), n. [L.] One who circumvents; one who gains his purpose by cunning.

Cir`cum*vest" (?), v. t. [L. circumvestire; circum + vestire to clothe.] To cover round, as with a garment; to invest. [Obs.]

Circumvested with much prejudice. Sir H. Wotton.

Cir*cum"vo*lant (?), a. [L. circumvolans, p. pr. See Circumvolation.] Flying around.

The circumvolant troubles of humanity. G. Macdonald.

Cir`cum*vo*la"tion (?), n. [L. circumvolate. -volatum, to fly around; circum + volare to fly.] The act of flying round. [R.]

Cir`cum*vo*lu"tion (?), n. [See Circumvolve.]

1. The act of rolling round; the state of being rolled.

2. A thing rolled round another. Arbuthnot.

3. A roundabout procedure; a circumlocution.

He had neither time nor temper for sentimental circumvolutions. Beaconsfield.

Cir`cum*volve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumvolved (?); p. pr. vb. n. Circumvolving.] [L. circumvolvere, -volutum; circum + volvere to roll.] To roll round; to cause to revolve; to put into a circular motion. Herrick.

Cir`cum*volve", v. i. To roll round; to revolve.

Cir"cus (?), n.; pl. Circuses (#). [L. circus circle, ring, circus (in sense 1). See Circle, and cf. Cirque.]

1. (Roman Antiq.) A level oblong space surrounded on three sides by seats of wood, earth, or stone, rising in tiers one above another, and divided lengthwise through the middle by a barrier around which the track or course was laid out. It was used for chariot races, games, and public shows.

&fist; The Circus Maximus at Rome could contain more than 100,000 spectators. Harpers' Latin Dict.

2. A circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of horsemanship, acrobatic displays, etc. Also, the company of performers, with their equipage.

3. Circuit; space; inclosure. [R.]

The narrow circus of my dungeon wall. Byron.

Cirl" bun`ting (?). [Cf. It. cirlo.] (Zo÷l.) A European bunting (Emberiza cirlus).

Cirque (?), n. [F., fr. L. circus.]

1. A circle; a circus; a circular erection or arrangement of objects.

A dismal cirque Of Druid stones upon a forlorn moor. Keats.

2. A kind of circular valley in the side of a mountain, walled around by precipices of great height.

Cir"rate (?), a. [L. cirratus having ringlets, fr. cirrus a curl.] (Zo÷l.) Having cirri along the margin of a part or organ.

Cir*rhif"er*ous (?), a. See Cirriferous.

Cir"rhose (?), a. Same as Cirrose.

||Cir*rho"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; orange-colored: cf. F. cirrhose. So called from the yellowish appearance which the diseased liver often presents when cut.] (Med.) A disease of the liver in which it usually becomes smaller in size and more dense and fibrous in consistence; hence sometimes applied to similar changes in other organs, caused by increase in the fibrous framework and decrease in the proper substance of the organ.

Cir*rhot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; as, cirrhotic degeneration; a cirrhotic liver.

Cir"rhous (?), a. See Cirrose.

Cir"rhus (?), n. Same as Cirrus.

||Cir"ri (?), n. pl. See Cirrus.

Cir*rif"er*ous (?), a. [Cirrus + -ferous.] Bearing cirri, as many plants and animals.

Cir"ri*form (?), a. [Cirrus + -form.] (Biol.) Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- said of appendages of both animals and plants.

Cir*rig"er*ous (?), a. [Cirrus + -gerous.] (Biol.) Having curled locks of hair; supporting cirri, or hairlike appendages.

Cir"ri*grade (?), a. [Cirrus + L. gradi to walk.] (Biol.) Moving or moved by cirri, or hairlike appendages.

Cir"ri*ped (?), n. (Zo÷l.) One of the Cirripedia.

||Cir`ri*pe"di*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. cirrus curl + pes, pedis, foot.] (Zo÷l.) An order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult, they have a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening of the shell the animal throws out a group of curved legs, looking like a delicate curl, whence the name of the group. See Anatifa.

||Cir`ro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. cirrus + L. branchiae gills.] (Zo÷l.) A division of Mollusca having slender, cirriform appendages near the mouth; the Scaphopoda.

Cir`ro-cu"mu*lus (?), n. [Cirrus + cumulus.] (Meteor.) See under Cloud.

Cir"rose (?), a. [See Cirrus.] (Bot.) (a) Bearing a tendril or tendrils; as, a cirrose leaf. (b) Resembling a tendril or cirrus. [Spelt also cirrhose.]

||Cir`ros"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. cirrus + Gr. &?; mouth.] (Zo÷l.) The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so called from the cirri around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See Amphioxus.

Cir`ro-stra"tus (?), n. [Cirrus + stratus.] (Meteor.) See under Cloud.

Cir"rous (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Cirrose.

2. (Zo÷l.) Tufted; -- said of certain feathers of birds.

||Cir"rus (?), n.; pl. Cirri (#). [L., lock, curl, ringlet.] [Also written cirrhus.]

1. (Bot.) A tendril or clasper.

2. (Zo÷l.) (a) A soft tactile appendage of the mantle of many Mollusca, and of the parapodia of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are Tentacular cirri; those of the last segment are caudal cirri. (b) The jointed, leglike organs of Cirripedia. See Annelida, and PolychŠta.

&fist; In some of the inferior animals the cirri aid in locomotion; in others they are used in feeding; in the Annelida they are mostly organs of touch. Some cirri are branchial in function.

3. (Zo÷l.) The external male organ of trematodes and some other worms, and of certain Mollusca.

4. (Meteor.) See under Cloud.

Cir"so*cele (?), n. [Gr. &?; a dilated vein + &?; tumor.] (Med.) The varicose dilatation of the spermatic vein.

Cir"soid (?), a. [Gr. &?; a dilated vein + -oid.] (Med.) Varicose.

Cirsoid aneurism, a disease of an artery in which it becomes dilated and elongated, like a varicose vein.

Cir*sot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; a dilated vein + &?; to cut.] (Surg.) Any operation for the removal of varices by incision. Dunglison.

Cis- (?). A Latin preposition, sometimes used as a prefix in English words, and signifying on this side.

Cis*al"pine (?), a. [L. Cisalpinus; cis on this side + Alpinus Alpine.] On the hither side of the Alps with reference to Rome, that is, on the south side of the Alps; -- opposed to transalpine.

Cis`at*lan"tic (?), a. [Pref. cis- + Atlantic.] On this side of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or the western side, according to the standpoint of the writer. Story.

Cis"co (?), n. (Zo÷l.) The Lake herring (Coregonus Artedi), valuable food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also applied to C. Hoyi, a related species of Lake Michigan.

||Ci`se*lure" (?), n. [F.] The process of chasing on metals; also, the work thus chased. Weale.

Cis*lei"than (?), a. [Pref. cis- + Leitha.] On the Austrian side of the river Leitha; Austrian.

Cis*mon"tane (?), a. [Pref. cis- + L. mons mountain.] On this side of the mountains. See under Ultramontane.

Cis"pa*dane` (?), a. [Pref. cis- + L. Padanus, pert. to the Padus or Po.] On the hither side of the river Po with reference to Rome; that is, on the south side.

Cis"soid (?), n. [Gr. &?; like ivy; &?; ivy + &?; form.] (Geom.) A curve invented by Diocles, for the purpose of solving two celebrated problems of the higher geometry; viz., to trisect a plane angle, and to construct two geometrical means between two given straight lines.

Cist (?), n. [L. cista box, chest, Gr. &?; Cf. Chest.]

1. (Antiq.) A box or chest. Specifically: (a) A bronze receptacle, round or oval, frequently decorated with engravings on the sides and cover, and with feet, handles, etc., of decorative castings. (b) A cinerary urn. See Illustration in Appendix.

2. See Cyst.

Cist"ed, a. Inclosed in a cyst. See Cysted.

Cis*ter"cian (?), n. [LL. Cistercium. F. Cţteaux, a convent not far from Dijon, in France: cf. F. cistercien.] (Eccl.) A monk of the prolific branch of the Benedictine Order, established in 1098 at Cţteaux, in France, by Robert, abbot of Molesme. For two hundred years the Cistercians followed the rule of St. Benedict in all its rigor. -- a. Of or pertaining to the Cistercians.

Cis"tern (?), n. [OE. cisterne, OF. cisterne, F. cisterne, fr. L. cisterna, fr. cista box, chest. See Cist, and cf. chest.] 1. An artificial reservoir or tank for holding water, beer, or other liquids.

2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water. "The wide cisterns of the lakes." Blackmore.

Cist"ic (?), a. See Cystic.

Cit (&?;), n. [Contr. fr. citizen.] A citizen; an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; -- used contemptuously. "Insulted as a cit". Johnson

Which past endurance sting the tender cit. Emerson.

Cit"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being cited.

Cit"a*del (?), n. [F. citadelle, It. citadella, di&?;. of citt&?; city, fr. L. civitas. See City.] A fortress in or near a fortified city, commanding the city and fortifications, and intended as a final point of defense.

Syn. -- Stronghold. See Fortress.

Cit"al (?), n. [From Cite] 1. Summons to appear, as before a judge. [R.] Johnson

2. Citation; quotation [R.] Johnson.

Ci*ta"tion (?), n. [F. citation, LL. citatio, fr.L. citare to cite. See Cite] 1. An official summons or notice given to a person to appear; the paper containing such summons or notice.

2. The act of citing a passage from a book, or from another person, in his own words; also, the passage or words quoted; quotation.

This horse load of citations and fathers. Milton.

3. Enumeration; mention; as, a citation of facts.

4. (Law) A reference to decided cases, or books of authority, to prove a point in law.

Ci*ta"tor (?), n. One who cites. [R]

Ci"ta*to*ry (?), a. [LL. citatirius.] Having the power or form of a citation; as, letters citatory.

Cite (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cited; p. pr. & vb. n. Citing] [F. citer, fr. L. citare, intens. of cire, ciēre, to put in motion, to excite; akin to Gr.&?; to go, Skr. &?; to sharpen.] 1. To call upon officially or authoritatively to appear, as before a court; to summon.