Chapter 38

Like graves in the holy churchyard. Shak.

Syn. -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis; cemetery; God's acre.

Churl (?), n. [AS. ceorl a freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin to D. karel, kerel, G. kerl, Dan. & Sw. karl, Icel. karl, and to the E. proper name Charles (orig., man, male), and perh. to Skr. jāra lover. Cf. Carl, Charles's Wain.] 1. A rustic; a countryman or laborer. "A peasant or churl." Spenser.

Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth Bow to the stalwart churls in overalls. Emerson.

2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor.

A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood. Sir P. Sidney.

3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a niggard.

Like to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf. Drayton.

Churl, a. Churlish; rough; selfish. [Obs.] Ford.

Churl"ish, a. 1. Like a churl; rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal; niggardly. "Churlish benefits." Ld. Burleigh.

Half mankind maintain a churlish strife. Cowper.

2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not easily wrought; as, a churlish soil; the churlish and intractable nature of some minerals. Boyle.

Churl"ish*ly, adv. In a churlish manner.

Churl"ish*ness, n. Rudeness of manners or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.

Churl"y (?), a. Rude; churlish; violent. Longfellow.

{ Churme (?), Chirm (?) }, n. [See Chirm.] Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing. [Obs.]

The churme of a thousand taunts and reproaches. Bacon.

Churn (chűrn), n. [OE. chirne, cherne, AS. ceren, cyrin; akin to D. karn, Dan. kierne. See Churn, v. t.] A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in order to separate the oily globules from the other parts, and obtain butter.

Churn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Churned (chűrnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Churning.] [OE. chernen, AS. cernan; akin to LG. karnen, G. kernen, D. karnen, Dan. kierne, Sw. kńrna, and also to E. corn, kernel, the meaning coming from the idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See Kernel.] 1. To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make butter.

2. To shake or agitate with violence.

Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose. Addison.

Churn, v. i. To perform the operation of churning.

Churn"ing, n. 1. The act of one who churns.

2. The quantity of butter made at one operation.

||Chur"rus (?), n. [Hind. charas.] A powerfully narcotic and intoxicating gum resin which exudes from the flower heads, seeds, etc., of Indian hemp.

Churr"worm` (?), n. [AS. cyrran, cerran, to turn.] (Zo÷l.) An insect that turns about nimbly; the mole cricket; -- called also fan cricket. Johnson.

Chuse (?), v. t. See Choose. [Obs.]

Chute (?), n. [F. chute, prop. a fall.] 1. A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel.

2. See Shoot.

{ Chut"ney (?), Chut"nee (?), } n. [Hind. chatnī.] A warm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable substances, sweets, acids, etc.

Chy*la"ceous (?), a. (Physiol.) Possessed of the properties of chyle; consisting of chyle.

Chy*la"que*ous (?), a. [Chyle + aqueous.] (Zo÷l.) Consisting of chyle much diluted with water; -- said of a liquid which forms the circulating fluid of some inferior animals.

Chyle (?), n. [NL. chylus, Gr. &?; juice, chyle, fr. &?; to pour: cf. F. chyle; prob. akin to E. fuse to melt.] (Physiol.) A milky fluid containing the fatty matter of the food in a state of emulsion, or fine mechanical division; formed from chyme by the action of the intestinal juices. It is absorbed by the lacteals, and conveyed into the blood by the thoracic duct.

Chyl`i*fac"tion (?), n. [Chyle + L. facere to make.] (Physiol.) The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in animal bodies; chylification, -- a digestive process.

Chyl`i*fac"tive (?), a. (Physiol.) Producing, or converting into, chyle; having the power to form chyle.

Chy*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Chyle + -ferous: cf. F. chylifŔre.] (Physiol.) Transmitting or conveying chyle; as, chyliferous vessels.

Chy*lif"ic (?), a. Chylifactive.

Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The formation of chyle. See Chylifaction.

Chy*lif"i*ca*to*ry (? or ?), a. Chylifactive.

Chy"li*fy (?), v. t. & i. [Chyle + -ly.] (Physiol.) To make chyle of; to be converted into chyle.

Chy`lo*po*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. chylopoiei^n to make into juice, chylo`s juice, chyle + poiei^n to make.] (Physiol.) Concerned in the formation of chyle; as, the chylopoetic organs.

Chy"lous (?), a. [Cf. F. chyleux.] (Physiol.) Consisting of, or similar to, chyle.

||Chy*lu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. from Gr. &?; chyle + &?; urine.] (Med.) A morbid condition in which the urine contains chyle or fatty matter, giving it a milky appearance.

Chyme (?), n. [L. chymus chyle, Gr. &?; juice, like &?;, fr. &?; to pour: cf. F. chyme. See Chyle.] (Physiol.) The pulpy mass of semi-digested food in the small intestines just after its passage from the stomach. It is separated in the intestines into chyle and excrement. See Chyle.

{ Chym"ic (?), Chym"ist, Chym"is*try (?). } [Obs.] See Chemic, Chemist, Chemistry.

Chy*mif"er*ous (?), a. [Chyme + -ferous.] (Physiol.) Bearing or containing chyme.

Chym`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Chyme + L. facere to make: cf. F. Chymification.] (Physiol.) The conversion of food into chyme by the digestive action of gastric juice.

Chym"i*fy (?), v. t. [Chyme + -fy: cf. F. chymifier.] (Physiol.) To form into chyme.

Chy"mous (?), a. Of or pertaining to chyme.

Chy*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to pour + -meter.] (Chem.) An instrument for measuring liquids. It consists of a piston moving in a tube in which is contained the liquid, the quantity expelled being indicated by the graduation upon the piston rod.

Ci*ba"ri*ous (?), a. [L. cibaruus, fr. cibus food.] Pertaining to food; edible. Johnson.

Ci*ba"tion (?), n. [L. cibatio, fr. cibare to feed.] 1. The act of taking food.

2. (Alchemy) The process or operation of feeding the contents of the crucible with fresh material. B. Jonson.

Cib"ol (?), n. [F. ciboule, LL. cepula, cepola, dim. of L. cepa, caepa, caepe, an onion. Cf. Chibbal, Cives.] A perennial alliaceous plant (Allium fistulosum), sometimes called Welsh onion. Its fistular leaves areused in cookery.

||Ci*bo"ri*um (?), n.: pl. Ciboria (#). [LL., fr. L. ciborium a cup, fr. Gr. &?; a seed vessel of the Egyptian bean; also, a cup made from its largeleaves, or resembling its seed vessel in shape.] 1. (Arch.) A canopy usually standing free and supported on four columns, covering the high altar, or, very rarely, a secondary altar.

2. (R. C. Ch.) The coffer or case in which the host is kept; the pyx.

Ci*ca"da (s&ibreve;*kā"d&adot;), n.; pl. E. Cicadas (- d&adot;z), L. CicadŠ (-dē). [L.] (Zo÷l.) Any species of the genus Cicada. They are large hemipterous insects, with nearly transparent wings. The male makes a shrill sound by peculiar organs in the under side of the abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched membranes, acted upon by powerful muscles. A noted American species (C. septendecim) is called the seventeen year locust. Another common species is the dogday cicada.

||Ci*ca"la (ch&esl;*kń"l&adot;), n. [It., fr. L. cicada.] A cicada. See Cicada. "At eve a dry cicala sung." Tennison.

Cic"a*trice (?), n. [F., fr. L. cicatrix.] A cicatrix.

Cic`a*tri"cial (?), a. (Med.) Relating to, or having the character of, a cicatrix. Dunglison.

Cic"a*tri`cle (?), n. [Cf. F. cicatricule, fr. L. cicatricula a small scar, fr. cicatrix a scar.] (Biol.) The germinating point in the embryo of a seed; the point in the yolk of an egg at which development begins.

Cic"a*tri`sive (?), a. Tending to promote the formation of a cicatrix; good for healing of a wound.

||Ci*ca"trix (?), n.; pl. Cicatrices (#). [L.] (Med.) The pellicle which forms over a wound or breach of continuity and completes the process of healing in the latter, and which subsequently contracts and becomes white, forming the scar.

Cic"a*tri`zant (?), n. [Cf. F. cicatrisant, properly p. pr. of cicatriser.] (Med.) A medicine or application that promotes the healing of a sore or wound, or the formation of a cicatrix.

Cic`a*tri*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. cicatrisation.] (Med.) The process of forming a cicatrix, or the state of being cicatrized.

Cic"a*trize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cicatrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cicatrizing.] [Cf. F. cicatriser, fr. cicatrice, L. cicatrix, scar.] (Med.) To heal or induce the formation of a cicatrix in, as in wounded or ulcerated flesh. Wiseman.

Cic"a*trize, v. i. (Med.) To heal; to have a new skin.

Cic"a*trose` (?), a. Full of scars. Craig.

Cic"e*ly (?), n. [L. seselis, Gr. &?;, &?;; perh. ultimately of Egyptian origin.] (Bot.) Any one of several umbelliferous plants, of the genera Myrrhis, Osmorrhiza, etc.

Cic"e*ro (?), n. (Print.) Pica type; -- so called by French printers.

||Ci`ce*ro"ne (?), n.; pl. It. Ciceroni (#), E. Cicerones (#). [It., fr. L. Cicero, the Roman orator. So called from the ordinary talkativeness of such a guide.] One who shows strangers the curiosities of a place; a guide.

Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers about their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is termed by them [the Italians] a cicerone, or a Cicero. Trench.

Cic`e*ro"ni*an (?), a. [L. Ciceronianus, fr. Cicero, the orator.] Resembling Cicero in style or action; eloquent.

Cic`e*ro"ni*an*ism (?), n. Imitation of, or resemblance to, the style or action Cicero; a Ciceronian phrase or expression. "Great study in Ciceronianism, the chief abuse of Oxford." Sir P. Sidney.

Cich`o*ra"ceous (?), a. [See Chicory.] Belonging to, or resembling, a suborder of composite plants of which the chicory (Cichorium) is the type.

Cich"-pea` (?), n. The chick- pea. Holland.

Ci*cis"be*ism (?), n. The state or conduct of a cicisbeo.

||Ci`cis*be"o (?), n.; pl. It. Cicisbei (#). [It.]

1. A professed admirer of a married woman; a dangler about women.

2. A knot of silk or ribbon attached to a fan, walking stick, etc. [Obs.]

Cic"la*toun` (?), n. [Of. ciclaton.] A costly cloth, of uncertain material, used in the Middle Ages. [Obs.] [Written also checklaton, chekelatoun.]

His robe was of ciclatoun, That coste many a Jane. Chaucer.

Cic"u*rate (?), v. t. [L. cicurare to tame, fr. cicur tame.] To tame. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Cic`u*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. cicuration.] The act of taming. [Obs.] Ray.

||Ci*cu"ta (?), n. [L., the poison hemlock.] (Bot.) a genus of poisonous umbelliferous plants, of which the water hemlock or cowbane is best known.

&fist; The name cicuta is sometimes erroneously applied to Conium maculatum, or officinal hemlock.

Cic`u*tox"in (?), n. (Chem.) The active principle of the water hemlock (Cicuta) extracted as a poisonous gummy substance.

Cid (?), n. [Sp., fr. Ar. seid lord.]

1. Chief or commander; in Spanish literature, a title of Ruy Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianity and of the old Spanish royalty, in the 11th century.

2. An epic poem, which celebrates the exploits of the Spanish national hero, Ruy Diaz.

Ci"der (?), n. [F. cidre, OF. sidre, fr. L. sicera a kind of strong drink, Gr. &?;; of Oriental origin; cf. Heb. shākar to be intoxicated, shēkār strong drink.] The expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other purposes.

&fist; Cider was formerly used to signify the juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was not applied to wine.

Cider brandy, a kind of brandy distilled from cider. -- Cider mill, a mill in which cider is made. -- Cider press, the press of a cider mill.

Ci`der*ist, n. A maker of cider. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Ci"der*kin (?), n. [Cider + -kin.] A kind of weak cider made by steeping the refuse pomace in water.

Ciderkin is made for common drinking, and supplies the place of small beer. Mortimer.

||Ci`-de*vant" (?), a. [F., hitherto, formerly.] Former; previous; of times gone by; as, a ci-devant governor.

||Cierge (?), n. [F., fr. L. cera wax.] A wax candle used in religous rites.

Ci*gar" (s&ibreve;*gńr"), n. [Sp. cigarro, orig., a kind of tobacco in the island of Cuba: cf. F. cigare.] A small roll of tobacco, used for smoking.

Cigar fish (Zo÷l.), a fish (Decapterus punctatus), allied to the mackerel, found on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

Cig`a*rette" (?), n. [F. cigarette.] A little cigar; a little fine tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.

||Cil"i*a (?), n. pl. Cilium, the sing., is rarely used. [L. cilium eyelid.] 1. (Anat.) The eyelashes.

2. (Biol.) Small, generally microscopic, vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the air passages of the higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many larval forms, they are locomotive organs.

3. (Bot.) Hairlike processes, commonly marginal and forming a fringe like the eyelash.

4. (Zo÷l.) Small, vibratory, swimming organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of Ctenophora.

Cil"ia*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. ciliaire.]

1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the cilia, or eyelashes. Also applied to special parts of the eye itself; as, the ciliary processes of the choroid coat; the ciliary muscle, etc.

2. (Biol.) Pertaining to or connected with the cilia in animal or vegetable organisms; as, ciliary motion.

||Cil`i*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Cilia.] (Zo÷l.) One of the orders of Infusoria, characterized by having cilia. In some species the cilia cover the body generally, in others they form a band around the mouth.

{ Cil"i*ate (?), Cil"i*a`ted (?), } a. Provided with, or surrounded by, cilia; as, a ciliate leaf; endowed with vibratory motion; as, the ciliated epithelium of the windpipe.

Cil"ice (?), n. [F. See Cilicious.] A kind of haircloth undergarment. Southey.

Ci*li"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Cilicia in Asia Minor. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Cilicia.

Ci*li"cious (?), a. [L. cilicium a covering, orig. made of Cilician goat's hair, fr. Cilicious Cilician, fr. Cilicia, a province of Asia Minor.] Made, or consisting, of hair. [Obs.]

A Cilicious or sackcloth habit. Sir T. Browne.

{ Cil"i*form (?), Cil"i*i*form` (?), } a. [Cilium + -form] Having the form of cilia; very fine or slender.

Cil"i*o*grade (?), a. [Cilium + L. gradi to step: cf. F. ciliograde.] (Zo÷l.) Moving by means of cilia, or cilialike organs; as, the ciliograde MedusŠ.

||Cil"i*um (?), n. [L., eyelid.] See Cilia.

Cill (?), n. See Sill., n. a foundation.

||Cil*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. cilium eyelid.] (Med.) A spasmodic trembling of the upper eyelid.

Ci"ma (?), n. (Arch.) A kind of molding. See Cyma.

Ci*mar" (?), n. See Simar.

Cim"bal (?), n. [It. ciambella.] A kind of confectionery or cake. [Obs.] Nares.

Cim"bi*a (?), n. (Arch.) A fillet or band placed around the shaft of a column as if to strengthen it. [Written also cimia.]

Cim"bri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Cimbri. -- n. One of the Cimbri. See Cimbric.

Cim"bric (?), a. Pertaining to the Cimbri, an ancient tribe inhabiting Northern Germany. -- n. The language of the Cimbri.

Ci*me"li*arch (?), n. [L. cimeliarcha, Gr. &?;, treasurer.] A superintendent or keeper of a church's valuables; a churchwarden. [Obs.] Bailey.

Cim"e*ter (?), n. See Scimiter.

||Ci"mex (?), n.; pl. Cimices (#). [L., a bug.] (Zo÷l.) A genus of hemipterous insects of which the bedbug is the best known example. See Bedbug.

Cim"i*a (?), n. (Arch.) See Cimbia.

Ci"miss (?), n. [L. cimex, -icis, a bug.] (Zo÷l.) The bedbug. [Obs.] Wright.

Cim*me"ri*an (?), a. [L. Cimmerius.] [Written also Kimmerian.] 1. Pertaining to the Cimmerii, a fabulous people, said to have lived, in very ancient times, in profound and perpetual darkness.

2. Without any light; intensely dark.

In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell. Milton.

Cim"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) Cimolian earth, fr. &?;, L. Cimolus, an island of the Cyclades.] (Min.) A soft, earthy, clayey mineral, of whitish or grayish color.

Cinch (?), n. [Sp. cincha, fr. L. cingere to gird.]

1. A strong saddle girth, as of canvas. [West. U. S.]

2. A tight grip. [Colloq.]

Cin*cho"na (?), n. [So named from the wife of Count Chinchon, viceroy of Peru in the seventeenth century, who by its use was freed from an intermittent fever, and after her return to Spain, contributed to the general propagation of this remedy.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.

2. (Med.) The bark of any species of Cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.

Cin`cho*na"ceous (?), a. Allied or pertaining to cinchona, or to the plants that produce it.

Cin*chon"ic (?), a. Belonging to, or obtained from, cinchona. Mayne.

Cin*chon"i*dine (?), n. [From Cinchona.] (Chem.) One of the quinine group of alkaloids, found especially in red cinchona bark. It is a white crystalline substance, C19H22N2O, with a bitter taste and qualities similar to, but weaker than, quinine; -- sometimes called also cinchonidia.

Cin"cho*nine (?), n. [From Cinchona: cf. F. cinchonine.] (Chem.) One of the quinine group of alkaloids isomeric with and resembling cinchonidine; -- called also cinchonia.

Cin"cho*nism (?), n. [From Cinchona.] (Med.) A condition produced by the excessive or long-continued use of quinine, and marked by deafness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, etc.

Cin"cho*nize (?), v. t. To produce cinchonism in; to poison with quinine or with cinchona.

Cin`cin*na"ti ep"och (?). (Geol.) An epoch at the close of the American lower Silurian system. The rocks are well developed near Cincinnati, Ohio. The group includes the Hudson River and Lorraine shales of New York.

Cinc"ture (?), n. [L. cinctura, fr. cingere, cinctum, to gird.] 1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body, -- as by an ecclesiastic for confining the alb.

2. That which encompasses or incloses; an inclosure. "Within the cincture of one wall." Bacon.

3. (Arch.) The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column.

Cinc"tured (?), n. Having or wearing a cincture or girdle.

Cin"der (s&ibreve;n"d&etilde;r), n. [AS. sinder slag, dross; akin to Icel. sindr dross, Sw. sinder, G. sinter, D. sintel; perh. influenced by F. cendre ashes, fr. L. cinis. Cf. Sinter.] 1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other combustible, in which fire is extinct.

2. A hot coal without flame; an ember. Swift.

3. A scale thrown off in forging metal.

4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from a volcano.

Cinder frame, a framework of wire in front of the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders. -- Cinder notch (Metal.), the opening in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows out.

Cin"der*y (?), a. Resembling, or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.

Cin`e*fac"tion (?), n. [LL. cinefactio: L. cinis ashes + facere to make: cf. F. cinÚfaction.] Cineration; reduction to ashes. [Obs.]

{ Cin`e*mat"ic (?), Cin`e*mat"ic*al (?) }, a. See Kinematic.

Cin`e*mat"ics (?), n. sing. See Kinematics.

Cin`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. cineraceus, fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; ash- colored; cinereous.

||Cin`e*ra"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. LL. cinerarius pert. to ashes, fr. cinis ashes. So called from the ash-colored down on the leaves.] (Bot.) A LinnŠan genus of free-flowering composite plants, mostly from South Africa. Several species are cultivated for ornament.

Cin"er*a*ry (?), a. [L. cinerarius, fr. cinis ashes.] Pertaining to ashes; containing ashes.

Cinerary urns, vessels used by the ancients to preserve the ashes of the dead when burned.

Cin`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. cinis ashes: cf. F. cinÚration.] The reducing of anything to ashes by combustion; cinefaction.

Ci*ne"re*ous (?), a. [L. cinereus, fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; ash- colored; grayish.

Cin`er*es"cent (?), a. Somewhat cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of wood ashes.

Cin`er*i"tious (?), a. [L. cineritius, cinericius, fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; having the color of ashes, -- as the cortical substance of the brain.

Ci*ner"u*lent (?), a. Full of ashes. [Obs.]

Cin`ga*lese" (?), n. sing. & pl. [Cf. F. Cingalais.] A native or natives of Ceylon descended from its primitive inhabitants; also (sing.), the language of the Cingalese. -- a. Of or pertaining to the Cingalese. [Written also Singhalese.]

&fist; Ceylonese is applied to the inhabitants of the island in general.

Cin"gle (?), n. [L. cingula, cingulum, fr. cingere to gird.] A girth. [R.] See Surcingle.

||Cin"gu*lum (?), n. [L., a girdle.] (Zo÷l.) (a) A distinct girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain univalve shells. (b) The clitellus of earthworms. (c) The base of the crown of a tooth.

Cin"na*bar (?), n. [L. cinnabaris, Gr. &?;; prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Per. qinbār, Hind. shangarf.]

1. (Min.) Red sulphide of mercury, occurring in brilliant red crystals, and also in red or brown amorphous masses. It is used in medicine.

2. The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a pigment; vermilion.

Cinnabar GrŠcorum (&?;). [L. Graecorum, gen. pl., of the Greeks.] (Med.) Same as Dragon's blood. -- Green cinnabar, a green pigment consisting of the oxides of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire. -- Hepatic cinnabar (Min.), an impure cinnabar of a liver-brown color and submetallic luster.

Cin"na*ba*rine (?), a. [Cf. F. cinabarin.] Pertaining to, or resembling, cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; as, cinnabarine sand.

Cin"na*mene (?), n. [From Cinnamic.] (Chem.) Styrene (which was formerly called cinnamene because obtained from cinnamic acid). See Styrene.

Cin*nam"ic (?), a. [From Cinnamon.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, cinnamon.

Cinnamic acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, odorless substance. C6H5. C2H2C2H2.CO2H, formerly obtained from storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from certain benzene derivatives in large quantities, and used for the artificial production of indigo.

Cin`na*mom"ic (?), a. [L. cinnamomum cinnamon.] (Chem.) See Cinnamic.

Cin"na*mon (?), n. [Heb. qinnāmōn; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, cinnamomum, cinnamon. The Heb. word itself seems to have been borrowed from some other language; cf. Malay kājū mānis sweet wood.] (a) The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, a tree growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a moderately pungent taste, and is one of the best cordial, carminative, and restorative spices. (b) Cassia.

Cinnamon stone (Min.), a variety of garnet, of a cinnamon or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in jewelry. -- Oil of cinnamon, a colorless aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia, and consisting essentially of cinnamic aldehyde, C6H5.C2H2.CHO. - - Wild cinnamon. See Canella.

Cin"na*mone (?), n. [Cinnamic + -one.] A yellow crystalline substance, (C6H5. C2H2)2CO, the ketone of cinnamic acid.

Cin"na*myl (?), n. [Cinnamic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical, (C6H5. C2H2)2C, of cinnamic compounds. [Formerly written also cinnamule.]

Cin"no*line (?), n. [Cinnamic + quinoline.] A nitrogenous organic base, C8H6N2, analogous to quinoline, obtained from certain complex diazo compounds.

Cinque (?), n. [F. cinq, fr. L. quinque five. See Five.] Five; the number five in dice or cards.

||Cin`que*cen"to (?), n. & a. [It., five hundred, abbrev. for fifteen hundred. The Cinquecento style was so called because it arose after the year 1500.] The sixteenth century, when applied to Italian art or literature; as, the sculpture of the Cinquecento; Cinquecento style.