Chapter 37

Chro"mic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence.

Chromic acid, an acid, H2CrO4, analogous to sulphuric acid, not readily obtained in the free state, but forming well known salts, many of which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red, etc. -- Chromic anhydride, a brilliant red crystalline substance, CrO3, regarded as the anhydride of chromic acid. It is one of the most powerful oxidizers known.

Chro"mid (?), n. [Gr. &?; a kind of fish.] (Zo÷l.) One of the ChromidŠ, a family of fresh-water fishes abundant in the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some are valuable food fishes, as the bulti of the Nile.

||Chro`mi*dro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; color + &?; sweat.] (Med.) Secretion of abnormally colored perspiration.

Chro"mism (?), n. Same as Chromatism.

Chro"mite (?), n. 1. (Min.) A black submetallic mineral consisting of oxide of chromium and iron; -- called also chromic iron.

2. (Chem.) A compound or salt of chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid. [R.]

Chro"mi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; color.] (Chem.) A comparatively rare element occurring most abundantly in the mineral chromite. Atomic weight 52.5. Symbol Cr. When isolated it is a hard, brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief commercial importance is for its compounds, as potassium chromate, lead chromate, etc., which are brilliantly colored and are used dyeing and calico printing. Called also chrome.

Chro"mo (?), n.; pl. Chromos (#). [Abbrev. from chromolithograph.] A chromolithograph.

Chro"mo*blast (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + -blast.] An embryonic cell which develops into a pigment cell.

Chro"mo*gen (?), [Gr. &?; color + -gen.]

1. (Biol.) Vegetable coloring matter other than green; chromule.

2. (Chem.) Any colored compound, supposed to contain one or more chromophores.

Chro"mo*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Containing, or capable of forming, chromogen; as, chromogenic bacteria.

Chro"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + -graph.] An apparatus by which a number of copies of written matter, maps, plans, etc., can be made; -- called also hectograph.

Chro`mo*leu"cite (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + E. leucite.] (Bot.) A chromoplastid.

Chro`mo*lith"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + E. lithograph.] A picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impressions from a series of stones prepared by the lithographic process.

Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher (?), n. One who is engaged in chromolithography.

Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.

Chro"mo*li*thog"ra*phy (?), n. Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various colors.

Chro"mo*phane (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + &?; to show.] (Physiol.) A general name for the several coloring matters, red, green, yellow, etc., present in the inner segments in the cones of the retina, held in solution by fats, and slowly decolorized by light; distinct from the photochemical pigments of the rods of the retina.

Chro"mo*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + &?; to bear.] (Chem.) Any chemical group or residue (as NO2; N2; or O2) which imparts some decided color to the compound of which it is an ingredient.

Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + E. photography.] The art of producing photographs in colors.

Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph (?), n. A photolithograph printed in colors.

Chro`mo*plas"tid (?), n. [Gr. &?; + E. plastid.] (Bot.) A protoplasmic granule of some other color than green; -- also called chromoleucite.

Chro"mo*some` (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + &?; the body.] (Biol.) One of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved during mitotic cell division; the idant of Weismann.

Chro"mo*sphere (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + E. sphere.] (Astron.) An atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of incandescent hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere. Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into enormous tongues of flame.

Chro`mo*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the chromosphere.

Chro"mo*type (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + -type.] 1. A sheet printed in colors by any process, as a chromolithograph. See Chromolithograph.

2. A photographic picture in the natural colors.

Chro"mous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this element has a valence lower than that in chromic compounds.

Chromous acid, a bluish gray powder, CrO.OH, of weak acid properties and regard as an acid.

Chro"mule (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + &?; matter.] (Bot.) A general name for coloring matter of plants other than chlorophyll, especially that of petals.

Chron"ic (?), a. [L. chronicus, Gr. &?; concerning time, from &?; time: cf. F. chronique.] 1. Relating to time; according to time.

2. Continuing for a long time; lingering; habitual.

Chronic disease, one which is inveterate, of long continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinction from an acute disease, which speedly terminates.

Chron"ic*al (?), a. Chronic.

Partly on a chronical, and partly on a topical method. J. A. Alexander.

Chron"i*cle (?), n. [OE. cronicle, fr. cronique, OF. cronique, F. chronique, L. chronica, fr. Gr. &?;, neut. pl. of &?;. See Chronic.] 1. An historical register or account of facts or events disposed in the order of time.

2. A narrative of events; a history; a record.

3. pl. The two canonical books of the Old Testament in which immediately follow 2 Kings.

Syn. - Register; record; annals. See History.

Chron"i*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chronicled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chronicling (?).] To record in a history or chronicle; to record; to register. Shak.

Chron"i*cler (?), n. A writer of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; an historian.

Such an honest chronicler as Griffith. Shak.

||Chro`nique" (?), n. [F. See Chronicle.] A chronicle. L. Addison.

Chron"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; time + &?; writing, character: cf. F. chronogramme.] 1. An inscription in which certain numeral letters, made to appear specially conspicuous, on being added together, express a particular date or epoch, as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632: ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs. - the capitals of which give, when added as numerals, the sum 1632.

2. The record or inscription made by a chronograph.

{ Chron`o*gram*mat"ic (?), Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. chronogrammatique.] Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.

Chron`o*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A writer of chronograms.

Chron"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; time + -graph: cf. F. chronographe.] 1. An instrument for measuring or recording intervals of time, upon a revolving drum or strip of paper moved by clockwork. The action of the stylus or pen is controlled by electricity.

2. Same as Chronogram, 1. [R.]

3. A chronoscope.

Chro*nog"ra*pher (?), n. One who writes a chronography; a chronologer. Tooke.

Chron`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a chronograph.

Chro*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;. See Chronograph.] A description or record of past time; history. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Chro*nol"o*ger (?), n. Same as Chronologist.

{ Chron`o*log"ic (?), Chron`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;.] Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in the order of time; according to the order of time; as, chronological tables. Raleigh. -- Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

{ Chro*nol"o*gist (?), Chro*nol"o*ger (?) }, n. [Gr. &?;.] A person who investigates dates of events and transactions; one skilled in chronology.

That learned noise and dust of the chronologist is wholly to be avoided. Locke.

THe most exact chronologers tell us that Christ was born in October, and not in December. John Knox.

Chro*nol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Chronologies (#). [Gr. &?;; &?; time + &?; discourse: cf. F. chronologie.] The science which treats of measuring time by regular divisions or periods, and which assigns to events or transactions their proper dates.

If history without chronology is dark and confused, chronology without history is dry and insipid. A. Holmes.

Chro*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; time + -meter: cf. F. chronomŔtre.] 1. An instrument for measuring time; a timekeeper.

2. A portable timekeeper, with a heavy compensation balance, and usually beating half seconds; -- intended to keep time with great accuracy for use an astronomical observations, in determining longitude, etc.

3. (Mus.) A metronome.

Box chronometer. See under Box. -- Pocket chronometer, a chronometer in the form of a large watch. -- To rate a chronometer. See Rate, v. t.

{ Chron`o*met"ric (?), Chron`o*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. chronomÚtrique.] Pertaining to a chronometer; measured by a chronometer.

Chro*nom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. chronomÚtrie.] The art of measuring time; the measuring of time by periods or divisions.

Chron"o*pher (?), n. [Gr. &?; time + &?; to carry.] An instrument signaling the correct time to distant points by electricity.

Chron"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; time + -scope.] An instrument for measuring minute intervals of time; used in determining the velocity of projectiles, the duration of short-lived luminous phenomena, etc.

Chrys"a*lid (?), a. Pertaining to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.

Chrys"a*lid, n.; pl. Chrysalids. See Chrysalis.

Chrys"a*lis (?), n.; pl. Chrysalides (#). [L. chrysallis the gold-colored pupa of butterflies, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; gold. Cf. Aurelia.] (Zo÷l.) The pupa state of certain insects, esp. of butterflies, from which the perfect insect emerges. See Pupa, and Aurelia (a).

Chrys*an"i*line (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + E. anilene.] (Chem.) A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow color.

Chrys*an"the*mum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; chryso`s gold + &?; flower.] (Bot.) A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums (annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye daisy.

Chrys`a*ro"bin (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + araroba a foreign name of Goa powder + -in.] (Chem.) A bitter, yellow substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence formerly called also chrysphanic acid.

Chrys*au"rin (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + L. aurum gold. So called from its color.] An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial production.

Chrys`el*e*phan"tine (?), a. [Gr. chryso`s gold + &?; made of ivory, fr. &?; ivory, elephant.] Composed of, or adorned with, gold and ivory.

&fist; The chryselephantine statues of the Greeks were built up with inferior materials, veneered, as it were, with ivory for the flesh, and gold decorated with color for the hair and garments.

Chry"sene (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold.] (Chem.) One of the higher aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to naphthalene and anthracene. It is a white crystalline substance, C18H12, of strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by impurities.

Chrys"o*ber`yl (?), n. [L. chrysoberyllus, Gr. &?;; chryso`s gold + &?; beryl.] (Min.) A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow to green or brown color, and consisting of aluminia and glucina. It is very hard, and is often used as a gem.

Chrys"o*chlore (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + chlwro`s light green: cf. F. chrysochlore.] (Zo÷l.) A South African mole of the genus Chrysochloris; the golden mole, the fur of which reflects brilliant metallic hues of green and gold.

Chrys"o*col`la (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. chryso`kolla gold solder; chryso`s gold + &?; glue.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring massive, of a blue or greenish blue color.

Chrys"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + -gen.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance extracted from crude anthracene.

Chry*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; chryso`s gold + &?; to write.] 1. The art of writing in letters of gold.

2. A writing executed in letters of gold.

Chrys*o"´*dine (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + -oid + -ine.] (Chem.) An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye, C6H5N2.C6H3 (NH2)2. Also, one of a group of dyestuffs resembling chryso´dine proper.

Chrys"o*lite (?), n. [L. chrysolithos, Gr. &?;; chryso`s gold + &?; stone: cf. F. chrysolithe.] (Min.) A mineral, composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow to green color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; -- called also olivine and peridot. Sometimes used as a gem. The name was also early used for yellow varieties of tourmaline and topaz.

Chry*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + -logy.] That branch of political economy which relates to the production of wealth.

||Chrys*o"pa (?), n. [NL., from Gr. chryso`s gold + &?;, &?;, eye, face.] (Zo÷l.) A genus of neuropterous insects. See Lacewing.

Chrys"o*phane (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + &?; to show.] (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition.

Chrys`o*phan"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling, chrysophane.

Chrysophanic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance extracted from rhubarb, yellow dock, sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be a derivative of an anthracene. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases; -- called also rhein, rheic acid, rhubarbarin, etc.

Chrys"o*prase (?), n. [OE. crisopace, OF. crisoprace, F. chrysoprase, L. chrysoprasus, fr. Gr. &?;; chryso`s gold + &?; leek.] (Min.) An apple-green variety of chalcedony, colored by nickel. It has a dull flinty luster, and is sometimes used in jewelry.

||Chry*sop"ra*sus (?), n. [L.] See Chrysoprase. Rev. xxi. 20.

Chrys"o*sperm (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + &?; seed.] The seed of gold; a means of creating gold. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Chrys"o*type (?), n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + -type.] 1. A photographic picture taken upon paper prepared by the use of a sensitive salt of iron and developed by the application of chloride of gold. Abney.

2. 2process, invented by Sir J.Herschel.

Chthon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the earth.] Pertaining to the earth; earthy; as, chthonic religions.

[The] chthonic character of the wife of Zeus. Max MŘller.

{ ||Chthon`o*pha"gi*a (?), Chtho*noph"a*gy (?), } n. [NL. chthonophagia; Gr. &?;, &?;, earth + &?; to eat.] A disease characterized by an irresistible desire to eat earth, observed in some parts of the southern United States, the West Indies, etc.

Chub (?), n. [This word seems to signify a large or thick fish. Cf. Sw. kubb a short and thick piece of wood, and perh. F. chabot chub.] (Zo÷l.) A species to fresh-water fish of the CyprinidŠ or Carp family. The common European species is Leuciscus cephalus; the cheven. In America the name is applied to various fishes of the same family, of the genera Semotilus, Squalius, Ceratichthys, etc., and locally to several very different fishes, as the tautog, black bass, etc.

Chub mackerel (Zo÷l.), a species of mackerel (Scomber colias) in some years found in abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others; -- called also bull mackerel, thimble-eye, and big- eye mackerel. -- Chub sucker (Zo÷l.), a fresh-water fish of the United States (Erimyzon sucetta); -- called also creekfish.

Chub"bed (?), a. Chubby. [R.] H. Brooke.

Chub"bed*ness, n. The state of being chubby.

Chub"by (?), a. Like a chub; plump, short, and thick. "Chubby faces." I. Taylor.

Chub"-faced` (?), a. Having a plump, short face.

Chuck (chŭk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chucked (chŭkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking.] [Imitative of the sound.] 1. To make a noise resembling that of a hen when she calls her chickens; to cluck.

2. To chuckle; to laugh. [R.] Marston.

Chuck, v. t. To call, as a hen her chickens. Dryden.

Chuck, n. 1. The chuck or call of a hen.

2. A sudden, small noise.

3. A word of endearment; -- corrupted from chick. "Pray, chuck, come hither." Shak.

Chuck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chucked (chŭkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking.] [F. choquer to strike. Cf. Shock, v. t.] 1. To strike gently; to give a gentle blow to.

Chucked the barmaid under the chin. W. Irving.

2. To toss or throw smartly out of the hand; to pitch. [Colloq.] "Mahomet Ali will just be chucked into the Nile." Lord Palmerson.

3. (Mech.) To place in a chuck, or hold by means of a chuck, as in turning; to bore or turn (a hole) in a revolving piece held in a chuck.

Chuck, n. 1. A slight blow or pat under the chin.

2. A short throw; a toss.

3. (Mach.) A contrivance or machine fixed to the mandrel of a lathe, for holding a tool or the material to be operated upon.

Chuck farthing, a play in which a farthing is pitched into a hole; pitch farthing. -- Chuck hole, a deep hole in a wagon rut. -- Elliptic chuck, a chuck having a slider and an eccentric circle, which, as the work turns round, give it a sliding motion across the center which generates an ellipse. Knight.

Chuck (chŭk), n. 1. A small pebble; -- called also chuckstone and chuckiestone. [Scot.]

2. pl. A game played with chucks, in which one or more are tossed up and caught; jackstones. [Scot.]

Chuck, n. A piece of the backbone of an animal, from between the neck and the collar bone, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking; as, a chuck steak; a chuck roast. [Colloq.]

Chuc"kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chuckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chuckling (?).] [From 1st Chuck.]

1. To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. To fondle; to cocker. [Obs.] Dryden.

Chuc"kle, n. A short, suppressed laugh; the expression of satisfaction, exultation, or derision.

Chuc"kle, v. i. [From 1st Chuck.] To laugh in a suppressed or broken manner, as expressing inward satisfaction, exultation, or derision.

Chuc"kle*head` (?), n. A person with a large head; a numskull; a dunce. [Low] Knowles.

Chuc"kle*head`ed, a. Having a large head; thickheaded; dull; stupid. Smart.

Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow (?), n. (Zool.) A species of goatsucker (Antrostomus Carolinensis), of the southern United States; -- so called from its note.

Chud (?), v. t. [Cf. Chew, Cud.] To champ; to bite. [Obs.] A. Stafford.

Chu"et (?), n. [From Chew, v. t.] Minced meat. [Obs.] Bacon.

||Chu"fa (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) A sedgelike plant (Cyperus esculentus) producing edible tubers, native about the Mediterranean, now cultivated in many regions; the earth almond.

Chuff (?), n. [Perh. a modification of chub: cf. W. cyff stock, stump.] A coarse or stupid fellow. Shak.

Chuff, a. Stupid; churlish. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Chuff"i*ly (?), adv. Clownishly; surlily.

Chuff"i*ness, n. The quality of being chuffy.

Chuff"y (?), a. 1. Fat or puffed out in the cheeks.

2. Rough; clownish; surly.

Chu"lan (?), n. (Bot.) The fragrant flowers of the Chloranthus inconspicuus, used in China for perfuming tea.

Chum (?), n. [Perh. a contraction fr. comrade or chamber fellow: cf. also AS. cuma a comer, guest.] A roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and intimate friend.

Chum, v. i. [imp. p. p. Chummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chumming.] To occupy a chamber with another; as, to chum together at college. [U. S.]

Chum, n. Chopped pieces of fish used as bait. [U. S.]

Chump (?), n. [Cf. Icel. kumbr a chopping, E. chop.] A short, thick, heavy piece of wood. Morton.

Chump end, the thick end; as, the chump end of a joint of meat. Dickens.

||Chu*nam" (?), n. [Hind. chūnā, from Skr. cūrn.a powder, dust; or a Dravidian word.] Quicklime; also, plaster or mortar. [India] Whitworth.

Chunk (?), n. [Cf. Chump.] A short, thick piece of anything. [Colloq. U. S. & Prov. Eng.]

Chunk"y (?), a. Short and thick. [U. S.] Kane.

Church (?), n. [OE. chirche, chireche, cherche, Scot. kirk, from AS. circe, cyrice; akin to D. kerk, Icel. kirkja, Sw. kyrka, Dan. kirke, G. kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. &?; the Lord's house, fr. &?; concerning a master or lord, fr. &?; master, lord, fr. &?; power, might; akin to Skr. šūra hero, Zend. šura strong, OIr. caur, cur, hero. Cf. Kirk.]

1. A building set apart for Christian worship.

2. A Jewish or heathen temple. [Obs.] Acts xix. 37.

3. A formally organized body of Christian believers worshiping together. "When they had ordained them elders in every church." Acts xiv. 23.

4. A body of Christian believers, holding the same creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; as, the Roman Catholic church; the Presbyterian church.

5. The collective body of Christians.

6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish church; the church of Brahm.

7. The aggregate of religious influences in a community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to array the power of the church against some moral evil.

Remember that both church and state are properly the rulers of the people, only because they are their benefactors. Bulwer.

&fist; Church is often used in composition to denote something belonging or relating to the church; as, church authority; church history; church member; church music, etc.

Apostolic church. See under Apostolic. -- Broad church. See Broad Church. -- Catholic or Universal church, the whole body of believers in Christ throughout the world. -- Church of England, or English church, the Episcopal church established and endowed in England by law. -- Church living, a benefice in an established church. - - Church militant. See under Militant. -- Church owl (Zo÷l.), the white owl. See Barn owl. -- Church rate, a tax levied on parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its services. -- Church session. See under Session. -- Church triumphant. See under Triumphant. -- Church work, work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a particular church for the spread of religion. -- Established church, the church maintained by the civil authority; a state church.

Church, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Churched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Churching.] To bless according to a prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning thanks in church, as after deliverance from the dangers of childbirth; as, the churching of women.

Church"-ale` (?), n. A church or parish festival (as in commemoration of the dedication of a church), at which much ale was used. Wright. Nares.

Church"-bench` (?), n. A seat in the porch of a church. Shak.

Church"dom (?), n. The institution, government, or authority of a church. [R.] Bp. Pearson.

Church"go`er (?), n. One who attends church.

Church"go`ing, a. 1. Habitually attending church.

2. Summoning to church.

The sound of the churchgoing bell. Cowper.

Church"-haw` (?), n. [Church + haw a yard.] Churchyard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Church"ism (?), n. Strict adherence to the forms or principles of some church organization; sectarianism.

Church"less (?), a. Without a church. T. Fuller.

Church"like` (?), a. Befitting a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman. Shak.

Church"li*ness (?), n. Regard for the church.

Church"ly, a. Pertaining to, or suitable for, the church; ecclesiastical.

Church"man (?), n.; pl. Churchmen (#). 1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman.

2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established Church of England. "A zealous churchman." Macaulay.

3. One was is attached to, or attends, church.

Church"man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or becoming, a churchman. Milman.

Church"man*ship, n. The state or quality of being a churchman; attachment to the church.

Church" modes` (?). (Mus.) The modes or scales used in ancient church music. See Gregorian.

Church"ship, n. State of being a church. South.

Church"ward`en (?), n. 1. One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church, whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the provision of what is necessary for the communion service.

2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube. [Slang, Eng.]

There was a small wooden table placed in front of the smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long churchwardens. W. Black.

Church"ward`en*ship, n. The office of a churchwarden.

Church"y, a. Relating to a church; unduly fond of church forms. [Colloq.]

Church"yard` (?), n. The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery.