Chapter 16

Carry arms (Mil. Drill), a command of the Manual of Arms directing the soldier to hold his piece in the right hand, the barrel resting against the hollow of the shoulder in a nearly perpendicular position. In this position the soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be held, at carry. -- To carry all before one, to overcome all obstacles; to have uninterrupted success. -- To carry arms (a) To bear weapons. (b) To serve as a soldier. -- To carry away. (a) (Naut.) to break off; to lose; as, to carry away a fore-topmast. (b) To take possession of the mind; to charm; to delude; as, to be carried by music, or by temptation. -- To carry coals, to bear indignities tamely, a phrase used by early dramatists, perhaps from the mean nature of the occupation. Halliwell. -- To carry coals to Newcastle, to take things to a place where they already abound; to lose one's labor. - - To carry off (a) To remove to a distance. (b) To bear away as from the power or grasp of others. (c) To remove from life; as, the plague carried off thousands. -- To carry on (a) To carry farther; to advance, or help forward; to continue; as, to carry on a design. (b) To manage, conduct, or prosecute; as, to carry on husbandry or trade. -- To carry out. (a) To bear from within. (b) To put into execution; to bring to a successful issue. (c) To sustain to the end; to continue to the end. -- To carry through. (a) To convey through the midst of. (b) To support to the end; to sustain, or keep from falling, or being subdued. "Grace will carry us . . . through all difficulties." Hammond. (c) To complete; to bring to a successful issue; to succeed. -- To carry up, to convey or extend in an upward course or direction; to build. -- To carry weight. (a) To be handicapped; to have an extra burden, as when one rides or runs. "He carries weight, he rides a race" Cowper. (b) To have influence.

Car"ry, v. i. 1. To act as a bearer; to convey anything; as, to fetch and carry.

2. To have propulsive power; to propel; as, a gun or mortar carries well.

3. To hold the head; -- said of a horse; as, to carry well i. e., to hold the head high, with arching neck.

4. (Hunting) To have earth or frost stick to the feet when running, as a hare. Johnson.

To carry on, to behave in a wild, rude, or romping manner. [Colloq.]

Car"ry (?), n.; pl. Carries (#). A tract of land, over which boats or goods are carried between two bodies of navigable water; a carrying place; a portage. [U.S.]

Car"ry*all` (?), n. [Corrupted fr. cariole.] A light covered carriage, having four wheels and seats for four or more persons, usually drawn by one horse.

Car"ry*ing, n. The act or business of transporting from one place to another.

Carrying place, a carry; a portage. -- Carrying trade, the business of transporting goods, etc., from one place or country to another by water or land; freighting.

We are rivals with them in . . . the carrying trade. Jay.

Car"ryk (?), n. A carack. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Car"ry*tale` (?), n. A talebearer. [R.] Shak.

Carse (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. cars bog, fen. carsen reed, Armor. kars, korsen, bog plant, reed.] Low, fertile land; a river valley. [Scot.] Jomieson.

Cart (?), n. [AS. crŠt; cf. W. cart, Ir. & Gael. cairt, or Icel. kartr. Cf. Car.] 1. A common name for various kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian dwelling on wheels, or a chariot. "Phťbus' cart." Shak.

2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes of husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy articles.

Packing all his goods in one poor cart. Dryden.

3. A light business wagon used by bakers, grocerymen, butchers, etc.

4. An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage.

Cart horse, a horse which draws a cart; a horse bred or used for drawing heavy loads. -- Cart load, or Cartload, as much as will fill or load a cart. In excavating and carting sand, gravel, earth, etc., one third of a cubic yard of the material before it is loosened is estimated to be a cart load. -- Cart rope, a stout rope for fastening a load on a cart; any strong rope. -- To put (or get or set) the cart before the horse, to invert the order of related facts or ideas, as by putting an effect for a cause.

Cart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carting.] 1. To carry or convey in a cart.

2. To expose in a cart by way of punishment.

She chuckled when a bawd was carted. Prior.

Cart, v. i. To carry burdens in a cart; to follow the business of a carter.

Cart"age (?), n. 1. The act of carrying in a cart.

2. The price paid for carting.

Cart"bote` (?), n. [Cart + bote.] (Old Eng. Law.) Wood to which a tenant is entitled for making and repairing carts and other instruments of husbandry.

||Carte (?), n. [F. See 1st Card.] 1. Bill of fare.

2. Short for Carte de visite.

{ Carte. ||Quarte (?), } n. [F. quarte, prop., a fourth. Cf. Quart.] (Fencing) A position in thrusting or parrying, with the inside of the hand turned upward and the point of the weapon toward the adversary's right breast.

||Carte` blanche" (?). [F., fr. OF. carte paper + -blanc, blanche, white. See 1st Card.] A blank paper, with a person's signature, etc., at the bottom, given to another person, with permission to superscribe what conditions he pleases. Hence: Unconditional terms; unlimited authority.

||Carte" de vi*site` (?), pl. Cartes de visite (&?;). [F.] 1. A visiting card.

2. A photographic picture of the size formerly in use for a visiting card.

Car*tel" (?), n. [F., fr. LL. cartellus a little paper, dim. fr. L. charta. See 1st Card.]

1. (Mil.) An agreement between belligerents for the exchange of prisoners. Wilhelm.

2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge to single combat. [Obs.]

He is cowed at the very idea of a cartel., Sir W. Scott.

Cartel, or Cartel ship, a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of truce and privileged from capture.

Car"tel (?), v. t. To defy or challenge. [Obs.]

You shall cartel him. B. Jonson.

Cart"er (?), n. 1. A charioteer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A man who drives a cart; a teamster.

3. (Zo÷l.) (a) Any species of Phalangium; -- also called harvestman. (b) A British fish; the whiff.

Car*te"sian (?), a. [From Renatus Cartesius, Latinized from of RenÚ Descartes: cf. F. cartÚsien.] Of or pertaining to the French philosopher RenÚ Descartes, or his philosophy.

The Cartesion argument for reality of matter. Sir W. Hamilton.

Cartesian co÷rdinates (Geom), distance of a point from lines or planes; -- used in a system of representing geometric quantities, invented by Descartes. -- Cartesian devil, a small hollow glass figure, used in connection with a jar of water having an elastic top, to illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of air in changing the specific gravity of bodies. -- Cartesion oval (Geom.), a curve such that, for any point of the curve mr + m′r′ = c, where r and r′ are the distances of the point from the two foci and m, m′ and c are constant; -- used by Descartes.

Car*te"sian, n. An adherent of Descartes.

Car*te"sian*ism, n. The philosophy of Descartes.

Car`tha*gin"i*an, a. Of a pertaining to ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Carthage.

Car"tha*min (?), n. (Chem.) A red coloring matter obtained from the safflower, or Carthamus tinctorius.

Car*thu"sian (?), n. [LL. Cartusianus, Cartusiensis, from the town of Chartreuse, in France.] (Eccl. Hist.) A member of an exceeding austere religious order, founded at Chartreuse in France by St. Bruno, in the year 1086.

Car*thu"sian, a. Pertaining to the Carthusian.

Car"ti*lage (?), n. [L. cartilago; cf. F. cartilage.] (Anat.) A translucent, elastic tissue; gristle.

&fist; Cartilage contains no vessels, and consists of a homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there are numerous minute cavities, or capsules, containing protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See Illust under Duplication.

Articular cartilage, cartilage that lines the joints. -- Cartilage bone (Anat.), any bone formed by the ossification of cartilage. -- Costal cartilage, cartilage joining a rib with he sternum. See Illust. of Thorax.

Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous (?), a. [L. cartilageneus.] See Cartilaginous. Ray.

Car`ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. cartilago, -laginis, cartilage + facere to make.] The act or process of forming cartilage. Wright.

Car`ti*lag"i*nous (?), a. [L. cartilaginosus: cf. F. cartilagineux.] 1. Of or pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like cartilage.

2. (Zo÷l.) Having the skeleton in the state of cartilage, the bones containing little or no calcareous matter; said of certain fishes, as the sturgeon and the sharks.

Cart"man (?), n.; pl. Cartmen (&?;). One who drives or uses a cart; a teamster; a carter.

Car*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who makes charts or maps.

{ Car`to*graph"ic (?), Car`to*graph"ic*al (?) }, a. Of or pertaining to cartography.

Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. By cartography.

Car*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. cartographie. See Card, and -graphy.] The art or business of forming charts or maps.

Car"to*man`cy (?), n. [Cf. F. cartomancie. See Card, and -mancy.] The art of telling fortunes with cards.

Car"ton (kńr"t&obreve;n), n. [F. See Cartoon.] Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a pasteboard box.

||Carton pierre (&?;), a species of papier-machÚ, imitating stone or bronze sculpture. Knight.

Car*toon" (?), n. [F. carton (cf. It. cartone pasteboard, cartoon); fr. L. charta. See 1st card.]

1. A design or study drawn of the full size, to serve as a model for transferring or copying; -- used in the making of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like; as, the cartoons of Raphael.

2. A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or magazine; esp. a pictorial caricature; as, the cartoons of "Puck."

Car*toon"ist, n. One skilled in drawing cartoons.

Car*touch" (?), n.; pl. Cartouches (#). [F. cartouche, It. cartuccia, cartoccio, cornet, cartouch, fr. L. charta paper. See 1st Card, and cf. Cartridge.]

1. (Mil.) (a) A roll or case of paper, etc., holding a charge for a firearm; a cartridge. (b) A cartridge box. (c) A wooden case filled with balls, to be shot from a cannon. (d) A gunner's bag for ammunition. (e) A military pass for a soldier on furlough.

2. (Arch.) (a) A cantalever, console, corbel, or modillion, which has the form of a scroll of paper. (b) A tablet for ornament, or for receiving an inscription, formed like a sheet of paper with the edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental form.

3. (Egyptian Antiq.) An oval figure on monuments, and in papyri, containing the name of a sovereign.

Car"tridge (kńr"tr&ibreve;j), n. [Formerly cartrage, corrupted fr. F. cartouche. See Cartouch.] (Mil.) A complete charge for a firearm, contained in, or held together by, a case, capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard, or other material.

Ball cartridge, a cartridge containing a projectile. -- Blank cartridge, a cartridge without a projectile. -- Center-fire cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate occupies an axial position usually in the center of the base of the capsule, instead of being contained in its rim. In the Prussian needle gun the fulminate is applied to the middle of the base of the bullet. -- Rim-fire cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate is contained in a rim surrounding its base. -- Cartridge bag, a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a charge for a cannon. -- Cartridge belt, a belt having pockets for cartridges. -- Cartridge box, a case, usually of leather, attached to a belt or strap, for holding cartridges. -- Cartridge paper. (a) A thick stout paper for inclosing cartridges. (b) A rough tinted paper used for covering walls, and also for making drawings upon.

Car"tu*la*ry (?), n.; pl. Cartularies. [LL. cartularium, chartularium, fr. L. charta paper: cf. F. cartulaire. See 1st Card.]

1. A register, or record, as of a monastery or church.

2. An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of records or other public papers.

Cart"way` (?), n. A way or road for carts.

Cart"wright` (?), n. [Cart + wright.] An artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.

Car"u*cage (?), n. [LL. carrucagium (OF. charuage.), fr. LL. carruca plow, fr. L. carruca coach.]

1. (Old Eng. Law.) A tax on every plow or plowland.

2. The act of plowing. [R.]

Car"u*cate (?), n. [LL. carucata, carrucata. See Carucage.] A plowland; as much land as one team can plow in a year and a day; -- by some said to be about 100 acres. Burrill.

{ Car"un*cle (?), ||Ca*run"cu*la (?), } n. [L. caruncula a little piece of flesh, dim. of caro flesh.] 1. (Anat.) A small fleshy prominence or excrescence; especially the small, reddish body, the caruncula lacrymalis, in the inner angle of the eye.

2. (Bot.) An excrescence or appendage surrounding or near the hilum of a seed.

3. (Zo÷l.) A naked, flesh appendage, on the head of a bird, as the wattles of a turkey, etc.

{ Ca*run"cu*lar (?), Ca*run"cu*lous (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle; furnished with caruncles.

{ Ca*run"cu*late (?), Ca*run"cu*la`ted (?), } a. Having a caruncle or caruncles; caruncular.

||Ca"rus (kā"rŭs), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ka`ros.] (Med.) Coma with complete insensibility; deep lethargy.

Car"va*crol (kńr"v&adot;*krōl), n. (Chem.) A thick oily liquid, C10H13.OH, of a strong taste and disagreeable odor, obtained from oil of caraway (Carum carui).

Carve (kńrv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carved (kńrvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Carving.] [AS. ceorfan to cut, carve; akin to D. kerven, G. kerben, Dan. karve, Sw. karfva, and to Gr. gra`fein to write, orig. to scratch, and E. - graphy. Cf. Graphic.] 1. To cut. [Obs.]

Or they will carven the shepherd's throat. Spenser.

2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave.

Carved with figures strange and sweet. Coleridge.

3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or engraving; to form; as, to carve a name on a tree.

An angel carved in stone. Tennyson.

We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone. C. Wolfe.

4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to apportion. "To carve a capon." Shak.

5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting.

My good blade carved the casques of men. Tennyson.

A million wrinkles carved his skin. Tennyson.

6. To take or make, as by cutting; to provide.

Who could easily have carved themselves their own food. South.

7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan.

Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new doublet. Shak.

To carve out, to make or get by cutting, or as if by cutting; to cut out. "[Macbeth] with his brandished steel . . . carved out his passage." Shak.

Fortunes were carved out of the property of the crown. Macaulay.

Carve, v. i. 1. To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut figures.

2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for all the guests.

Carve, n. A carucate. [Obs.] Burrill.

Car"vel (?), n. [Contr. fr. caravel.] 1. Same as Caravel.

2. A species of jellyfish; sea blubber. Sir T. Herbert.

Car"vel*built (?), a. (Shipbuilding) Having the planks meet flush at the seams, instead of lapping as in a clinker-built vessel.

Car"ven (?), a. Wrought by carving; ornamented by carvings; carved. [Poetic]

A carven bowl well wrought of beechen tree. Bp. Hall.

The carven cedarn doors. Tennyson.

A screen of carven ivory. Mrs. Browning.

Car"vene (?), n. [F. carvi caraway.] An oily substance, C10H16, extracted from oil caraway.

Carv"er (?), n. 1. One who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural adornments, etc. "The carver's chisel." Dodsley.

The carver of his fortunes. Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )

2. One who carves or divides meat at table.

3. A large knife for carving.

Carv"ing, n. 1. The act or art of one who carves.

2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood, or other material. "Carving in wood." Sir W. Temple.

3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any kind or epoch, or in any material; as, the Italian carving of the 15th century.

Car"vist (?), n. [A corruption of carry fist.] (Falconary) A hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on the hand; a hawk in its first year. Booth.

Car"vol (?), n. (Chem.) One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling carvacrol.

Car" wheel` (?), A flanged wheel of a railway car or truck.

{ Car`y*at"ic (?), Car`y*at"id (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a caryatid.

Car`y*at"id (?), n.; pl. Caryatids (#). [See Caryatides.] (Arch.) A draped female figure supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or pilaster.

||Car`y*at"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. &?; (&?;) priestesses in the temple of Diana (the Greek Artemis) at CaryŠ (Gr. &?;), a village in Laconia; as an architectural term, caryatids.] (Arch) Caryatids.

&fist; Corresponding male figures were called Atlantes, Telamones, and Persians.

Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous (?), a. [Gr. &?; clove tree; &?; nut + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) (a) Having corollas of five petals with long claws inclosed in a tubular, calyx, as the pink. (b) Belonging to the family of which the pink and the carnation are the types.

Car`y*oph"yl*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless and odorless crystalline substance, extracted from cloves, polymeric with common camphor.

Car`y*oph"yl*lous (?), a. Caryophyllaceous.

Car`y*op"sis (?), n.; pl. Caryopses (#). [NL., fr. gr. &?; hut, kernel + &?; sight, form.] (Bot.) A one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous pericarp, adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed are incorporated in one body, forming a single grain, as of wheat, barley, etc.

Ca"sal (?), a. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal ending.

Cas"ca*bel (?), n. [Sp. cascabel a little bell, also (fr. the shape), a knob at the breech end of a cannon.] The projection in rear of the breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop connected with the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all in rear of the base ring. [See Illust. of Cannon.]

Cas*cade" (kăs*kād"), n. [F. cascade, fr. It. cascata, fr. cascare to fall.] A fall of water over a precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall less than a cataract.

The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade. Longfellow.

Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade. Cowper.

Cas*cade", v. i. 1. To fall in a cascade. Lowell.

2. To vomit. [Slang] Smollett.

||Cas*cal"ho (?), n. [Pg., a chip of stone, gravel.] A deposit of pebbles, gravel, and ferruginous sand, in which the Brazilian diamond is usually found.

||Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da (?). [Sp.] Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshianus), used as a mild cathartic or laxative.

Cas`ca*ril"la (?), n.[Sp., small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of cßscara bark.] (Bot.) A euphorbiaceous West Indian shrub (Croton Eleutheria); also, its aromatic bark.

Cascarilla bark (or Cascarilla) (Med.), the bark of Croton Eleutheria. It has an aromatic odor and a warm, spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It is used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to occasion vertigo and intoxication.

Cas`ca*ril"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystallizable, bitter substance extracted from oil of cascarilla.

Case (kās), n. [OF. casse, F. caisse (cf. It. cassa), fr. L. capsa chest, box, case, fr. capere to take, hold. See Capacious, and cf. 4th Chase, Cash, Enchase, 3d Sash.]

1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a case for holding goods; a case for spectacles; the case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.

2. A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box; as, a case of goods; a case of instruments.

3. (Print.) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type.

&fist; Cases for type are usually arranged in sets of two, called respectively the upper and the lower case. The upper case contains capitals, small capitals, accented and marked letters, fractions, and marks of reference: the lower case contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation, quadrats, and spaces.

4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door case; a window case.

5. (Mining) A small fissure which admits water to the workings. Knight.

Case, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Casing.] 1. To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.

The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle. Prescott.

2. To strip the skin from; as, to case a box. [Obs.]

Case, n. [F. cas, fr. L. casus, fr. cadere to fall, to happen. Cf. Chance.] 1. Chance; accident; hap; opportunity. [Obs.]

By aventure, or sort, or cas. Chaucer.

2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstances; condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a case of injustice; the case of the Indian tribes.

In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge. Deut. xxiv. 13.

If the case of the man be so with his wife. Matt. xix. 10.

And when a lady's in the case You know all other things give place. Gay.

You think this madness but a common case. Pope.

I am in case to justle a constable, Shak.

3. (Med. & Surg.) A patient under treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; as, ten cases of fever; also, the history of a disease or injury.

A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases. Arbuthnot.

4. (Law) The matters of fact or conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause.

Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing is law that is not reason. Sir John Powell.

Not one case in the reports of our courts. Steele.

5. (Gram.) One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its relation to other words, and in the aggregate constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun sustains to some other word.

Case is properly a falling off from the nominative or first state of word; the name for which, however, is now, by extension of its signification, applied also to the nominative. J. W. Gibbs.

&fist; Cases other than the nominative are oblique cases. Case endings are terminations by which certain cases are distinguished. In old English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases distinguished by case endings, but in modern English only that of the possessive case is retained.

Action on the case (Law), according to the old classification (now obsolete), was an action for redress of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially provided against by law, in which the whole cause of complaint was set out in the writ; -- called also trespass on the case, or simply case. -- All a case, a matter of indifference. [Obs.] "It is all a case to me." L'Estrange. -- Case at bar. See under Bar, n. -- Case divinity, casuistry. -- Case lawyer, one versed in the reports of cases rather than in the science of the law. -- Case stated or agreed on (Law), a statement in writing of facts agreed on and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal points arising on them. -- A hard case, an abandoned or incorrigible person. [Colloq.] -- In any case, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow. -- In case, or In case that, if; supposing that; in the event or contingency; if it should happen that. "In case we are surprised, keep by me." W. Irving. -- In good case, in good condition, health, or state of body. -- To put a case, to suppose a hypothetical or illustrative case.

Syn. -- Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight; predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event; conjuncture; cause; action; suit.

Case, v. i. To propose hypothetical cases. [Obs.] "Casing upon the matter." L'Estrange.