Chapter 15

2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous excess. Tennyson.

He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall Hold o'er the dead their carnival Byron.

||Car*niv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L. carnivorus. See Carnivorous.] (Zo÷l.) An order of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc. They are adapted by their structure to feed upon flesh, though some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable food. The teeth are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and the jaws powerful.

Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty (?), n. Greediness of appetite for flesh. [Sportive.] Pope.

Car`ni*vore (?), n. [Cf. F. carnivore.] (Zo÷l.) One of the Carnivora.

Car*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. carnivorus; caro, carnis, flesh + varare to devour.] Eating or feeding on flesh. The term is applied: (a) to animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.; (b) to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food; (c) to substances which destroy animal tissue, as caustics.

{ Car*nose (?), Car"*nous } (?), a. [L. carnosus, fr. caro, carnis, flesh: cf. OF. carneux, F. charneux.] 1. Of or pertaining to flesh; fleshy.

A distinct carnose muscle. Ray.

2. (Bot.) Of a fleshy consistence; -- applied to succulent leaves, stems, etc.

Car*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. carnositÚ.]

1. (Med.) A fleshy excrescence; esp. a small excrescence or fungous growth. Wiseman.

2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy covering.

[Consciences] overgrown with so hard a carnosity. Spelman.

The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than capers; yet commended they are for their carnosity. Holland.

Car"ob (?), n. [Cf. F. caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp. garrobo, al-garrobo, carob tree, fr. Ar. kharrūb, Per. Kharnūb. Cf. Clgaroba.] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania Siliqua) found in the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread; -- called also carob tree.

2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by man; -- called also St. John's bread, carob bean, and algaroba bean.

Ca*roche" (?), n. [OF. carrache, F. carrose from It. carrocio, carrozza, fr. carro, L. carus. See Car.] A kind of pleasure carriage; a coach. [Obs.]

To mount two-wheeled caroches. Butler.

Ca*roched" (?), a. Placed in a caroche. [Obs.]

Beggary rides caroched. Massenger.

Car"oigne (?), n. [See Carrion.] Dead body; carrion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Car"ol (?), n. [OF. carole a kind of dance wherein many dance together, fr. caroler to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor. koroll, n., korolla, korolli, v., Ir. car music, turn, circular motion, also L. choraula a flute player, charus a dance, chorus, choir.] 1. A round dance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a lay.

The costly feast, the carol, and the dance. Dryden

It was the carol of a bird. Byron.

3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a Christmas or Easter carol.

Heard a carol, mournful, holy. Tennyson.

In the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble.

4. Joyful music, as of a song.

I heard the bells on Christmans Day Their old, familiar carol play. Longfellow.

Car"ol (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caroled (?), or Carolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Caroling, or Carolling.]

1. To praise or celebrate in song.

The Shepherds at their festivals Carol her goodness. Milton.

2. To sing, especially with joyful notes.

Hovering swans . . . carol sounds harmonious. Prior.

Car"ol, v. i. To sing; esp. to sing joyfully; to warble.

And carol of love's high praise. Spenser.

The gray linnets carol from the hill. Beattie.

{ Car"ol, Car"rol }, n. [OF. carole a sort of circular space, or carol.] (Arch.) A small closet or inclosure built against a window on the inner side, to sit in for study. The word was used as late as the 16th century.

A bay window may thus be called a carol. Parker.

Car"o*lin (?), n. [L. Carolus Charles.] A former gold coin of Germany worth nearly five dollars; also, a gold coin of Sweden worth nearly five dollars.

Car`o*li"na pink` (?). (Bot.) See Pinkboot.

Car"o*line (?), n. A coin. See Carline.

Car"ol*ing (?), n. A song of joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols. Coleridge.

Such heavenly notes and carolings. Spenser.

Car`o*lin"i*an (?), n. A native or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.

Car`o*lit"ic (?), a. (Arch.) Adorned with sculptured leaves and branches.

Car"o*lus (?), n.; pl. E. Caroluses (#), L. Caroli (#). [L., Charles.] An English gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three shillings. It was first struck in the reign of Charles I.

Told down the crowns and Caroluses. Macawlay.

Car"om (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. F. carumboler to carom, carambolage a carom, carambole the red ball in billiards.] (Billiards) A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in contact with two or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or more balls with the player's ball. In England it is called cannon.

Car"om, v. i. (Billiards) To make a carom.

Car"o*mel (?), n. See Caramel.

Car`o*teel" (?), n. (Com.) A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc., usually about 700 lbs. Simmonds.

Ca*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; stupefying. See Carotid.] 1. Of or pertaining to stupor; as, a carotic state.

2. (Anat.) Carotid; as, the carotic arteries.

Ca*rot"id (?), n. [Gr. &?;, pl., from &?; heavy sleep: cf. F. carotide. The early Greeks believed that these arteries in some way caused drowsiness.] (Anat.) One of the two main arteries of the neck, by which blood is conveyed from the aorta to the head. [See Illust. of Aorta.]

{ Ca*rot"id (?), Ca*rot"id*al (?), } a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or near, the carotids or one of them; as, the carotid gland.

Ca*ro"tin (?), n. (Chem.) A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the carrot.

Ca*rous"al (?), n. [See Carouse, but also cf. F. carrousel tilt.] A jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a carouse.

The swains were preparing for a carousal. Sterne.

Syn. -- Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See Feast.

Ca*rouse" (k&adot;*rouz"), n. [F. carrousse, earlier carous, fr. G. garaus finishing stroke, the entire emptying of the cup in drinking a health; gar entirely + aus out. See Yare, and Out.] 1. A large draught of liquor. [Obs.] "A full carouse of sack." Sir J. Davies.

Drink carouses to the next day's fate. Shak.

2. A drinking match; a carousal.

The early feast and late carouse. Pope.

Ca*rouse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caroused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carousing.] To drink deeply or freely in compliment; to take part in a carousal; to engage in drunken revels.

He had been aboard, carousing to his mates. Shak.

Ca*rouse" v. t. To drink up; to drain; to drink freely or jovially. [Archaic]

Guests carouse the sparkling tears of the rich grape. Denham.

Egypt's wanton queen, Carousing gems, herself dissolved in love. Young.

Ca*rous"er (?), n. One who carouses; a reveler.

Ca*rous"ing, a. That carouses; relating to a carouse.

Ca*rous"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a carouser.

Carp (kńrp), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carped (kńrpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Carping.] [OE. carpen to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel. karpa to boast), but influenced later by L. carpere to pluck, calumniate.] 1. To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or actions without reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by at.

Carping and caviling at faults of manner. Blackw. Mag.

And at my actions carp or catch. Herbert.

Carp, v. t. 1. To say; to tell. [Obs.]

2. To find fault with; to censure. [Obs.] Dryden.

Carp, n.; pl. Carp, formerly Carps. [Cf. Icel. karfi, Dan. karpe, Sw. karp, OHG. charpho, G. karpfen, F. carpe, LL. carpa.] (Zo÷l.) A fresh-water herbivorous fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several other species of Cyprinus, Catla, and Carassius are called carp. See Cruclan carp.

&fist; The carp was originally from Asia, whence it was early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been introduced into America, and widely distributed by the government. Domestication has produced several varieties, as the leather carp, which is nearly or quite destitute of scales, and the mirror carp, which has only a few large scales. Intermediate varieties occur.

Carp louse (Zo÷l.), a small crustacean, of the genus Argulus, parasitic on carp and allied fishes. See Branchiura. -- Carp mullet (Zo÷l.), a fish (Moxostoma carpio) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the suckers. -- Carp sucker (Zo÷l.), a name given to several species of fresh-water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the United States; - - called also quillback.

Car"pal (?), a. [From Carpus.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the carpus, or wrist. -- n. One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale.

Carpal angle (Zo÷l.), the angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.

||Car*pa"le (?), n.; pl. Carpalia (#). [NL., fr. E. carpus.] (Anat.) One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the series articulating with the metacarpals.

Car*pa"thi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east, and south.

{ Car"pel (kńr"p&ebreve;l), ||Car*pel"lum (-p&ebreve;l"lŭm), } n. [NL. carpellum, fr. Gr. karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.) A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See Illust of Carpaphore.

Car"pel*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to, forming, or containing carpels.

Car"pen*ter (?), n. [OF. carpentier, F. charpentier, LL. carpentarius, fr. L. carpentum wagon, carriage.] An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of houses, ships, etc.

Syn. -- Carpenter, Joiner. The carpenter frames and puts together roofs, partitions, floors, and other structural parts of a building. The joiner supplies stairs, doors shutters, mantelpieces, cupboards, and other parts necessary to finishing the building. In America the two trades are commonly united.

Carpenter ant (Zo÷l.), any species of ant which gnaws galleries in the wood of trees and constructs its nests therein. They usually select dead or somewhat decayed wood. The common large American species is Formica Pennsylvanica. -- Carpenter bee (Zo÷l.), a large hymenopterous insect of the genus Xylocopa; -- so called because it constructs its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber. The common American species is Xylocopa Virginica.

Car"pen*ter*ing, n. The occupation or work of a carpenter; the act of working in timber; carpentry.

Car"pen*try (?), n. [F. charpenterie, OF. also carpenterie. See Carpenter.]

1. The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber, as in the construction of buildings.

2. An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by being framed together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.; work done by a carpenter.

Carp"er (?), n. One who carps; a caviler. Shak.

Car"pet (kńr"p&ebreve;t), n. [OF. carpite rug, soft of cloth, F. carpette coarse packing cloth, rug (cf. It. carpita rug, blanket), LL. carpeta, carpita, woolly cloths, fr. L. carpere to pluck, to card (wool); cf. Gr. karpo`s fruit, E. Harvest.] 1. A heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths to be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished from a rug or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for tables.

Tables and beds covered with copes instead of carpets and coverlets. T. Fuller.

2. A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting a carpet. "The grassy carpet of this plain." Shak.

Carpet beetle or Carpet bug (Zo÷l.), a small beetle (Anthrenus scrophulariŠ), which, in the larval state, does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; -- also called buffalo bug. -- Carpet knight. (a) A knight who enjoys ease and security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of the field; a hero of the drawing room; an effeminate person. Shak. (b) One made a knight, for some other than military distinction or service. -- Carpet moth (Zo÷l.), the larva of an insect which feeds on carpets and other woolen goods. There are several kinds. Some are the larvŠ of species of Tinea (as T. tapetzella); others of beetles, esp. Anthrenus. -- Carpet snake (Zo÷l.), an Australian snake. See Diamond snake, under Diamond. -- Carpet sweeper, an apparatus or device for sweeping carpets. -- To be on the carpet, to be under consideration; to be the subject of deliberation; to be in sight; -- an expression derived from the use of carpets as table cover. -- Brussels carpet. See under Brussels.

Car"pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carpeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carpeting.] To cover with, or as with, a carpet; to spread with carpets; to furnish with a carpet or carpets.

Carpeted temples in fashionable squares. E. Everett.

Car"pet*bag` (?), n. A portable bag for travelers; -- so called because originally made of carpet.

Car"pet*bag`ger (?), n. An adventurer; -- a term of contempt for a Northern man seeking private gain or political advancement in the southern part of the United States after the Civil War (1865). [U. S.]

Car"pet*ing, n. 1. The act of covering with carpets.

2. Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in general.

The floor was covered with rich carpeting. Prescott.

Car"pet*less, a. Without a carpet.

Car"pet*mon`ger (?), n. 1. One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of carpets.

2. One fond of pleasure; a gallant. Shak.

Car"pet*way` (?), n. (Agric.) A border of greensward left round the margin of a plowed field. Ray.

Car*phol"o*gy (kńr*f&obreve;l"&osl;*j&ybreve;), n. [Gr. ka`rfos any small dry body + -logy: cf. F. carphologie.] (Med.) See Floccillation.

Carp"ing (kńrp"&ibreve;ng), a. Fault-finding; censorious caviling. See Captious.

-- Carp"ing*ly, adv.

||Car`pin*te"ro (kńr`p&esl;n*t&asl;"r&osl;), n. [Sp., a carpenter, a woodpecker.] A california woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), noted for its habit of inserting acorns in holes which it drills in trees. The acorns become infested by insect larvŠ, which, when grown, are extracted for food by the bird.

Car`po*gen"ic (kńr`p&osl;*j&ebreve;n"&ibreve;k), a. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + - gen.] (Bot.) Productive of fruit, or causing fruit to be developed.

Car"po*lite (kńr"p&osl;*līt), n. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + - lite, cf. F. carpolithe.] A general term for a fossil fruit, nut, or seed.

Car`po*log"i*cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to carpology.

Car*pol"o*gist (?), n. One who describes fruits; one versed in carpology.

Car*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + -logy.] That branch of botany which relates to the structure of seeds and fruit.

Car*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + &?; to eat.] Living on fruits; fruit-consuming.

Car"po*phore (?), n. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + &?; to bear.] (Bot.) A slender prolongation of the receptacle as an axis between the carpels, as in Geranium and many umbelliferous plants.

Car"po*phyll (?), n. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) A leaf converted into a fruit or a constituent portion of a fruit; a carpel. [See Illust. of Gymnospermous.]

Car"po*phyte (kńr"p&osl;*līt), n. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + fyto`n plant.] (Bot.) A flowerless plant which forms a true fruit as the result of fertilization, as the red seaweeds, the Ascomycetes, etc.

&fist; The division of algŠ and fungi into four classes called Carpophytes, O÷phytes, Protophytes, and Zygophytes (or CarposporeŠ, O÷sporeŠ, Protophyta, and ZygosporeŠ) was proposed by Sachs about 1875.

Car"po*spore (?), n. [Gr. karpo`s + -spore.] (Bot.) A kind of spore formed in the conceptacles of red algŠ. -- Car`po*spor"ic (&?;), a.

||Car"pus (kńr"pŭs), n.; pl. Carpi (- pī). [NL., fr. Gr. karpo`s wrist.] (Anat.) The wrist; the bones or cartilages between the forearm, or antibrachium, and the hand or forefoot; in man, consisting of eight short bones disposed in two rows.

Car"rack (?), n. See Carack.

{ Car"ra*geen` (?), Car"ri*geen` (?) }, n. A small, purplish, branching, cartilaginous seaweed (Chondrus crispus), which, when bleached, is the Irish moss of commerce. [Also written carragheen, carageen.]

||Car*ran"cha (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo÷l.) The Brazilian kite (Polyborus Brasiliensis); -- so called in imitation of its notes.

Car"ra*way (?), n. See Caraway.

Car"rel (?), n. See Quarrel, an arrow.

Car"rel, n. (Arch.) Same as 4th Carol.

Car"ri*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being carried.

Car"riage (?), n. [OF. cariage luggage, carriage, chariage carriage, cart, baggage, F. charriage, cartage, wagoning, fr. OF. carier, charier, F. charrier, to cart. See Carry.] 1. That which is carried; burden; baggage. [Obs.]

David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage. 1. Sam. xvii. 22.

And after those days we took up our carriages and went up to Jerusalem. Acts. xxi. 15.

2. The act of carrying, transporting, or conveying.

Nine days employed in carriage. Chapman.

3. The price or expense of carrying.

4. That which carries of conveys, as: (a) A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp. one designed for elegance and comfort. (b) A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden, as a gun carriage. (c) A part of a machine which moves and carries of supports some other moving object or part. (d) A frame or cage in which something is carried or supported; as, a bell carriage.

5. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior; bearing; deportment; personal manners.

His gallant carriage all the rest did grace. Stirling.

6. The act or manner of conducting measures or projects; management.

The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak.

Carriage horse, a horse kept for drawing a carriage. -- Carriage porch (Arch.), a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the driveway at the entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter for those who alight from vehicles at the door; -- sometimes erroneously called in the United States porte- cochŔre.

Car"riage*a*ble (?), a. Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in carriages. [R.] Ruskin.

Car"ri*boo (?), n. See Caribou.

Car"rick (?), n. (Naut.) A carack. See Carack.

Carrick bend (Naut.), a kind of knot, used for bending together hawsers or other ropes. -- Carrick bitts (Naut.), the bitts which support the windlass. Totten.

Car"ri*er (?), n. [From Carry.] 1. One who, or that which, carries or conveys; a messenger.

The air which is but . . . a carrier of the sounds. Bacon.

2. One who is employed, or makes it his business, to carry goods for others for hire; a porter; a teamster.

The roads are crowded with carriers, laden with rich manufactures. Swift.

3. (Mach.) That which drives or carries; as: (a) A piece which communicates to an object in a lathe the motion of the face plate; a lathe dog. (b) A spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine. (c) A movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to a position from which it can be thrust into the barrel.

Carrier pigeon (Zo÷l.), a variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey letters from a distant point to to its home. -- Carrier shell (Zo÷l.), a univalve shell of the genus Phorus; -- so called because it fastens bits of stones and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as almost to conceal it. -- Common carrier (Law.) See under Common, a.

Car"ri*on (?), n. [OE. caroyne, OF. caroigne, F. charogne, LL. caronia, fr. L. caro flesh Cf. Crone, Crony.] 1. The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an animal; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food.

They did eat the dead carrions. Spenser.

2. A contemptible or worthless person; -- a term of reproach. [Obs.] "Old feeble carrions." Shak.

Car"ri*on, a. Of or pertaining to dead and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion.

A prey for carrion kites. Shak.

Carrion beetle (Zo÷l.), any beetle that feeds habitually on dead animals; -- also called sexton beetle and burying beetle. There are many kinds, belonging mostly to the family SilphidŠ. -- Carrion buzzard (Zo÷l.), a South American bird of several species and genera (as Ibycter, Milvago, and Polyborus), which act as scavengers. See Caracara. -- Carrion crow, the common European crow (Corvus corone) which feeds on carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.

Car"rol (?), n. (Arch.) See 4th Carol.

Car"rom (?), n. (Billiards) See Carom.

Car`ron*ade (?), n. [From Carron, in Scotland where it was first made.] (Med.) A kind of short cannon, formerly in use, designed to throw a large projectile with small velocity, used for the purpose of breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing, the object aimed at, as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions, but is supported on its carriage by a bolt passing through a loop on its under side.

Car"ron oil (?). A lotion of linseed oil and lime water, used as an application to burns and scalds; -- first used at the Carron iron works in Scotland.

Car"rot (?), n. [F. carotte, fr. L. carota; cf. Gr. &?;] 1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous biennial plant (Daucus Carota), of many varieties.

2. The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color.

Car"rot*y, a. Like a carrot in color or in taste; -- an epithet given to reddish yellow hair, etc.

Car"row (?), n. [Ir & Gael. carach cunning.] A strolling gamester. [Ireland] Spenser.

Car"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carrying.] [OF. carier, charier, F. carrier, to cart, from OF. car, char, F. car, car. See Car.] 1. To convey or transport in any manner from one place to another; to bear; -- often with away or off.

When he dieth he small carry nothing away. Ps. xiix. 17.

Devout men carried Stephen to his burial. Acts viii, 2.

Another carried the intelligence to Russell. Macaulay.

The sound will be carried, at the least, twenty miles. Bacon.

2. To have or hold as a burden, while moving from place to place; to have upon or about one's person; to bear; as, to carry a wound; to carry an unborn child.

If the ideas . . . were carried along with us in our minds. Locke.

3. To move; to convey by force; to impel; to conduct; to lead or guide.

Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet. Shak.

He carried away all his cattle. Gen. xxxi. 18.

Passion and revenge will carry them too far. Locke.

4. To transfer from one place (as a country, book, or column) to another; as, to carry the war from Greece into Asia; to carry an account to the ledger; to carry a number in adding figures.

5. To convey by extension or continuance; to extend; as, to carry the chimney through the roof; to carry a road ten miles farther.

6. To bear or uphold successfully through conflict, as a leader or principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a contest; to bring to a successful issue; to win; as, to carry an election. "The greater part carries it." Shak.

The carrying of our main point. Addison.

7. To get possession of by force; to capture.

The town would have been carried in the end. Bacon.

8. To contain; to comprise; to bear the aspect of ; to show or exhibit; to imply.

He thought it carried something of argument in it. Watts.

It carries too great an imputation of ignorance. Lacke.

9. To bear (one's self); to behave, to conduct or demean; -- with the reflexive pronouns.

He carried himself so insolently in the house, and out of the house, to all persons, that he became odious. Clarendon.

10. To bear the charges or burden of holding or having, as stocks, merchandise, etc., from one time to another; as, a merchant is carrying a large stock; a farm carries a mortgage; a broker carries stock for a customer; to carry a life insurance.