Chapter 12

2. A leap or caper, as in dancing. "With lofty turns and caprioles." Sir J. Davies.

Cap"ri*ole, v. i. To perform a capriole. Carlyle.

Cap"ri*ped (?), a. [L. capripers; caper goat + pes pedis, foot.] Having feet like those of a goat.

Cap"ro*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of caproic acid.

Ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See under Capric.

Cap"ry*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of caprylic acid.

Ca*pryl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See under Capric.

Cap*sa"i*cin (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance extracted from the Capsicum annuum, and giving off vapors of intense acridity.

Cap"sheaf` (?), n. The top sheaf of a stack of grain: (fig.) the crowning or finishing part of a thing.

Cap"si*cin (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A red liquid or soft resin extracted from various species of capsicum.

Cap"si*cine (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A volatile alkaloid extracted from Capsicum annuum or from capsicin.

Cap"si*cum (kăp"s&ibreve;*kŭm), n. [NL., fr. L. capsa box, chest.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when ground form the red or Cayenne pepper of commerce. [1913 Webster]

&fist; The most important species are Capsicum baccatum or bird pepper, C. fastigiatum or chili pepper, C. frutescens or spur pepper, and C. annuum or Guinea pepper, which includes the bell pepper and other common garden varieties. The fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe state, in pickles and in cookery. See Cayenne pepper. [1913 Webster]

Cap*size" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Capsized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Capsizing.] [Cf. Sp. cabecear to nod, pitch, capuzar, chapuzar, to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L. caput head.] To upset or overturn, as a vessel or other body.

But what if carrying sail capsize the boat? Byron.

Cap"size` (?), n. An upset or overturn.

Cap"*square (?), n. (Gun.) A metal covering plate which passes over the trunnions of a cannon, and holds it in place.

Cap"stan (?), n. [F. cabestan, fr. Sp. cabestrante, cabrestante, fr. cabestrar to bind with a halter, fr. cabestrohalter, fr. L. capistrum halter, fr. capere to hold (see Capacious); or perh. the Spanish is fr. L. caper goat + stans, p. pr. of stare to stand; cf. F. chŔvre she-goat, also a machine for raising heavy weights.] A vertical cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is much used, especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy weights or exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable, passing around the drum. It is operated either by steam power or by a number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing on the end of a lever fixed in its socket. [Sometimes spelt Capstern, but improperly.]

Capstan bar, one of the long bars or levers by which the capstan is worked; a handspike.. -- To pawl the capstan, to drop the pawls so that they will catch in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the capstan from turning back. -- To rig the capstan, to prepare the for use, by putting the bars in the sockets. -- To surge the capstan, to slack the tension of the rope or cable wound around it.

Cap"stone` (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil echinus of the genus Cannulus; -- so called from its supposed resemblance to a cap.

{ Cap"su*lar (?), Cap"su*la*ry (?), } a. [Cf. F. capsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a capsule; having the nature of a capsule; hollow and fibrous.

Capsular ligament (Anat.), a ligamentous bag or capsule surrounding many movable joints in the skeleton.

{ Cap"su*late (?), Cap"su*la`ted (?), } a. Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest or box.

Cap"sule (?), n. [L. capsula a little box or chest, fr. capsa chest, case, fr. capere to take, contain: cf. F. capsule.] 1. (Bot.) a dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or carpels, and opens to discharge the seeds, as, the capsule of the poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.

2. (Chem.) (a) A small saucer of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores, etc.; a scorifier. (b) a small, shallow, evaporating dish, usually of porcelain.

3. (Med.) A small cylindrical or spherical gelatinous envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses are inclosed to be swallowed.

4. (Anat.) A membranous sac containing fluid, or investing an organ or joint; as, the capsule of the lens of the eye. Also, a capsulelike organ.

5. A metallic seal or cover for closing a bottle.

6. A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a percussion cap, cartridge, etc.

Atrabiliary capsule. See under Atrabiliary. -- Glisson's capsule, a membranous envelope, entering the liver along with the portal vessels and insheathing the latter in their course through the organ. -- Suprarenal capsule, an organ of unknown function, above or in front of each kidney.

Cap"tain (kăp"t&ibreve;n), n. [OE. capitain, captain, OF. capitain, F. capitaine (cf. Sp. capitan, It. capitano), LL. capitaneus, capitanus, fr. L. caput the head. See under Chief, and cf. Chieftain.] 1. A head, or chief officer; as: (a) The military officer who commands a company, troop, or battery, or who has the rank entitling him to do so though he may be employed on other service. (b) An officer in the United States navy, next above a commander and below a commodore, and ranking with a colonel in the army. (c) By courtesy, an officer actually commanding a vessel, although not having the rank of captain. (d) The master or commanding officer of a merchant vessel. (e) One in charge of a portion of a ship's company; as, a captain of a top, captain of a gun, etc. (f) The foreman of a body of workmen. (g) A person having authority over others acting in concert; as, the captain of a boat's crew; the captain of a football team.

A trainband captain eke was he. Cowper.

The Rhodian captain, relying on . . . the lightness of his vessel, passed, in open day, through all the guards. Arbuthnot.

2. A military leader; a warrior.

Foremost captain of his time. Tennyson.

Captain general. (a) The commander in chief of an army or armies, or of the militia. (b) The Spanish governor of Cuba and its dependent islands. -- Captain lieutenant, a lieutenant with the rank and duties of captain but with a lieutenant's pay, -- as in the first company of an English regiment.

Cap"tain (?), v. t. To act as captain of; to lead. [R.]

Men who captained or accompanied the exodus from existing forms. Lowell.

Cap"tain, a. Chief; superior. [R.]

captain jewes in the carcanet. Shak.

Cap"tain*cy (?), n.; pl. Captaincies (&?;). The rank, post, or commission of a captain. Washington.

Captaincy general, the office, power, territory, or jurisdiction of a captain general; as, the captaincy general of La Habana (Cuba and its islands).

Cap"tain*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. capitainerie.] Power, or command, over a certain district; chieftainship. [Obs.]

Cap"tain*ship, n. 1. The condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain or chief commander. "To take the captainship." Shak.

2. Military skill; as, to show good captainship.

Cap*ta`tion (?), n. [L. captatio, fr. captare to catch, intens. of caper to take: cf. F. captation.] A courting of favor or applause, by flattery or address; a captivating quality; an attraction. [Obs.]

Without any of those dresses, or popular captations, which some men use in their speeches. Eikon Basilike.

Cap"tion (?), n. [L. captio, fr. caper to take. In senses 3 and 4, perhaps confounded in meaning with L. caput a head. See Capacious.] 1. A caviling; a sophism. [Obs.]

This doctrine is for caption and contradiction. Bacon.

2. The act of taking or arresting a person by judicial process. [R.] Bouvier.

3. (Law) That part of a legal instrument, as a commission, indictment, etc., which shows where, when, and by what authority, it was taken, found, or executed. Bouvier. Wharton.

4. The heading of a chapter, section, or page. [U. S.]

Cap"tious (?), a. [F. captieux, L. captiosus. See Caption.] 1. Apt to catch at faults; disposed to find fault or to cavil; eager to object; difficult to please.

A captious and suspicious age. Stillingfleet.

I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to abide the test of a captious controversy. Bwike.

2. Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare; insidious; troublesome.

Captious restraints on navigation. Bancroft.

Syn. -- Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious; hypercritical; peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome. -- Captious, caviling, Carping. A captious person is one who has a fault-finding habit or manner, or is disposed to catch at faults, errors, etc., with quarrelsome intent; a caviling person is disposed to raise objections on frivolous grounds; carping implies that one is given to ill-natured, persistent, or unreasonable fault- finding, or picking up of the words or actions of others.

Caviling is the carping of argument, carping the caviling of ill temper. C. J. Smith.

Cap"tious*ly, adv. In a captious manner.

Cap"tious*ness, n. Captious disposition or manner.

Cap"ti*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captivated; p. pr. & vb. n. Captivating.] [L. captivatus, p. p. of captivare to capture, fr. captivus captive. See Captive.] 1. To take prisoner; to capture; to subdue. [Obs.]

Their woes whom fortune captivates. Shak.

2. To acquire ascendancy over by reason of some art or attraction; to fascinate; to charm; as, Cleopatra captivated Antony; the orator captivated all hearts.

Small landscapes of captivating loveliness. W. Irving.

Syn. -- To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant; bewitch; facinate; capture; lead captive.

Cap"ti*vate (?), p. a. [L. captivatus.] Taken prisoner; made captive; insnared; charmed.

Women have been captivate ere now. Shak.

Cap"ti*va`ting (?), a. Having power to captivate or charm; fascinating; as, captivating smiles. -- Cap"ti*va`ting*ly, adv.

Cap"ti*va`tion (?), n. [L. capticatio.] The act of captivating. [R.]

The captivation of our understanding. Bp. Hall.

Cap"tive (?), n. [L. captivus, fr. capere to take: cf. F. captif. See Caitiff.] 1. A prisoner taken by force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy, in war; one kept in bondage or in the power of another.

Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains. Milton.

2. One charmed or subdued by beaty, excellence, or affection; one who is captivated.

Cap"tive, a. 1. Made prisoner, especially in war; held in bondage or in confinement.

A poor, miserable, captive thrall. Milton.

2. Subdued by love; charmed; captivated.

Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart Grossly grew captive to his honey words. Shak.

3. Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement; serving to confine; as, captive chains; captive hours.

Cap"tive (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Captiving.] To take prisoner; to capture.

Their inhabitans slaughtered and captived. Burke.

Cap*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [L. captivitas: cf. F. captivitÚ.] 1. The state of being a captive or a prisoner.

More celebrated in his captivity that in his greatest triumphs. Dryden.

2. A state of being under control; subjection of the will or affections; bondage.

Sink in the soft captivity together. Addison.

Syn. -- Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection; servitude; slavery; thralldom; serfdom.

Cap"tor (?), n. [L., a cather (of animals), fr. caper to take.] One who captures any person or thing, as a prisoner or a prize.

Cap"ture (?), n. [L. capture, fr. caper to take: cf. F. capture. See Caitiff, and cf. aptive.]

1. The act of seizing by force, or getting possession of by superior power or by stratagem; as, the capture of an enemy, a vessel, or a criminal.

Even with regard to captures made at sea. Bluckstone.

2. The securing of an object of strife or desire, as by the power of some attraction.

3. The thing taken by force, surprise, or stratagem; a prize; prey.

Syn. -- Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.

Cap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Capturing.] To seize or take possession of by force, surprise, or stratagem; to overcome and hold; to secure by effort.

Her heart is like some fortress that has been captured. W. Ivring.

||Ca*puc"cio (?), n. [It. cappucio. See Capoch.] A capoch or hood. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ca*puched" (?), a. [See Capoch.] Cover with, or as with, a hood. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Cap`u*chin" (?), n. [F. capucin a monk who wears a cowl, fr. It. cappuccio hood. See Capoch.]

1. (Eccl.) A Franciscan monk of the austere branch established in 1526 by Matteo di Baschi, distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl or capoch of St. Francis.

A bare-footed and long-bearded capuchin. Sir W. Scott.

2. A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and hood, resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of capuchin monks.

3. (Zo÷l.) (a) A long-tailed South American monkey (Cabus capucinus), having the forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on the crown reflexed and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white; -- called also capucine monkey, weeper, sajou, sapajou, and sai. (b) Other species of Cabus, as C. fatuellus (the brown or horned capucine.), C. albifrons (the cararara), and C. apella. (c) A variety of the domestic pigeon having a hoodlike tuft of feathers on the head and sides of the neck.

Capuchin nun, one of an austere order of Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order had recently been founded by Maria Longa.

Cap"u*cine (?), n. See Capuchin, 3.

Cap"u*let (?), n. (Far.) Same as Capellet.

Cap"u*lin (-l&ibreve;n), n. [Sp. capuli.] The Mexican cherry (Prunus Capollin).

||Ca"put (kā"pŭt), n.; pl. Capita (kăp"&ibreve;*t&adot;). [L., the head.] 1. (Anat.) The head; also, a knoblike protuberance or capitulum.

2. The top or superior part of a thing.

3. (Eng.) The council or ruling body of the University of Cambridge prior to the constitution of 1856.

Your caputs and heads of colleges. Lamb.

Caput mortuum (&?;). [L., dead head.] (Old Chem.) The residuum after distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue.

Ca`py*ba"ra (?), n. [Sp. capibara, fr. the native name.] (Zo÷l.) A large South American rodent (HydrochŠrus capybara) Living on the margins of lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent, being about three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat resembles the Guinea pig, to which it is related; -- called also cabiai and water hog.

Car (?), n. [OF. car, char, F. cahr, fr. L. carrus, Wagon: a Celtic word; cf. W. car, Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf. Chariot.] 1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart.

2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.]

&fist; In England a railroad passenger car is called a railway carriage; a freight car a goods wagon; a platform car a goods truck; a baggage car a van. But styles of car introduced into England from America are called cars; as, tram car. Pullman car. See Train.

3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor, dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic].

The gilded car of day. Milton.

The towering car, the sable steeds. Tennyson.

4. (Astron.) The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the Dipper.

The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car. Dryden.

5. The cage of a lift or elevator.

6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a balloon to contain passengers, ballast, etc.

7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.]

Car coupling, or Car coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting the cars in a railway train. [U. S.] -- Dummy car (Railroad), a car containing its own steam power or locomotive. -- Freight car (Railrood), a car for the transportation of merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] -- Hand car (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand, used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] -- Horse car, or Street car, an omnibus car, draw by horses or other power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.] -- Palace car, Drawing-room car, Sleeping car, Parlor car, etc. (Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished for the comfort of travelers.

Car"a*bid (?), a. (Zo÷l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the genus Carabus or family CarabidŠ. -- n. One of the CarabidŠ, a family of active insectivorous beetles.

Car"a*bine (?), n. (Mil.) A carbine.

Car`a*bi*neer" (?), n. A carbineer.

Car"a*boid (?), a. [Carabus + -oid.] (Zo÷l.) Like, or pertaining to the genus Carabus.

||Car"a*bus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a horned beetle.] (Zo÷l.) A genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They devour many injurious insects.

Car"ac (?), n. See Carack.

Car"a*cal (?), n. [F. caracal, fr. Turk garahgootag; garah black + goofag ear.] (Zo÷l.) A lynx (Felis, or Lynx, caracal.) It is a native of Africa and Asia. Its ears are black externally, and tipped with long black hairs.

Ca`ra*ca"ra (kń`r&adot;kń"r&adot;), n. (Zo÷l.) A south American bird of several species and genera, resembling both the eagles and the vultures. The caracaras act as scavengers, and are also called carrion buzzards.

&fist; The black caracara is Ibycter ater; the chimango is Milvago chimango; the Brazilian is Polyborus Braziliensis.

Car"ack (?), n. [F. caraque (cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca, It. caracca.), LL. carraca, fr. L. carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. qorqūr (pl. qarāqir) a carack.] (Naut.) A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards and Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon. [Spelt also carrack.]

The bigger whale like some huge carrack lay. Waller.

Car"a*cole (?), n. [F. caracole, caracol, fr. Sp. caracol snail, winding staircase, a wheeling about.]

1. (Man.) A half turn which a horseman makes, either to the right or the left.

2. (Arch.) A staircase in a spiral form.

||En caracole (&?;) [F.], spiral; -- said of a staircase.

Car"a*cole (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caracoled (?).] [Cf. F. caracoler.] (Man.) To move in a caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.

Prince John caracoled within the lists. Sir W. Scott.

Car"a*col`y (?), n. An alloy of gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior quality of jewelry is made.

{ Car"a*core (?), Car"a*co`ra (?) }, n. [Malay kurakura.] A light vessel or proa used by the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in the East Indies.

||Ca*rafe" (?), n. [F.] A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also croft.

{ Car"a*geen` or Car"a*gheen` } (?), n. See Carrageen.

Ca`ram*bo"la (?), n. (Bot.) An East Indian tree (Averrhoa Carambola), and its acid, juicy fruit; called also Coromandel gooseberry.

Car"a*mel (?), n. [F. caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo), LL. canna mellis, cannamella, canamella, calamellus mellitus, sugar cane, from or confused with L. canna reed + mel, mellis, honey. See Cane.] 1. (Chem.) Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring spirits, gravies, etc.

2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and flavor.

Ca*ran"goid (?), a. [Caranx + -oid.] (Zo÷l.) Belonging to the CarangidŠ, a family of fishes allied to the mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the pilot fish.

||Ca"ranx (kā"ră&nsm;ks), n. (Zo÷l.) A genus of fishes, common on the Atlantic coast, including the yellow or golden mackerel.

Car"a*pace (kăr"&adot;*pās), n. [F.] (Zo÷l.) The thick shell or shield which covers the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other crustaceous animals.

||Ca`ra*pa"to (kń`r&adot;*pń"t&osl;), n. [Pg. carrapato.] (Zo÷l.) A south American tick of the genus Amblyomma. There are several species, very troublesome to man and beast.

Car"a*pax (?), n. (Zo÷l.) See Carapace.

Car"at (kăr"ăt), n. [F. carat (cf. It. carato, OPg. quirate, Pg. & Sp. quilate), Ar. qīrāt bean or pea shell, a weight of four grains, a carat, fr. Gr. kera`tion a little horn, the fruit of the carob tree, a weight, a carat. See Horn.] 1. The weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.

&fist; The carat equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called carat grains. Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually, by carat grains. Tiffany.

2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in estimating the proportionate fineness of gold.

&fist; A mass of metal is said to be so many carats fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 carats fine (goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of silver.

Car"a*van (kăr"&adot;*văn or kăr*&adot;*văn"; 277), n. [F. caravane (cf. Sp. caravana), fr. Per. karwān a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. Van a wagon.] 1. A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or Africa.

2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant show, as of wild beasts.

3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted into van.

Car`a*van*eer" (?), n. [Cf. F. caravanier.] The leader or driver of the camels in caravan.

Car`a*van"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Caravansaries (#). [F. caravansÚrai, fr. Per. karwānsarā´; karwān caravan + -sarā´ palace, large house, inn.] A kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being a large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court. [Written also caravanserai and caravansera.]

Car"a*vel (kăr"&adot;*v&ebreve;l), n. [F. caravelle (cf. It. caravella, Sp. carabela), fr. Sp. caraba a kind of vessel, fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat, fr. Gr. ka`rabos a kind of light ship, NGr. kara`bi ship, vessel.] [written also carvel and caravelle.] (Naut.) A name given to several kinds of vessels. (a) The caravel of the 16th century was a small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow poop, four masts, and lateen sails. Columbus commanded three caravels on his great voyage. (b) A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden. (c) A small fishing boat used on the French coast. (d) A Turkish man-of- war.

Car"a*way (kăr"&adot;*w&asl;), n. [F. carvi (cf. Sp. carvi and al-caravea, al-carahueya, Pg. al-caravia) fr. Ar. karawīā, karwīā fr. Gr. ka`ron; cf. L. careum.] 1. (Bot.) A biennial plant of the Parsley family (Carum Carui). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery, and also in medicine as a carminative.

2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway seeds.

Caraways, or biscuits, or some other [comfits]. Cogan.

Car*bam"ic (kńr*băm"&ibreve;k), a. [Carbon + amido.] (Chem.) Pertaining to an acid so called.

Carbamic acid (Chem.), an amido acid, NH2.CO2H, not existing in the free state, but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium carbonate; -- called also amido formic acid.

Car*bam"ide (kńr*băm"&ibreve;d or -īd), n. [Carbonyl + amide.] (Chem.) The technical name for urea.

Car*bam"ine (kńr*băm"&ibreve;n or -ēd), n. (Chem.) An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical. The carbamines are liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable odor.

Car"ba*nil (?), n. [Carbonyl + aniline.] (Chem.) A mobile liquid, CO.N.C6H5, of pungent odor. It is the phenyl salt of isocyanic acid.

Car"ba*zol (?), n. [Carbon + azo + -ol.] (Chem.) A white crystallized substance, C12H8NH, derived from aniline and other amines.

Car*baz"o*tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a picrate.

Car`ba*zot"ic (?), a. [Carbon + azole.] Containing, or derived from, carbon and nitrogen.

Carbazotic acid (Chem.), picric acid. See under Picric.