Chapter 67

Au`then*tic"i*ty (&?;), n. [Cf. F. authenticité.] 1. The quality of being authentic or of established authority for truth and correctness.

2. Genuineness; the quality of being genuine or not corrupted from the original.

In later writers, especially those on the evidences of Christianity, authenticity is often restricted in its use to the first of the above meanings, and distinguished from qenuineness.

Au*then"tic*ly (&?;), adv. Authentically.

Au*then"tic*ness, n. The quality of being authentic; authenticity. [R.] Hammond.

Au*then"tics (&?;), n. (Ciwil Law) A collection of the Novels or New Constitutions of Justinian, by an anonymous author; -- so called on account of its authenticity. Bouvier.

Au"thor ("thr), n. [OE. authour, autour, OF. autor, F. auteur, fr. L. auctor, sometimes, but erroneously, written autor or author, fr. augere to increase, to produce. See Auction, n.] 1. The beginner, former, or first mover of anything; hence, the efficient cause of a thing; a creator; an originator.

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Eternal King; thee, Author of all being. Milton.

2. One who composes or writes a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.

The chief glory of every people arises from its authors. Johnson.

3. The editor of a periodical. [Obs.]

4. An informant. [Archaic] Chaucer.

Au"thor ("thr), v. t. 1. To occasion; to originate. [Obs.]

Such an overthrow . . . I have authored. Chapman.

2. To tell; to say; to declare. [Obs.]

More of him I dare not author. Massinger.

Au"thor*ess, n. A female author. Glover.

The word is not very much used, author being commonly applied to a female writer as well as to a male.

Au*tho"ri*al (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to an author. "The authorial &?;we.'" Hare.

Au"thor*ism ("thr*z'm), n. Authorship. [R.]

Au*thor"i*ta*tive (&?;), a. 1. Having, or proceeding from, due authority; entitled to obedience, credit, or acceptance; determinate; commanding.

The sacred functions of authoritative teaching. Barrow.

2. Having an air of authority; positive; dictatorial; peremptory; as, an authoritative tone.

The mock authoritative manner of the one, and the insipid mirth of the other. Swift.

-- Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ly, adv. -- Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ness, n.

Au*thor"i*ty (&?;), n.; pl. Authorities (&?;). [OE. autorite, auctorite, F. autorité, fr. L. auctoritas, fr. auctor. See Author, n.] 1. Legal or rightful power; a right to command or to act; power exercised buy a person in virtue of his office or trust; dominion; jurisdiction; authorization; as, the authority of a prince over subjects, and of parents over children; the authority of a court.

Thus can the demigod, Authority, Make us pay down for our offense. Shak.

By what authority doest thou these things ? Matt. xxi. 23.

2. Government; the persons or the body exercising power or command; as, the local authorities of the States; the military authorities. [Chiefly in the plural.]

3. The power derived from opinion, respect, or esteem; influence of character, office, or station, or mental or moral superiority, and the like; claim to be believed or obeyed; as, an historian of no authority; a magistrate of great authority.

4. That which, or one who, is claimed or appealed to in support of opinions, actions, measures, etc. Hence: (a) Testimony; witness. "And on that high authority had believed." Milton. (b) A precedent; a decision of a court, an official declaration, or an opinion, saying, or statement worthy to be taken as a precedent. (c) A book containing such a statement or opinion, or the author of the book. (d) Justification; warrant.

Wilt thou be glass wherein it shall discern Authority for sin, warrant for blame. Shak.

Au"thor*i`za*ble (&?;), a. [LL. authorisabilis.] Capable of being authorized. Hammond.

Au`thor*i*za"tion (&?;), n. [Cf. F. autorisation.] The act of giving authority or legal power; establishment by authority; sanction or warrant.

The authorization of laws. Motley.

A special authorization from the chief. Merivale.

Au"thor*ize (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Authorized (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Authorizing.] [OE. autorize, F. autoriser, fr. LL. auctorizare, authorisare. See Author.] 1. To clothe with authority, warrant, or legal power; to give a right to act; to empower; as, to authorize commissioners to settle a boundary.

2. To make legal; to give legal sanction to; to legalize; as, to authorize a marriage.

3. To establish by authority, as by usage or public opinion; to sanction; as, idioms authorized by usage.

4. To sanction or confirm by the authority of some one; to warrant; as, to authorize a report.

A woman's story at a winter's fire, Authorized by her grandam. Shak.

5. To justify; to furnish a ground for. Locke.

To authorize one's self, to rely for authority. [Obs.]

Authorizing himself, for the most part, upon other histories. Sir P. Sidney.

Au"thor*ized (&?;), a. 1. Possessed of or endowed with authority; as, an authorized agent.

2. Sanctioned by authority.

The Authorized Version of the Bible is the English translation of the Bible published in 1611 under sanction of King James I. It was "appointed to be read in churches," and has been the accepted English Bible. The Revised Version was published in a complete form in 1855.

Au"thor*i`zer (&?;), n. One who authorizes.

Au"thor*less, a. Without an author; without authority; anonymous.

Au"thor*ly, a. Authorial. [R.] Cowper.

Au"thor*ship, n. 1. The quality or state of being an author; function or dignity of an author.

2. Source; origin; origination; as, the authorship of a book or review, or of an act, or state of affairs.

Au"tho*type (&?;), n. A type or block containing a facsimile of an autograph. Knight.

Au"to- (&?;). [Gr. &?; self.] A combining form, with the meaning of self, one's self, one's own, itself, its own.

Au`to*bi*og"ra*pher (&?;), n. [Auto- + biographer.] One who writers his own life or biography.

{ Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic (&?;), Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al (&?;), } a. Pertaining to, or containing, autobiography; as, an autobiographical sketch. "Such traits of the autobiographic sort." Carlyle. -- Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Au`to*bi*og"ra*phist (&?;), n. One who writes his own life; an autobiographer. [R.]

Au`to*bi*og"ra*phy (&?;), n.; pl. Autobiographies (&?;). [Auto- + biography.] A biography written by the subject of it; memoirs of one's life written by one's self.

{ Au`to*car"pous (&?;), Au`to*car"pi*an (&?;), } a. [Auto- + Gr. karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.) Consisting of the ripened pericarp with no other parts adnate to it, as a peach, a poppy capsule, or a grape.

Au`to*ceph"a*lous (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; independent; &?; self + &?; head.] (Eccl. Hist.) Having its own head; independent of episcopal or patriarchal jurisdiction, as certain Greek churches.

Au`to*chron"o*graph (&?;), n. [Auto- + chronograph.] An instrument for the instantaneous self- recording or printing of time. Knight.

Au*toch"thon (&?;), n.; pl. E. Authochthons (&?;), L. Autochthones (&?;). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, pl. &?;, from the land itself; a'yto`s self + &?; earth, land.] 1. One who is supposed to rise or spring from the ground or the soil he inhabits; one of the original inhabitants or aborigines; a native; -- commonly in the plural. This title was assumed by the ancient Greeks, particularly the Athenians.

2. That which is original to a particular country, or which had there its origin.

{ Au*toch"tho*nal (&?;), Au`thoch*thon"ic (&?;), Au*toch"tho*nous (&?;), } a. Aboriginal; indigenous; native.

Au*toch"tho*nism (&?;), n. The state of being autochthonal.

Au*toch"tho*ny, n. An aboriginal or autochthonous condition.

Au"to*clave (&?;), n. [F., fr. Gr. a'yto`s self + L. clavis key.] A kind of French stewpan with a steam-tight lid. Knight.

Au*toc"ra*cy (&?;), n.; pl. Autocracies. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. autocratie. See Autocrat.] 1. Independent or self-derived power; absolute or controlling authority; supremacy.

The divine will moves, not by the external impulse or inclination of objects, but determines itself by an absolute autocracy. South.

2. Supreme, uncontrolled, unlimited authority, or right of governing in a single person, as of an autocrat.

3. Political independence or absolute sovereignty (of a state); autonomy. Barlow.

4. (Med.) The action of the vital principle, or of the instinctive powers, toward the preservation of the individual; also, the vital principle. [In this sense, written also autocrasy.] Dunglison.

Au"to*crat (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; self + &?; strength, &?; strong: cf. F. autocrate. See Hard, a.] 1. An absolute sovereign; a monarch who holds and exercises the powers of government by claim of absolute right, not subject to restriction; as, Autocrat of all the Russias (a title of the Czar).

2. One who rules with undisputed sway in any company or relation; a despot.

The autocrat of the breakfast table. Holmes.

{ Au`to*crat"ic (&?;), Au`to*crat"ic*al (&?;), } a. Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government. -- Au`to*crat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Au*toc"ra*tor (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;.] An autocrat. [Archaic]

Au`to*cra*tor"ic*al (&?;), a. Pertaining to an autocrator; absolute. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

||Au*toc"ra*trix (&?;), n. [NL.] A female sovereign who is independent and absolute; -- a title given to the empresses of Russia.

Au"to*crat*ship (&?;), n. The office or dignity of an autocrat.

||Au"to-da-fé" (&?;), n.; pl. Autos-da-fé (&?;). [Pg., act of the faith; auto act, fr. L. actus + da of the + fé faith, fr. L. fides.] 1. A judgment of the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal condemning or acquitting persons accused of religious offenses.

2. An execution of such sentence, by the civil power, esp. the burning of a heretic. It was usually held on Sunday, and was made a great public solemnity by impressive forms and ceremonies.

3. A session of the court of Inquisition.

||Au"to-de-fe" (&?;), n.; pl. Autos-de-fe. [Sp., act of faith.] Same as Auto- da-fé.

Au"to*di*dact` (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; self- taught.] One who is self-taught; an automath.

Au`to*dy*nam"ic (&?;), a. [Auto- + dynamic.] Supplying its own power; -- applied to an instrument of the nature of a water-ram.

Au`to*fec`un*da"tion (&?;), n. [Auto- + fecundation.] (Biol.) Self-impregnation. Darwin.

Au*tog"a*mous (&?;), a. (Bot.) Characterized by autogamy; self-fertilized.

Au*tog"a*my (&?;), n. [Auto- + Gr. &?; marriage.] (Bot.) Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen being derived from the same blossom as the pistil acted upon.

Au`to*ge"ne*al (&?;), a. Self-produced; autogenous.

||Au`to*gen"e*sis (&?;), n. [Auto- + genesis.] (Biol.) Spontaneous generation.

Au`to*ge*net"ic (&?;), a. (Biol.) Relating to autogenesis; self-generated.

Au*tog"e*nous (&?;), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; self + root of &?; to be born.] 1. (Biol.) Self- generated; produced independently.

2. (Anat.) Developed from an independent center of ossification. Owen.

Autogenous soldering, the junction by fusion of the joining edges of metals without the intervention of solder.

Au*tog"e*nous*ly (&?;), adv. In an autogenous manner; spontaneously.

Au"to*graph (&?;), n. [F. autographe, fr. Gr. &?; autographic; &?; self + &?; to write.] That which is written with one's own hand; an original manuscript; a person's own signature or handwriting.

Au"to*graph (&?;), a. In one's own handwriting; as, an autograph letter; an autograph will.

Au*tog"ra*phal (&?;), a. Autographic. [Obs.]

{ Au`to*graph"ic (&?;), Au`to*graph"ic*al (&?;), } a. 1. Pertaining to an autograph, or one's own handwriting; of the nature of an autograph.

2. Pertaining to, or used in, the process of autography; as, autographic ink, paper, or press.

Au*tog"ra*phy (&?;), n. [Cf. F. autographie.] 1. The science of autographs; a person's own handwriting; an autograph.

2. A process in lithography by which a writing or drawing is transferred from paper to stone. Ure.

Au*tol"a*try (&?;), n. [Auto- + Gr. &?; worship.] Self-worship. Farrar.

Au"to*math (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; self + &?;, &?;, to learn.] One who is self-taught. [R.] Young.

{ Au`to*mat"ic (&?;), Au`to*mat"ic*al (&?;), } a. [Cf. F. automatique. See Automaton.] 1. Having an inherent power of action or motion.

Nothing can be said to be automatic. Sir H. Davy.

2. Pertaining to, or produced by, an automaton; of the nature of an automaton; self-acting or self-regulating under fixed conditions; -- esp. applied to machinery or devices in which certain things formerly or usually done by hand are done by the machine or device itself; as, the automatic feed of a lathe; automatic gas lighting; an automatic engine or switch; an automatic mouse.

3. Not voluntary; not depending on the will; mechanical; as, automatic movements or functions.

Unconscious or automatic reasoning. H. Spenser.

Automatic arts, such economic arts or manufacture as are carried on by self-acting machinery. Ure.

Au`to*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In an automatic manner.

Au*tom"a*tism (&?;), n. The state or quality of being automatic; the power of self-moving; automatic, mechanical, or involuntary action. (Metaph.) A theory as to the activity of matter.

Au*tom"a*ton (&?;), n.; pl. L. Automata (&?;), E. Automatons (&?;). [L. fr. Gr. &?;, neut. of &?; self-moving; &?; self + a root ma, man, to strive, think, cf. &?; to strive. See Mean, v. i.] 1. Any thing or being regarded as having the power of spontaneous motion or action. Huxley.

So great and admirable an automaton as the world. Boyle.

These living automata, human bodies. Boyle.

2. A self-moving machine, or one which has its motive power within itself; -- applied chiefly to machines which appear to imitate spontaneously the motions of living beings, such as men, birds, etc.

Au*tom"a*tous (&?;), a. [L. automatus, Gr. &?;. See Automaton.] Automatic. [Obs.] "Automatous organs." Sir T. Browne.

Au`to*mor"phic (&?;), a. [Auto- + Gr. &?; for, shape.] Patterned after one's self.

The conception which any one frames of another's mind is more or less after the pattern of his own mind, -- is automorphic. H. Spenser.

Au`to*mor"phism (&?;), n. Automorphic characterization. H. Spenser.

Au`to*nom"a*sy (&?;), n. [Auto- + Gr. &?; a name, fr. &?; a name; or for E. antonomasia.] (Rhet.) The use of a word of common or general signification for the name of a particular thing; as, "He has gone to town," for, "He has gone to London."

Au`to*nom"ic (&?;), a. Having the power of self-government; autonomous. Hickok.

Au"ton"o*mist (&?;), n. [Cf. F. automiste. See Autonomy.] One who advocates autonomy.

Au*ton"o*mous (&?;), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; self + &?; to assign, hold, sway.] 1. Independent in government; having the right or power of self-government.

2. (Biol.) Having independent existence or laws.

Au*ton"o*my (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. autonomie. See Autonomous.] 1. The power or right of self-government; self-government, or political independence, of a city or a state.

2. (Metaph.) The sovereignty of reason in the sphere of morals; or man's power, as possessed of reason, to give law to himself. In this, according to Kant, consist the true nature and only possible proof of liberty. Fleming.

||Au*toph"a*gi (&?;), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; self + &?; to eat.] (Zoöl.) Birds which are able to run about and obtain their own food as soon as hatched.

Au*toph"o*by (&?;), n. [Auto- + Gr. &?; fear.] Fear of one's self; fear of being egotistical. [R.] Hare.

Au*toph"o*ny (&?;), n. [Auto- + Gr. &?; a sound.] (Med.) An auscultatory process, which consists in noting the tone of the observer's own voice, while he speaks, holding his head close to the patient's chest. Dunglison.

Au`to*plas"tic (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to autoplasty.

Au"to*plas`ty (&?;), n. [Auto- + - plasty.] (Surg.) The process of artificially repairing lesions by taking a piece of healthy tissue, as from a neighboring part, to supply the deficiency caused by disease or wounds.

{ Au*top"sic (&?;), Au*top"sic*al (&?;), } a. Pertaining to autopsy; autoptical. [Obs.]

Au*top"so*rin (&?;), n. [Auto- + Gr. &?; the itch.] (Med.) That which is given under the doctrine of administering a patient's own virus.

Au"top*sy (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; seen by one's self; &?; self + &?; seen: cf. F. autopsie. See Optic, a.] 1. Personal observation or examination; seeing with one's own eyes; ocular view.

By autopsy and experiment. Cudworth.

2. (Med.) Dissection of a dead body, for the purpose of ascertaining the cause, seat, or nature of a disease; a post- mortem examination.

{ Au*top"tic (*tp"tk), Au*top"tic*al (-tk*al), } a. [Gr. a'ytoptiko`s: cf. F. autoptique.] Seen with one's own eyes; belonging to, or connected with, personal observation; as, autoptic testimony or experience.

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Au*top"tic*al*ly (*tp"t*kal*l), adv. By means of ocular view, or one's own observation. Sir T. Browne.

{ Au`to*sche`di*as"tic (`t*sk`d*s"tk), Au`to*sche`di*as"tic*al (-s"t*kal), } a. [Auto- + Gr. schedia`zein to do hastily. See Schediasm.] Extemporary; offhand. [R.] Dean Martin.

Au`to*styl"ic (&?;), a. [Auto- + Gr. sty^los pillar.] (Anat.) Having the mandibular arch articulated directly to the cranium, as in the skulls of the Amphibia.

Au"to*the`ism (&?;), n. [Auto- + theism.] 1. The doctrine of God's self- existence. [R.]

2. Deification of one's self; self-worship. [R.]

Au"to*the`ist, n. One given to self- worship. [R.]

Au"to*type (&?;), n. [Auto- + - type: cf. F. autotype.] 1. A facsimile.

2. A photographic picture produced in sensitized pigmented gelatin by exposure to light under a negative; and subsequent washing out of the soluble parts; a kind of picture in ink from a gelatin plate.

Au`to*ty*pog"ra*phy (&?;), n. [Auto- + typography.] A process resembling "nature printing," by which drawings executed on gelatin are impressed into a soft metal plate, from which the printing is done as from copperplate.

Au*tot"y*py (&?;), n. The art or process of making autotypes.

Au"tumn (&?;), n. [L. auctumnus, autumnus, perh. fr. a root av to satisfy one's self: cf. F. automne. See Avarice.] 1. The third season of the year, or the season between summer and winter, often called "the fall." Astronomically, it begins in the northern temperate zone at the autumnal equinox, about September 23, and ends at the winter solstice, about December 23; but in popular language, autumn, in America, comprises September, October, and November.

In England, according to Johnson, autumn popularly comprises August, September, and October. In the southern hemisphere, the autumn corresponds to our spring.

2. The harvest or fruits of autumn. Milton.

3. The time of maturity or decline; latter portion; third stage.

Dr. Preston was now entering into the autumn of the duke's favor. Fuller.

Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge. Wordsworth.

Au*tum"nal (&?;), a. [L. auctumnalis, autumnalis: cf. F. automnal.] 1. Of, belonging to, or peculiar to, autumn; as, an autumnal tint; produced or gathered in autumn; as, autumnal fruits; flowering in autumn; as, an autumnal plant.

Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks In Vallombrosa. Milton.

2. Past the middle of life; in the third stage.

An autumnal matron. Hawthorne.

Autumnal equinox, the time when the sun crosses the equator, as it proceeds southward, or when it passes the autumnal point. -- Autumnal point, the point of the equator intersected by the ecliptic, as the sun proceeds southward; the first point of Libra. -- Autumnal signs, the signs Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius, through which the sun passes between the autumnal equinox and winter solstice.

Aux`a*nom"e*ter (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; to cause to increase + -meter.] An instrument to measure the growth of plants. Goodale.

||Aux*e"sis (&?;), n. [NL., Gr. &?; increase, fr. &?;, &?;, to increase.] (Rhet.) A figure by which a grave and magnificent word is put for the proper word; amplification; hyperbole.

Aux*et"ic (&?;), a. [Gr. &?;.] Pertaining to, or containing, auxesis; amplifying.

Aux*il"iar (?; 106), a. [L. auxiliaris: cf. F. auxiliaire. See Auxiliary.] Auxiliary. [Archaic]

The auxiliar troops and Trojan hosts appear. Pope.

Aux*il"iar, n. An auxiliary. [Archaic] Milton.

Aux*il"iar*ly, adv. By way of help. Harris.

Aux*il"ia*ry (?; 106), a. [L. auxiliarius, fr. auxilium help, aid, fr. augere to increase.] Conferring aid or help; helping; aiding; assisting; subsidiary; as auxiliary troops.

Auxiliary scales (Mus.), the scales of relative or attendant keys. See under Attendant, a. -- Auxiliary verbs (Gram.). See Auxiliary, n., 3.

Aux*il"ia*ry, n.; pl. Auxiliaries (&?;). 1. A helper; an assistant; a confederate in some action or enterprise.

2. (Mil.) pl. Foreign troops in the service of a nation at war; (rarely in sing.), a member of the allied or subsidiary force.

3. (Gram.) A verb which helps to form the voices, modes, and tenses of other verbs; -- called, also, an auxiliary verb; as, have, be, may, can, do, must, shall, and will, in English; être and avoir, in French; avere and essere, in Italian; estar and haber, in Spanish.

4. (Math.) A quantity introduced for the purpose of simplifying or facilitating some operation, as in equations or trigonometrical formulæ. Math. Dict.

Aux*il"ia*to*ry (&?;), a. Auxiliary; helping. [Obs.]

||A"va (&?;), n. Same as Kava. Johnston.

Av`a*da*vat" (&?;), n. Same as Amadavat.

A*vail" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Availed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Availing.] [OE. availen, fr. F. &?; (L. ad) + valoir to be worth, fr. L. valere to be strong, to be worth. See Valiant.] 1. To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit; to benefit; to help; as, artifices will not avail the sinner in the day of judgment.

O, what avails me now that honor high ! Milton.

2. To promote; to assist. [Obs.] Pope.

To avail one's self of, to make use of; take advantage of.

Then shall they seek to avail themselves of names. Milton.

I have availed myself of the very first opportunity. Dickens.

A*vail", v. i. To be of use or advantage; to answer the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; as, the plea in bar must avail, that is, be sufficient to defeat the suit; this scheme will not avail; medicines will not avail to check the disease. "What signs avail ?" Milton.

Words avail very little with me, young man. Sir W. Scott.

A*vail" (&?;), n. 1. Profit; advantage toward success; benefit; value; as, labor, without economy, is of little avail.

The avail of a deathbed repentance. Jer. Taylor.

2. pl. Proceeds; as, the avails of a sale by auction.

The avails of their own industry. Stoddard.

Syn. -- Use; benefit; utility; profit; service.

A*vail", v. t. & i. See Avale, v. [Obs.] Spenser.

A*vail`a*bil"i*ty (&?;), n.; pl. Availabilities (&?;). 1. The quality of being available; availableness.

The word is sometimes used derogatively in the sense of "mere availableness," or capability of success without regard to worthiness.

He was . . . nominated for his availability. Lowell.

2. That which is available.

A*vail"a*ble (&?;), a. 1. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, for the object; effectual; valid; as, an available plea. [Obs.]

Laws human are available by consent. Hooker.

2. Such as one may avail one's self of; capable of being used for the accomplishment of a purpose; usable; profitable; advantageous; convertible into a resource; as, an available measure; an available candidate.

Struggling to redeem, as he did, the available months and days out of so many that were unavailable. Carlyle.

Having no available funds with which to pay the calls on new shares. H. Spenser.

A*vail"a*ble*ness, n. 1. Competent power; validity; efficacy; as, the availableness of a title. [Obs.]

2. Quality of being available; capability of being used for the purpose intended. Sir M. Hale.

A*vail"a*bly, adv. In an available manner; profitably; advantageously; efficaciously.