Chapter 54

Ar"rack (?; 277), n. [Ar. araq sweat, juice, spirituous liquor, fr. araqa to sweat. Cf. Rack arrack.] A name in the East Indies and the Indian islands for all ardent spirits. Arrack is often distilled from a fermented mixture of rice, molasses, and palm wine of the cocoanut tree or the date palm, etc.

Ar*rag"o*nite (&?;), n. See Aragonite.

Ar*raign" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arraigned (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Arraigning.] [OE. arainen, arenen, OF. aragnier, aranier, araisnier, F. arraisonner, fr. LL. arrationare to address to call before court; L. ad + ratio reason, reasoning, LL. cause, judgment. See Reason.] 1. (Law) To call or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the matter charged in an indictment or complaint. Blackstone.

2. To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of reason, taste, or any other tribunal.

They will not arraign you for want of knowledge. Dryden.

It is not arrogance, but timidity, of which the Christian body should now be arraigned by the world. I. Taylor.

Syn. -- To accuse; impeach; charge; censure; criminate; indict; denounce. See Accuse.

Ar*raign", n. Arraignment; as, the clerk of the arraigns. Blackstone. Macaulay.

Ar*raign" (&?;), v. t. [From OF. aramier, fr. LL. adhramire.] (Old Eng. Law) To appeal to; to demand; as, to arraign an assize of novel disseizin.

Ar*raign"er (&?;), n. One who arraigns. Coleridge.

Ar*raign"ment (&?;), n. [Cf. OF. arraynement, aresnement.] 1. (Law) The act of arraigning, or the state of being arraigned; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before a court to answer to an indictment or complaint.

2. A calling to an account to faults; accusation.

In the sixth satire, which seems only an Arraignment of the whole sex, there is a latent admonition. Dryden.

Ar*rai"ment, Ar*ray"ment (&?;), n. [From Array, v. t.] Clothes; raiment. [Obs.]

Ar*range" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arranged; p. pr. & vb. n. Arranging (&?;).] [OE. arayngen, OF. arengier, F. arranger, fr. a (L. ad) + OF. rengier, rangier, F. ranger. See Range, v. t.] 1. To put in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose; as, troops arranged for battle.

So [they] came to the market place, and there he arranged his men in the streets. Berners.

[They] were beginning to arrange their hampers. Boswell.

A mechanism previously arranged. Paley.

2. To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine; as, to arrange the preliminaries of an undertaking.

Syn. -- Adjust; adapt; range; dispose; classify.

Ar*range"ment (&?;), n. [Cf. F. arrangement.] 1. The act of arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state of being arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form.

2. The manner or result of arranging; system of parts disposed in due order; regular and systematic classification; as, arrangement of one's dress; the Linnæan arrangement of plants.

3. Preparatory proceeding or measure; preparation; as, we have made arrangement for receiving company.

4. Settlement; adjustment by agreement; as, the parties have made an arrangement between themselves concerning their disputes; a satisfactory arrangement.

5. (Mus.) (a) The adaptation of a composition to voices or instruments for which it was not originally written. (b) A piece so adapted; a transcription; as, a pianoforte arrangement of Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral arrangement of a song, an opera, or the like.

Ar*ran"ger (&?;), n. One who arranges. Burke.

Ar"rant (&?;), a. [OE. erraunt, errant, errand, equiv. to E. errant wandering, which was first applied to vagabonds, as an errant rogue, an errant thief, and hence passed gradually into its present and worse sense. See Errant.] Notoriously or preëminently bad; thorough or downright, in a bad sense; shameless; unmitigated; as, an arrant rogue or coward.

I discover an arrant laziness in my soul. Fuller.

2. Thorough or downright, in a good sense. [Obs.]

An arrant honest woman. Burton.

Ar"rant*ly, adv. Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully. L'Estrange.

Ar"ras (&?;), n. [From Arras the capital of Artois, in the French Netherlands.] Tapestry; a rich figured fabric; especially, a screen or hangings of heavy cloth with interwoven figures.

Stateliest couches, with rich arras spread. Cowper.

Behind the arras I'll convey myself. Shak.

Ar"ras, v. t. To furnish with an arras. Chapman.

Ar`ras*ene" (&?;), n. [From Arras.] A material of wool or silk used for working the figures in embroidery.

||Ar*ras"tre (&?;), n. [Sp.] A rude apparatus for pulverizing ores, esp. those containing free gold.

Ar"ras*wise` (&?;), Ar"ras*ways`, adv. [Prob. a corruption of arriswise. See Arris.] Placed in such a position as to exhibit the top and two sides, the corner being in front; -- said of a rectangular form. Encyc. Brit. Cussans.

Ar*raught" (&?;). [The past tense of an old v. areach or arreach. Cf. Reach, obs. pret. raught.] Obtained; seized. Spenser.

Ar*ray" (&?;), n. [OE. arai, arrai, OF. arrai, arrei, arroi, order, arrangement, dress, F. arroi; a (L. ad) + OF. rai, rei, roi, order, arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. raidjan, garaidjan, to arrange, MHG. gereiten, Icel. reiði rigging, harness; akin to E. ready. Cf. Ready, Greith, Curry.] 1. Order; a regular and imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order of battle; as, drawn up in battle array.

Wedged together in the closest array. Gibbon.

2. The whole body of persons thus placed in order; an orderly collection; hence, a body of soldiers.

A gallant array of nobles and cavaliers. Prescott.

3. An imposing series of things.

Their long array of sapphire and of gold. Byron.

4. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person; rich or beautiful apparel. Dryden.

5. (Law) (a) A ranking or setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a jury as impaneled in a cause. (b) The panel itself. (c) The whole body of jurors summoned to attend the court.

To challenge the array (Law), to except to the whole panel. Cowell. Tomlins. Blount. -- Commission of array (Eng. Hist.), a commission given by the prince to officers in every county, to muster and array the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war. Blackstone.

Ar*ray", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrayed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Arraying.] [OE. araien, arraien, fr. OE. arraier, arreier, arreer, arroier, fr. arrai. See Array, n.] 1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle; to marshal.

By torch and trumpet fast arrayed, Each horseman drew his battle blade. Campbell.

These doubts will be arrayed before their minds. Farrar.

2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth to envelop; -- applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind.

Pharaoh . . . arrayed him in vestures of fine linen. Gen. xli.&?;.

In gelid caves with horrid gloom arrayed. Trumbull.

3. (Law) To set in order, as a jury, for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man. Blackstone.

To array a panel, to set forth in order the men that are impaneled. Cowell. Tomlins.

Syn. -- To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order.

Ar*ray"er, n. One who arrays. In some early English statutes, applied to an officer who had care of the soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly accoutered.

Ar*rear" (&?;), adv. [OE. arere, OF. arere, ariere, F. arrière, fr. L. ad + retro backward. See Rear.] To or in the rear; behind; backwards. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ar*rear", n. That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid, though due; esp. a remainder, or balance which remains due when some part has been paid; arrearage; -- commonly used in the plural, as, arrears of rent, wages, or taxes. Locke.

For much I dread due payment by the Greeks Of yesterday's arrear. Cowper.

I have a large arrear of letters to write. J. D. Forbes.

In arrear or In arrears, behind; backward; behindhand; in debt.

Ar*rear"age (&?;), n. [F. arrérage, fr. arrière, OF. arere. See Arrear.] That which remains unpaid and overdue, after payment of a part; arrears.

The old arrearages . . . being defrayed. Howell.

{ Ar*rect" (&?;), Ar*rect"ed, } a. [L. arrectus, p. p. of arrigere to raise, erect; ad + regere to lead straight, to direct.] 1. Lifted up; raised; erect.

2. Attentive, as a person listening. [Obs.]

God speaks not the idle and unconcerned hearer, but to the vigilant and arrect. Smalridge.

Ar*rect", v. t. 1. To direct. [Obs.]

My supplication to you I arrect. Skelton.

2. [See Aret.] To impute. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Ar*rect"a*ry (&?;), n. [L. arrectarius, fr. arrigere o set up.] An upright beam. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Ar`re*not"o*kous (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; bearing males; &?; a male + &?; a bringing forth.] (Zoöl.) Producing males from unfertilized eggs, as certain wasps and bees.

Ar`ren*ta"tion (&?;). [Cf. F. arrenter to give or take as rent. See Arendator.] (O. Eng. Law) A letting or renting, esp. a license to inclose land in a forest with a low hedge and a ditch, under a yearly rent.

Ar*rep"tion (&?;), n. [L. arripere, arreptum, to seize, snatch; ad + rapere to snatch. See Rapacious.] The act of taking away. [Obs.] "This arreption was sudden." Bp. Hall.

Ar`rep*ti"tious (&?;), a. [L. arreptitius.] Snatched away; seized or possessed, as a demoniac; raving; mad; crack-brained. [Obs.]

Odd, arreptitious, frantic extravagances. Howell.

Ar*rest" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrested; p. pr. & vb. n. Arresting.] [OE. aresten, OF. arester, F. arrêter, fr. LL. arrestare; L. ad + restare to remain, stop; re + stare to stand. See Rest remainder.] 1. To stop; to check or hinder the motion or action of; as, to arrest the current of a river; to arrest the senses.

Nor could her virtues the relentless hand Of Death arrest. Philips.

2. (Law) To take, seize, or apprehend by authority of law; as, to arrest one for debt, or for a crime.

After this word Shakespeare uses of ("I arrest thee of high treason") or on; the modern usage is for.

3. To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; as, to arrest the eyes or attention. Buckminster.

4. To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate. [Obs.]

We may arrest our thoughts upon the divine mercies. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop; apprehend; seize; lay hold of.

Ar*rest", v. i. To tarry; to rest. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ar*rest", n. [OE. arest, arrest, OF. arest, F. arrêt, fr. arester. See Arrest, v. t., Arr&?;t.] 1. The act of stopping, or restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance; restraint; as, an arrest of development.

As the arrest of the air showeth. Bacon.

2. (Law) The taking or apprehending of a person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a decree, mandate, or warrant.

William . . . ordered him to be put under arrest. Macaulay.

[Our brother Norway] sends out arrests On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys. Shak.

An arrest may be made by seizing or touching the body; but it is sufficient in the party be within the power of the officer and submit to the arrest. In Admiralty law, and in old English practice, the term is applied to the seizure of property.

3. Any seizure by power, physical or moral.

The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep, etc., . . . were sad arrests to his troubled spirit. Jer. Taylor.

4. (Far.) A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse; -- also named rat-tails. White.

Arrest of judgment (Law), the staying or stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal cause. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in arrest of judgment.

Ar`res*ta"tion (&?;), n. [F. arrestation, LL. arrestatio.] Arrest. [R.]

The arrestation of the English resident in France was decreed by the National Convention. H. M. Williams.

Ar`res*tee" (&?;), n. [See Arrest, v.] (Scots Law) The person in whose hands is the property attached by arrestment.

Ar*rest"er (&?;), n. 1. One who arrests.

2. (Scots Law) The person at whose suit an arrestment is made. [Also written arrestor.]

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Ar*rest"ing (r*rst"ng), a. Striking; attracting attention; impressive.

This most solemn and arresting occurrence. J. H. Newman.

Ar*rest"ive (-v), a. Tending to arrest. McCosh.

Ar*rest"ment, n. [OF. arrestement.] 1. (Scots Law) The arrest of a person, or the seizure of his effects; esp., a process by which money or movables in the possession of a third party are attached.

2. A stoppage or check. Darwin.

||Ar*rêt (&?;), n. [F. See Arrest, n.] (F. Law) (a) A judgment, decision, or decree of a court or high tribunal; also, a decree of a sovereign. (b) An arrest; a legal seizure.

Ar*ret" (&?;), v. t. Same as Aret. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ar`rha*phos"tic (&?;), a. [Gr. &?;; 'a priv. + &?; to sew together.] Seamless. [R.]

{ Ar*rhi"zal (&?;), Ar*rhi"zous (&?;), } a. [Gr. &?; not rooted; 'a priv. + &?; a root.] (Bot.) Destitute of a true root, as a parasitical plant.

{ Ar*rhyth"mic (&?;), Ar*rhyth"mous (&?;), } a. [Gr. &?;; 'a priv. + &?; rhythm.] (Med.) Being without rhythm or regularity, as the pulse.

Ar"rhyt*my (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;; 'a priv. + &?; rhythm.] Want of rhythm. [R.]

Ar*ride" (&?;), v. t. [L. arridere; ad + ridere to laugh.] To please; to gratify. [Archaic] B. Jonson.

Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most arride and solace me are thy repositories of moldering learning. Lamb.

Ar*riere" (&?;), n. [F. arrière. See Arrear.] "That which is behind"; the rear; -- chiefly used as an adjective in the sense of behind, rear, subordinate.

Arriere fee, Arriere fief, a fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a feudatory. -- Arriere vassal, the vassal of a vassal.

Ar*riere"-ban` (&?;), n. [F., fr. OE. arban, heriban, fr. OHG. hariban, heriban, G. heerbann, the calling together of an army; OHG. heri an army + ban a public call or order. The French have misunderstood their old word, and have changed it into arrière-ban, though arrière has no connection with its proper meaning. See Ban, Abandon.] A proclamation, as of the French kings, calling not only their immediate feudatories, but the vassals of these feudatories, to take the field for war; also, the body of vassals called or liable to be called to arms, as in ancient France.

Ar"ris (&?;), n. [OF. areste, F. arête, fr. L. arista the top or beard of an ear of grain, the bone of a fish.] (Arch.) The sharp edge or salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether plane or curved; - - applied particularly to the edges in moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the flutings in a Doric column. P. Cyc.

Arris fillet, a triangular piece of wood used to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall, to throw off the rain. Gwilt. -- Arris gutter, a gutter of a V form fixed to the eaves of a building. Gwilt.

Ar"rish (&?;), n. [See Eddish.] The stubble of wheat or grass; a stubble field; eddish. [Eng.] [Written also arish, ersh, etc.]

The moment we entered the stubble or arrish. Blackw. Mag.

Ar"ris*wise` (&?;), adv. Diagonally laid, as tiles; ridgewise.

Ar*riv"al (&?;), n. [From Arrive.] 1. The act of arriving, or coming; the act of reaching a place from a distance, whether by water (as in its original sense) or by land.

Our watchmen from the towers, with longing eyes, Expect his swift arrival. Dryden.

2. The attainment or reaching of any object, by effort, or in natural course; as, our arrival at this conclusion was wholly unexpected.

3. The person or thing arriving or which has arrived; as, news brought by the last arrival.

Another arrival still more important was speedily announced. Macaulay.

4. An approach. [Obs.]

The house has a corner arrival. H. Walpole.

Ar*riv"ance (&?;), n. Arrival. [Obs.] Shak.

Ar*rive" (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Arrived (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Arriving.] [OE. ariven to arrive, land, OF. ariver, F. arriver, fr. LL. arripare, adripare, to come to shore; L. ad + ripa the shore or sloping bank of a river. Cf. Riparian.] 1. To come to the shore or bank. In present usage: To come in progress by water, or by traveling on land; to reach by water or by land; -- followed by at (formerly sometimes by to), also by in and from. "Arrived in Padua." Shak.

[Æneas] sailing with a fleet from Sicily, arrived . . . and landed in the country of Laurentum. Holland.

There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived at Ipswich. Macaulay.

2. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass an object by effort, practice, study, inquiry, reasoning, or experiment.

To arrive at, or attain to.

When he arrived at manhood. Rogers.

We arrive at knowledge of a law of nature by the generalization of facts. McCosh.

If at great things thou wouldst arrive. Milton.

3. To come; said of time; as, the time arrived.

4. To happen or occur. [Archaic]

Happy! to whom this glorious death arrives. Waller.

Ar*rive", v. t. 1. To bring to shore. [Obs.]

And made the sea-trod ship arrive them. Chapman.

2. To reach; to come to. [Archaic]

Ere he arrive the happy isle. Milton.

Ere we could arrive the point proposed. Shak.

Arrive at last the blessed goal. Tennyson.

Ar*rive", n. Arrival. [Obs.] Chaucer.

How should I joy of thy arrive to hear! Drayton.

Ar*riv"er (&?;), n. One who arrives.

||Ar*ro"ba (&?;), n. [Sp. and Pg., from Ar. arrub, ar-rubu, a fourth part.] 1. A Spanish weight used in Mexico and South America = 25.36 lbs. avoir.; also, an old Portuguese weight, used in Brazil = 32.38 lbs. avoir.

2. A Spanish liquid measure for wine = 3.54 imp. gallons, and for oil = 2.78 imp. gallons.

Ar"ro*gance (&?;), n. [F., fr. L. arrogantia, fr. arrogans. See Arrogant.] The act or habit of arrogating, or making undue claims in an overbearing manner; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation, or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others; lordliness; haughtiness; self-assumption; presumption.

I hate not you for her proud arrogance. Shak.

Syn. -- Haughtiness; hauteur; assumption; lordliness; presumption; pride; disdain; insolence; conceit; conceitedness. See Haughtiness.

Ar"ro*gan*cy (&?;), n. Arrogance. Shak.

Ar"ro*gant (&?;), a. [F. arrogant, L. arrogans, p. pr. of arrogare. See Arrogate.] 1. Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance; assuming; haughty; -- applied to persons.

Arrogant Winchester, that haughty prelate. Shak.

2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue claims or self-importance; -- applied to things; as, arrogant pretensions or behavior.

Syn. -- Magisterial; lordly; proud; assuming; overbearing; presumptuous; haughty. See Magisterial.

Ar"ro*gant*ly, adv. In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self-importance.

Ar"ro*gant*ness, n. Arrogance. [R.]

Ar"ro*gate (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrogated (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Arrogating (&?;).] [L. arrogatus, p. p. of adrogare, arrogare, to ask, appropriate to one's self; ad + rogare to ask. See Rogation.] To assume, or claim as one's own, unduly, proudly, or presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from vanity or baseless pretensions to right or merit; as, the pope arrogated dominion over kings.

He arrogated to himself the right of deciding dogmatically what was orthodox doctrine. Macaulay.

Ar`ro*ga"tion (&?;), n. [L. arrogatio, fr. arrogare. Cf. Adrogation.] 1. The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to. Hall.

2. (Civ. Law) Adoption of a person of full age.

Ar"ro*ga*tive (&?;), a. Making undue claims and pretension; prone to arrogance. [R.] Dr. H. More.

||Ar`ron`disse`ment" (&?;), n. [F., fr. arrondir to make round; ad + rond round, L. rotundus.] A subdivision of a department. [France]

The territory of France, since the revolution, has been divided into departments, those into arrondissements, those into cantons, and the latter into communes.

Ar*rose" (&?;), v. t. [F. arroser.] To drench; to besprinkle; to moisten. [Obs.]

The blissful dew of heaven does arrose you. Two N. Kins.

Ar*ro"sion (&?;), n. [L. arrodere, arrosum, to gnaw: cf. F. arrosion.] A gnawing. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ar"row (&?;), n. [OE. arewe, AS. arewe, earh; akin to Icel. ör, örvar, Goth. arhwazna, and perh. L. arcus bow. Cf. Arc.] A missile weapon of offense, slender, pointed, and usually feathered and barbed, to be shot from a bow.

Broad arrow. (a) An arrow with a broad head. (b) A mark placed upon British ordnance and government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad arrowhead.

Ar"row grass` (&?;), n. (Bot.) An herbaceous grasslike plant (Triglochin palustre, and other species) with pods opening so as to suggest barbed arrowheads.

Ar"row*head` (&?;), n. 1. The head of an arrow.

2. (Bot.) An aquatic plant of the genus Sagittaria, esp. S. sagittifolia, -- named from the shape of the leaves.

Ar"row*head`ed, a. Shaped like the head of an arrow; cuneiform.

Arrowheaded characters, characters the elements of which consist of strokes resembling arrowheads, nailheads, or wedges; -- hence called also nail-headed, wedge-formed, cuneiform, or cuneatic characters; the oldest written characters used in the country about the Tigris and Euphrates, and subsequently in Persia, and abounding among the ruins of Persepolis, Nineveh, and Babylon. See Cuneiform.

Ar"row*root` (&?;), n. 1. (Bot.) A west Indian plant of the genus Maranta, esp. M. arundinacea, now cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned arrows.

2. A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks of Maranta arundinacea, and used as food, esp. for children an invalids; also, a similar starch obtained from other plants, as various species of Maranta and Curcuma.

Ar"row*wood` (&?;), n. A shrub (Viburnum dentatum) growing in damp woods and thickets; -- so called from the long, straight, slender shoots.

Ar"row*worm`, n. (Zoöl.) A peculiar transparent worm of the genus Sagitta, living at the surface of the sea. See Sagitta.

Ar"row*y (&?;), a. 1. Consisting of arrows.

How quick they wheeled, and flying, behind them shot Sharp sleet of arrowy showers. Milton.

2. Formed or moving like, or in any respect resembling, an arrow; swift; darting; piercing. "His arrowy tongue." Cowper.

By the blue rushing of the arrowy Rhone. Byron.

With arrowy vitalities, vivacities, and ingenuities. Carlyle.

||Ar*roy"o (&?;), n.; pl. Arroyos (&?;). [Sp., fr. LL. arrogium; cf. Gr. &?; river, stream, fr. &?; to flow.] 1. A water course; a rivulet.

2. The dry bed of a small stream. [Western U. S.]

||Ar"schin (&?;), n. See Arshine.

Arse, n. [AS. ears; ærs; akin to OHG. ars. G. arsch, D. aars, Sw. ars, Dan. arts, Gr. &?; (cf. &?; tail).] The buttocks, or hind part of an animal; the posteriors; the fundament; the bottom.

Ar"se*nal, n. [Sp. & F. arsenal arsenal, dockyard, or It. arzanale, arsenale (cf. It. & darsena dock); all fr. Ar. dr&?;in'a house of industry or fabrication; dr house + &?;in art, industry.] A public establishment for the storage, or for the manufacture and storage, of arms and all military equipments, whether for land or naval service.

Ar"se*nate (&?;), n. (Chem.) A salt of arsenic acid.

Ar*se"ni*ate, n. See Arsenate. [R.]