Chapter 38

An"guish (&?;), n. [OE. anguishe, anguise, angoise, F. angoisse, fr. L. angustia narrowness, difficulty, distress, fr. angustus narrow, difficult, fr. angere to press together. See Anger.] Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress.

But they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. Ex. vi. 9.

Anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child. Jer. iv. 31.

Rarely used in the plural: -

Ye miserable people, you must go to God in anguishes, and make your prayer to him.

Latimer.

Syn. -- Agony; pang; torture; torment. See Agony.

An"guish, v. t. [Cf. F. angoisser, fr. L. angustiare.] To distress with extreme pain or grief. [R.] Temple.

An"gu*lar (&?;), a. [L. angularis, fr. angulus angle, corner. See Angle.] 1. Relating to an angle or to angles; having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner; sharp-cornered; pointed; as, an angular figure.

2. Measured by an angle; as, angular distance.

3. Fig.: Lean; lank; raw-boned; ungraceful; sharp and stiff in character; as, remarkably angular in his habits and appearance; an angular female.

Angular aperture, Angular distance. See Aperture, Distance. -- Angular motion, the motion of a body about a fixed point or fixed axis, as of a planet or pendulum. It is equal to the angle passed over at the point or axis by a line drawn to the body. -- Angular point, the point at which the sides of the angle meet; the vertex. -- Angular velocity, the ratio of anuglar motion to the time employed in describing.

An"gu*lar, n. (Anat.) A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, and fishes.

An`gu*lar"i*ty (&?;), n. The quality or state of being angular; angularness.

An"gu*lar*ly (&?;), adv. In an angular manner; with of at angles or corners. B. Jonson.

An"gu*lar*ness, n. The quality of being angular.

{ An"gu*late (&?;), An"gu*la`ted (&?;), } a. [L. angulatus, p. p. of angulare to make angular.] Having angles or corners; angled; as, angulate leaves.

An"gu*late (&?;), v. t. To make angular.

An`gu*la"tion (&?;), n. A making angular; angular formation. Huxley.

An"gu*lo-den"tate(&?;), a.. [L. angulus angle + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Bot.) Angularly toothed, as certain leaves.

An"gu*lom"e*ter (&?;), n. [L. angulus angle + -meter.] An instrument for measuring external angles.

An"gu*lose` (&?;), a. Angulous. [R.]

An`gu*los"i*ty (&?;), n. A state of being angulous or angular. [Obs.]

An"gu*lous (&?;), a. [L. angulosus: cf. F. anguleux.] Angular; having corners; hooked. [R.]

Held together by hooks and angulous involutions. Glanvill.

An*gust" (&?;), a. [L. angustus. See Anguish.] Narrow; strait. [Obs.]

An*gus"tate (&?;), a. [L. angustatus, p. p. of angustare to make narrow.] Narrowed.

An`gus*ta"tion (&?;), n. The act of making narrow; a straitening or contacting. Wiseman.

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{ An*gus`ti*fo"li*ate (n*gs`t*f"l*t), An*gus`ti*fo"li*ous (n*gs`t*f"l*s), } a. [L. angustus narrow (see Anguish) + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having narrow leaves. Wright.

An`gus*tu"ra bark` (&?;). See Angostura bark.

||An`gwan*ti"bo (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) A small lemuroid mammal (Arctocebus Calabarensis) of Africa. It has only a rudimentary tail.

An*hang" (&?;), v. t. [AS. onhangian.] To hang. [Obs.] Chaucer.

An`har*mon"ic (&?;), a. [F. anharmonique, fr. Gr. 'an priv. + &?; harmonic.] (Math.) Not harmonic.

The anharmonic function or ratio of four points abcd on a straight line is the quantity (ac/ad):(bc/bd), where the segments are to be regarded as plus or minus, according to the order of the letters.

An`he*la"tion (&?;), n. [L. anhelatio, fr. anhelare to pant; an (perh. akin to E. on) + halare to breathe: cf. F. anhélation.] Short and rapid breathing; a panting; asthma. Glanvill.

An*hele" (&?;), v. i. [Cf. OF. aneler, anheler. See Anhelation.] To pant; to be breathlessly anxious or eager (for). [Obs.]

They anhele . . . for the fruit of our convocation. Latimer.

An"he*lose (&?;), a. Anhelous; panting. [R.]

An*he"lous (&?;), a. [L. anhelus.] Short of breath; panting.

||An"hi*ma (&?;), n. [Brazilian name.] A South American aquatic bird; the horned screamer or kamichi (Palamedea cornuta). See Kamichi.

||An*hin"ga (&?;), n. [Pg.] (Zoöl.) An aquatic bird of the southern United States (Platus anhinga); the darter, or snakebird.

An*his"tous (&?;), a. [Gr. 'an priv. + "isto`s web, tissue: cf. F. anhiste.] (Biol.) Without definite structure; as, an anhistous membrane.

An*hun"gered (&?;), a. Ahungered; longing. [Archaic]

An*hy"dride (&?;), n. [See Anhydrous.] (Chem.) An oxide of a nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water; -- so called because it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water.

An*hy"drite (&?;), n. [See Anhydrous.] (Min.) A mineral of a white or a slightly bluish color, usually massive. It is anhydrous sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not containing water (whence the name).

An*hy"drous (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; wanting water; 'an priv. + "y`dwr water.] Destitute of water; as, anhydrous salts or acids.

||A"ni (&?;) or ||A"no (&?;), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A black bird of tropical America, the West Indies and Florida (Crotophaga ani), allied to the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting.

||An"i*cut, ||An"ni*cut (&?;), n. [Tamil anai kattu dam building.] A dam or mole made in the course of a stream for the purpose of regulating the flow of a system of irrigation. [India] Brande & C.

An*id`i*o*mat"ic*al (&?;), a. [Gr. 'an priv. + E. idiomatical.] Not idiomatic. [R.] Landor.

{ An"i*ent, An`i*en"tise (&?;), } v. t. [OF. anientir, F. anéantir.] To frustrate; to bring to naught; to annihilate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

A*nigh" (&?;), prep. & adv. [Pref. a- + nigh.] Nigh. [Archaic]

{ A*night" (&?;), A*nights" (&?;), } adv. [OE. on niht.] In the night time; at night. [Archaic]

Does he hawk anights still? Marston.

An"il (&?;), n. [F. anil, Sp. anl, or Pg. anil; all fr. Ar. an-nl, for al-nl the indigo plant, fr. Skr. nla dark blue, nl indigo, indigo plant. Cf. Lilac.] (Bot.) A West Indian plant (Indigofera anil), one of the original sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye.

An"ile (&?;), a. [L. anilis, fr. anus an old woman.] Old-womanish; imbecile. "Anile ideas." Walpole.

An"ile*ness (&?;), n. Anility. [R.]

An*il"ic (&?;), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; -- applied to an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo. [R.]

An"i*lide (&?;), n. (Chem.) One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by phenyl.

An"i*line (?; 277), n. [See Anil.] (Chem.) An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made.

An"i*line, a. Made from, or of the nature of, aniline.

A*nil"i*ty (&?;), n. [L. anilitas. See Anile.] The state of being and old woman; old-womanishness; dotage. "Marks of anility." Sterne.

An`i*mad*ver"sal (&?;), n. The faculty of perceiving; a percipient. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

An`i*mad*ver"sion (&?;), n. [L. animadversio, fr. animadvertere: cf. F. animadversion. See Animadvert.] 1. The act or power of perceiving or taking notice; direct or simple perception. [Obs.]

The soul is the sole percipient which hath animadversion and sense, properly so called. Glanvill.

2. Monition; warning. [Obs.] Clarendon.

3. Remarks by way of criticism and usually of censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame.

He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp animadversions. Clarendon.

4. Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement; punishment. [Archaic] "Divine animadversions." Wesley.

Syn. -- Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame; comment.

An`i*mad*ver"sive (&?;), a. Having the power of perceiving; percipient. [Archaic] Glanvill.

I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and shining to the animadversive faculty. Coleridge.

An`i*mad*vert" (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Animadverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Animadverting.] [L. animadvertere; animus mind + advertere to turn to; ad to + vertere to turn.] 1. To take notice; to observe; -- commonly followed by that. Dr. H. More.

2. To consider or remark by way of criticism or censure; to express censure; -- with on or upon.

I should not animadvert on him . . . if he had not used extreme severity in his judgment of the incomparable Shakespeare. Dryden.

3. To take cognizance judicially; to inflict punishment. [Archaic] Grew.

Syn. -- To remark; comment; criticise; censure.

An`i*mad*vert"er (&?;), n. One who animadverts; a censurer; also [Obs.], a chastiser.

An"i*mal (&?;), n. [L., fr. anima breath, soul: cf. F. animal. See Animate.] 1. An organized living being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion, and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress to maturity.

2. One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as distinguished from man; as, men and animals.

An"i*mal, a. [Cf. F. animal.] 1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.

2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.

3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.

Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism. -- Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc. -- Animal flower (Zoöl.), a name given to certain marine animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc. -- Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at nearly a uniform temperature. -- Animal spirits. See under Spirit. -- Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination, but variously arranged by different writers. The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present time: --

Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes, Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia (Acrania).

Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and Ascidioidea or Ascidians.

Articulata or Annulosa, including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda).

Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera, Chætognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina, Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea.

Molluscoidea, including Brachiopoda and Bryozoa.

Mollusca, including Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Pteropoda, Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata or Acephala.

Echinodermata, including Holothurioidea, Echinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, and Crinoidea.

Cœlenterata, including Anthozoa or Polyps, Ctenophora, and Hydrozoa or Acalephs.

Spongiozoa or Porifera, including the sponges.

Protozoa, including Infusoria and Rhizopoda.

For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.

{ An`i*mal"cu*lar (&?;), An`i*mal"cu*line (&?;), } a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules. "Animalcular life." Tyndall.

An`i*mal"cule (&?;), n. [As if fr. a L. animalculum, dim. of animal.] 1. A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc. [Obs.] Ray.

2. (Zoöl.) An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. See Infusoria.

Many of the so-called animalcules have been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like those of animals. Among these are Volvox, the Desmidiacæ, and the siliceous Diatomaceæ.

Spermatic animalcules. See Spermatozoa.

An`i*mal"cu*lism (&?;), n. [Cf. F. animalculisme.] (Biol.) The theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and pathological phenomena by means of animalcules.

An`i*mal"cu*list (&?;), n. [Cf. F. animalculiste.] 1. One versed in the knowledge of animalcules. Keith.

2. A believer in the theory of animalculism.

||An`i*mal"cu*lum (&?;), n.; pl. Animalcula (&?;). [NL. See Animalcule.] An animalcule.

Animalculæ, as if from a Latin singular animalcula, is a barbarism.

An"i*mal*ish (&?;), a. Like an animal.

An"i*mal*ism (&?;), n. [Cf. F. animalisme.] The state, activity, or enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or moral qualities; sensuality.

An`i*mal"i*ty (&?;), n. [Cf. F. animalité.] Animal existence or nature. Locke.

An`i*mal*i*za"tion (&?;), n. [Cf. F. animalisation.] 1. The act of animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal properties.

2. Conversion into animal matter by the process of assimilation. Owen.

An"i*mal*ize (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animalized (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Animalizing.] [Cf. F. animaliser.] 1. To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in animal form. Warburton.

2. To convert into animal matter by the processes of assimilation.

3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a lower animal; to sensualize.

The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the animalizing tendency of his own philosophy. Coleridge.

An"i*mal*ly, adv. Physically. G. Eliot.

An"i*mal*ness, n. Animality. [R.]

An`i*mas"tic (&?;), a. [L. anima breath, life.] Pertaining to mind or spirit; spiritual.

An`i*mas"tic, n. Psychology. [Obs.]

An"i*mate (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animated; p. pr. & vb. n. Animating.] [L. animatus, p. p. of animare, fr. anima breath, soul; akin to animus soul, mind, Gr. &?; wind, Skr. an to breathe, live, Goth. us-anan to expire (us- out), Icel. önd breath, anda to breathe, OHG. ando anger. Cf. Animal.] 1. To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as, the soul animates the body.

2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of; as, to animate a lyre. Dryden.

3. To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven.

The more to animate the people, he stood on high . . . and cried unto them with a loud voice. Knolles.

Syn. -- To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate; inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken; gladden.

An"i*mate (&?;), a. [L. animatus, p. p.] Endowed with life; alive; living; animated; lively.

The admirable structure of animate bodies. Bentley.

An"i*ma`ted (&?;), a. Endowed with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively; vigorous. "Animated sounds." Pope. "Animated bust." Gray. "Animated descriptions." Lewis.

An"i*ma`ted*ly, adv. With animation.

An"i*ma`ter (&?;), n. One who animates. De Quincey.

An"i*ma"ting, a. Causing animation; life-giving; inspiriting; rousing. "Animating cries." Pope. -- An"i*ma`ting*ly, adv.

An`i*ma"tion (&?;), n. [L. animatio, fr. animare.] 1. The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of being animate or alive.

The animation of the same soul quickening the whole frame. Bp. Hall.

Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking, with whatever I possess of animation. Landor.

2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full of spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; as, he recited the story with great animation.

Suspended animation, temporary suspension of the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned.

Syn. -- Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness; sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness; energy. See Liveliness.

An"i*ma*tive (&?;), a. Having the power of giving life or spirit. Johnson.

An"i*ma`tor (&?;), n. [L. animare.] One who, or that which, animates; an animater. Sir T. Browne.

||A"ni*mé` (&?;), a. [F., animated.] (Her.) Of a different tincture from the animal itself; -- said of the eyes of a rapacious animal. Brande & C.

||A"ni*mé (&?;), n. [F. animé animated (from the insects that are entrapped in it); or native name.] A resin exuding from a tropical American tree (Hymenæa courbaril), and much used by varnish makers. Ure.

An"i*mism (&?;), n. [Cf. F. animisme, fr. L. anima soul. See Animate.] 1. The doctrine, taught by Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and development in the body.

2. The belief that inanimate objects and the phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of soul or spirit apart from matter. Tylor.

An"i*mist (&?;), n. [Cf. F. animiste.] One who maintains the doctrine of animism.

An`i*mis"tic (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to animism. Huxley. Tylor.

{ An`i*mose" (&?;), An"i*mous (&?;), } a. [L. animosus, fr. animus soul, spirit, courage.] Full of spirit; hot; vehement; resolute. [Obs.] Ash.

An`i*mose"ness (&?;), n. Vehemence of temper. [Obs.]

An`i*mos"i*ty (&?;), n.; pl. Animosities (&?;). [F. animosité, fr. L. animositas. See Animose, Animate, v. t.] 1. Mere spiritedness or courage. [Obs.] Skelton.

Such as give some proof of animosity, audacity, and execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth. Holland.

2. Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike. Macaulay.

Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; opposition. -- Animosity, Enmity. Enmity be dormant or concealed; animosity is active enmity, inflamed by collision and mutual injury between opposing parties. The animosities which were continually springing up among the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and bloodshed for successive ages. The animosities which have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the reproach of the church.

Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and make enmities irreconcilable. Spectator.

[These] factions . . . never suspended their animosities till they ruined that unhappy government. Hume.

An"i*mus (&?;), n.; pl. Animi (&?;). [L., mind.] Animating spirit; intention; temper.

nimus furandi [L.] (Law), intention of stealing.

An"i*on (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;, neut. &?;, p. pr. of &?; to go up; &?; up + &?; to go.] (Chem.) An electro- negative element, or the element which, in electro-chemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; -- opposed to cation. Faraday.

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An"ise (n"s), n. [OE. anys, F. anis, L. anisum, anethum, fr. Gr. 'a`nison, 'a`nhqon.] 1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds.

2. The fruit or seeds of this plant.

An"i*seed (&?;), n. The seed of the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it. "Oil of aniseed." Brande & C.

||An`i*sette" (&?;), n. [F.] A French cordial or liqueur flavored with anise seeds. De Colange.

A*nis"ic (&?;), a. Of or derived from anise; as, anisic acid; anisic alcohol.

{ ||An`i*so*dac"ty*la (&?;), An`i*so*dac"tyls (&?;), } n. pl. [NL. anisodactyla, fr. Gr. 'a`nisos unequal ('an priv. + 'i`sos equal) + da`ktylos finger.] (Zoöl.) (a) A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the elephant, rhinoceros, etc. (b) A group of perching birds which are anisodactylous.

An`i*so*dac"ty*lous (&?;), a. (Zoöl.) Characterized by unequal toes, three turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine birds.

An`i*so*mer"ic (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; unequal + &?; part.] (Chem.) Not isomeric; not made of the same components in the same proportions.

An`i*som"er*ous (&?;), a. [See Anisomeric.] (Bot.) Having the number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six stamens.

An`i*so*met"ric (&?;), a. [Gr. 'an priv. + E. isometric.] Not isometric; having unsymmetrical parts; -- said of crystals with three unequal axes. Dana.

An`i*so*pet"al*ous (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; unequal + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having unequal petals.

An`i*soph"yl*lous (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; unequal + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having unequal leaves.

||An`i*so*pleu"ra (&?;), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; unequal + &?; side.] (Zoöl.) A primary division of gastropods, including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body are unequally developed.

||An`i*sop"o*da (&?;), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; unequal + -poda.] (Zoöl.) A division of Crustacea, which, in some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and Isopoda.

An`i*so*stem"o*nous (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; unequal + &?; warp, thread; &?; to stand.] (Bot.) Having unequal stamens; having stamens different in number from the petals.

An`i*so*sthen"ic (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; unequal + &?; strength.] Of unequal strength.

{ An"i*so*trope` (&?;), An`i*so*trop"ic (&?;), } a. [Gr. &?; unequal + &?; a turning, &?; to turn.] (Physics) Not isotropic; having different properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals are anisotropic.

An`i*sot"ro*pous (&?;), a. Anisotropic.

An"ker (&?;), n. [D. anker: cf. LL. anceria, ancheria.] A liquid measure in various countries of Europe. The Dutch anker, formerly also used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or 8½ imperial gallons.

An"ker*ite (&?;), n. [So called from Prof. Anker of Austria: cf. F. ankérite, G. ankerit.] (Min.) A mineral closely related to dolomite, but containing iron.

An"kle ("k'l), n. [OE. ancle, anclow, AS. ancleow; akin to Icel. ökkla, ökli, Dan. and Sw. ankel, D. enklaauw, enkel, G. enkel, and perh. OHG. encha, ancha thigh, shin: cf. Skr. anga limb, anguri finger. Cf. Haunch.] The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus.

Ankle bone, the bone of the ankle; the astragalus.

An"kled (&?;), a. Having ankles; -- used in composition; as, well-ankled. Beau. & Fl.

An"klet (&?;), n. An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.

An"ky*lose (&?;), v. t. & i. Same as Anchylose.

||An`ky*lo"sis (&?;), n. Same as Anchylosis.

An"lace (&?;), n. [Origin unknown.] A broad dagger formerly worn at the girdle. [Written also anelace.]

{ Ann (&?;), An"nat (&?;), } n. [LL. annata income of a year, also, of half a year, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annate annats.] (Scots Law) A half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.

||An"na (&?;), n. [Hindi n.] An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2&?; cents.

An"nal (&?;), n. See Annals.

An"nal*ist, n. [Cf. F. annaliste.] A writer of annals.

The monks . . . were the only annalists in those ages. Hume.

An`nal*is"tic (&?;), a. Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; as, the dry annalistic style."A stiff annalistic method." Sir G. C. Lewis.

An"nal*ize (&?;), v. t. To record in annals. Sheldon.

An"nals (&?;), n. pl. [L. annalis (sc. liber), and more frequently in the pl. annales (sc. libri), chronicles, fr. annus year. Cf. Annual.] 1. A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. "Annals the revolution." Macaulay. "The annals of our religion." Rogers.

2. Historical records; chronicles; history.

The short and simple annals of the poor. Gray.

It was one of the most critical periods in our annals. Burke.

3. sing. The record of a single event or item. "In deathless annal." Young.

4. A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; as "Annals of Science."

Syn. -- History. See History.

{ An"nats (&?;), An"nates (&?;), } n. pl. [See Ann.] (Eccl. Law) The first year's profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for the augmentation of poor livings.