Chapter 16

Ad`o*les"cent (d`*ls"sent), a. [L. adolescens, p. pr. of adolescere to grow up to; ad + the inchoative olescere to grow: cf. F. adolescent. See Adult.] Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity.

Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong, Detain their adolescent charge too long. Cowper.

Ad`o*les"cent, n. A youth.

Ad`o*ne"an (-n"an), a. [L. Adonus.] Pertaining to Adonis; Adonic. "Fair Adonean Venus." Faber.

A*don"ic (&?;), a. [F. adonique: cf. L. Adonius.] Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty. - - n. An Adonic verse.

Adonic verse, a verse consisting of a dactyl and spondee (-- | -- --).

||A*do"nis (*d"ns), n. [L., gr. Gr. 'A`dwnis.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A youth beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a wild boar.

2. A preëminently beautiful young man; a dandy.

3. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the family Ranunculaceæ, containing the pheasant's eye (Adonis autumnalis); -- named from Adonis, whose blood was fabled to have stained the flower.

A*do"nist (*d"nst), n. [Heb. dni my Lords.] One who maintains that points of the Hebrew word translated "Jehovah" are really the vowel points of the word "Adonai." See Jehovist.

Ad"o*nize (d"*nz), v. t. [Cf. F. adoniser, fr. Adonis.] To beautify; to dandify.

I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and adonozing myself. Smollett.

{ A*door (&?;), A*doors (&?;), } At the door; of the door; as, out adoors. Shak.

I took him in adoors. Vicar's Virgil (1630).

A*dopt" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adopted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adopting.] [L. adoptare; ad + optare to choose, desire: cf. F. adopter. See Option.] 1. To take by choice into relationship, as, child, heir, friend, citizen, etc.; esp. to take voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or as, one's own child.

2. To take or receive as one's own what is not so naturally; to select and take or approve; as, to adopt the view or policy of another; these resolutions were adopted.

A*dopt"a*ble (&?;), a. Capable of being adopted.

A*dopt"ed (&?;), a. Taken by adoption; taken up as one's own; as, an adopted son, citizen, country, word. -- A*dopt"ed*ly, adv.

A*dopt"er (&?;), n. 1. One who adopts.

2. (Chem.) A receiver, with two necks, opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose openings have different diameters. [Written also adapter.]

A*dop"tion (&?;), n. [L. adoptio, allied to adoptare to adopt: cf. F. adoption.] 1. The act of adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be the same as one's own child.

2. Admission to a more intimate relation; reception; as, the adoption of persons into hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into another.

3. The choosing and making that to be one's own which originally was not so; acceptance; as, the adoption of opinions. Jer. Taylor.

A*dop"tion*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of God not by nature but by adoption.

A*dop"tious (&?;), a. Adopted. [Obs.]

A*dopt"ive (&?;), a. [L. adoptivus: cf. F. adoptif.] Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted to adopt; as, an adoptive father, an child; an adoptive language. -- A*dopt"ive*ly, adv.

A*dor`a*bil"i*ty (&?;), n. Adorableness.

A*dor"a*ble (&?;), a. [L. adorabilis, fr. adorare: cf. F. adorable.] 1. Deserving to be adored; worthy of divine honors.

The adorable Author of Christianity. Cheyne.

2. Worthy of the utmost love or respect.

A*dor"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration. Johnson.

A*dor"a*bly, adv. In an adorable manner.

Ad`o*ra"tion (&?;), n. [L. adoratio, fr. adorare: cf. F. adoration.] 1. The act of playing honor to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god.

The more immediate objects of popular adoration amongst the heathens were deified human beings. Farmer.

2. Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound veneration; intense regard and love; fervent devotion.

3. A method of electing a pope by the expression of homage from two thirds of the conclave.

[Pole] might have been chosen on the spot by adoration. Froude.

A*dore" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adored (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Adoring (&?;).] [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French prefix a- being confused with OE. a, an, on. See Oral.] 1. To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine.

Bishops and priests, . . . bearing the host, which he [James &?;.] publicly adored. Smollett.

2. To love in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost esteem and affection; to idolize.

The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and adored Montouth. Macaulay.

A*dore", v. t. To adorn. [Obs.]

Congealed little drops which do the morn adore. Spenser.

A*dore"ment (-ment), n. The act of adoring; adoration. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

A*dor"er (&?;), n. One who adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly; an ardent admirer. "An adorer of truth." Clarendon.

I profess myself her adorer, not her friend. Shak.

A*dor"ing*ly, adv. With adoration.

A*dorn" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adorned (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Adorning.] [OE. aournen, anournen, adornen, OF. aorner, fr. L. aaornare; ad + ornare to furnish, embellish. See Adore, Ornate.] To deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to advantage; to render pleasing or attractive.

As a bride adorneth herself with her jewels. Isa. lxi. 10.

At church, with meek and unaffected grace, His looks adorned the venerable place. Goldsmith.

Syn. -- To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace; dignify; exalt; honor. -- To Adorn, Ornament, Decorate, Embellish. We decorate and ornament by putting on some adjunct which is attractive or beautiful, and which serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head-dress may be ornament or decorated with flowers or jewelry; a hall may be decorated or ornament with carving or gilding, with wreaths of flowers, or with hangings. Ornament is used in a wider sense than decorate. To embellish is to beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes means gaudy and artificial decoration. We embellish a book with rich engravings; a style is embellished with rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper embellishes his front window to attract attention. Adorn is sometimes identical with decorate, as when we say, a lady was adorned with jewels. In other cases, it seems to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings as adorned with the works of some of the great masters, or adorned with noble statuary and columns. Here decorated and ornamented would hardly be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond mere show and ornament. Adorn may be used of what is purely moral; as, a character adorned with every Christian grace. Here neither decorate, nor ornament, nor embellish is proper.

A*dorn", n. Adornment. [Obs.] Spenser.

A*dorn", a. Adorned; decorated. [Obs.] Milton.

Ad`or*na"tion (&?;), n. Adornment. [Obs.]

A*dorn"er (&?;), n. He who, or that which, adorns; a beautifier.

A*dorn"ing*ly, adv. By adorning; decoratively.

A*dorn"ment (-ment), n. [Cf. OF. adornement. See Adorn.] An adorning; an ornament; a decoration.

Ad*os"cu*la"tion (&?;), n. [L. adosculari, adosculatum, to kiss. See Osculate.] (Biol.) Impregnation by external contact, without intromission.

A*down" (&?;), adv. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dne off the hill. See Down.] From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [Archaic] "Thrice did she sink adown." Spenser.

A*down", prep. Down. [Archaic & Poetic]

Her hair adown her shoulders loosely lay displayed. Prior.

Ad*press" (&?;), v. t. [L. adpressus, p. p. of adprimere.] See Appressed. -- Ad*pressed", (&?;), a.

A*drad" (&?;), p. a. [P. p. of adread.] Put in dread; afraid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ad"ra*gant (&?;), n. [F., a corruption of tragacanth.] Gum tragacanth. Brande & C.

A*dread" (&?;), v. t. & i. [AS. andrædan, ondræ; pref. a- (for and against) + dræden to dread. See Dread.] To dread. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

A*dreamed" (&?;), p. p. Visited by a dream; -- used in the phrase, To be adreamed, to dream. [Obs.]

Ad*re"nal (&?;), a. [Pref. ad- + renal.] (Anat.) Suprarenal.

A"dri*an (&?;), a. [L. Hadrianus.] Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea; as, Adrian billows.

A`dri*at"ic (&?;), a. [L. Adriaticus, Hadriaticus, fr. Adria or Hadria, a town of the Veneti.] Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice.

A*drift" (&?;), adv. & a. [Pref. a- (for on) + drift.] Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of wind and waves. Also fig.

So on the sea shall be set adrift. Dryden.

Were from their daily labor turned adrift. Wordsworth.

A*drip" (&?;), adv. & a. [Pref. a- in + drip.] In a dripping state; as, leaves all adrip. D. G. Mitchell.

Ad"ro*gate (&?;), v. t. [See Arrogate.] (Rom. Law) To adopt (a person who is his own master).

Ad`ro*ga"tion (&?;), n. [L. adrogatio, arrogatio, fr. adrogare. See Arrogate.] (Rom. Law) A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See Arrogation.

A*droit" (&?;), a. [F. adroit; à (L. ad) = droit straight, right, fr. L. directus, p. p. of dirigere. See Direct.] Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution; -- applied to persons and to acts; as, an adroit mechanic, an adroit reply. "Adroit in the application of the telescope and quadrant." Horsley. "He was adroit in intrigue." Macaulay.

Syn. -- Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft; ingenious; cunning; ready-witted.

A*droit"ly, adv. In an adroit manner.

A*droit"ness, n. The quality of being adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity.

Adroitness was as requisite as courage. Motley.

Syn. -- See Skill.

A*dry" (&?;), a. [Pref. a- (for on) + dry.] In a dry or thirsty condition. "A man that is adry." Burton.

Ad`sci*ti"tious (&?;), a. [L. adscitus, p. p. of adsciscere, asciscere, to take knowingly; ad + sciscere to seek to know, approve, scire to know.] Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious. "Adscititious evidence." Bowring. -- Ad`sci*ti"tious*ly, adv.

Ad"script (&?;), a. [L. adscriptus, p. p. of adscribere to enroll. See Ascribe.] Held to service as attached to the soil; -- said of feudal serfs.

Ad"script (&?;), n. One held to service as attached to the glebe or estate; a feudal serf. Bancroft.

Ad*scrip"tive (&?;), a. [L. adscriptivus. See Adscript.] Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable with it. Brougham.

Ad*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (&?;), n. Additional signification. [R.] Tooke.

Ad*sig"ni*fy (&?;), v. t. [L. adsignificare to show.] To denote additionally. [R.] Tooke.

Ad*strict" (&?;), v. t. -- Ad*stric"tion, (&?;) n. See Astrict, and Astriction.

Ad*stric"to*ry (&?;), a. See Astrictory.

Ad*strin"gent (&?;), a. See Astringent.

||Ad`u*la"ri*a (&?;), n. [From Adula, a mountain peak in Switzerland, where fine specimens are found.] (Min.) A transparent or translucent variety of common feldspar, or orthoclase, which often shows pearly opalescent reflections; -- called by lapidaries moonstone.

Ad"u*late (&?;), v. t. [L. adulatus, p. p. of adulari.] To flatter in a servile way. Byron.

Ad`u*la"tion (&?;), n. [F. adulation, fr. L. adulatio, fr. adulari, adulatum, to flatter.] Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is merited.

Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out With titles blown from adulation? Shak.

Syn. -- Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness; blandishment. -- Adulation, Flattery, Compliment. Men deal in compliments from a desire to please; they use flattery either from undue admiration, or a wish to gratify vanity; they practice adulation from sordid motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy. Compliment may be a sincere expression of due respect and esteem, or it may be unmeaning; flattery is apt to become gross; adulation is always servile, and usually fulsome.

Ad"u*la`tor (&?;), n. [L., fr. adulari: cf. F. adulateur.] A servile or hypocritical flatterer. Carlyle.

Ad"u*la*to*ry (&?;), a. [L. adulatorius, fr. adulari: cf. OF. adulatoire.] Containing excessive praise or compliment; servilely praising; flattering; as, an adulatory address.

A mere rant of adulatory freedom. Burke.

Ad"u*la`tress (&?;), n. A woman who flatters with servility.

A*dult" (&?;), a. [L. adultus, p. p. of adolescere, akin to alere to nourish: cf. F. adulte. See Adolescent, Old.] Having arrived at maturity, or to full size and strength; matured; as, an adult person or plant; an adult ape; an adult age.

A*dult", n. A person, animal, or plant grown to full size and strength; one who has reached maturity.

In the common law, the term is applied to a person who has attained full age or legal majority; in the civil law, to males after the age of fourteen, and to females after twelve.

A*dul"ter (&?;), v. i. [L. adulterare.] To commit adultery; to pollute. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

A*dul"ter*ant (&?;), n. [L. adulterans, p. pr. of adulterare.] That which is used to adulterate anything. -- a. Adulterating; as, adulterant agents and processes.

A*dul"ter*ate (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adulterated (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Adulterating (&?;).] [L. adulteratus, p. p. of adulterare, fr. adulter adulterer, prob. fr. ad + alter other, properly one who approaches another on account of unlawful love. Cf. Advoutry.]

1. To defile by adultery. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of a foreign or a baser substance; as, to adulterate food, drink, drugs, coin, etc.

The present war has . . . adulterated our tongue with strange words. Spectator.

Syn. -- To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate; sophisticate.

A*dul"ter*ate, v. i. To commit adultery. [Obs.]

A*dul"ter*ate (&?;), a. 1. Tainted with adultery.

2. Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance; adulterated; spurious.

-- A*dul"ter*ate*ly, adv. -- A*dul"ter*ate*ness, n.

A*dul`ter*a"tion (&?;), n. [L. adulteratio.] 1. The act of adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink) by foreign mixture.

The shameless adulteration of the coin. Prescott.

2. An adulterated state or product.

A*dul"ter*a`tor (&?;), n. [L.] One who adulterates or corrupts. [R.] Cudworth.

A*dul"ter*er (&?;), n. [Formed fr. the verb adulter, with the E. ending -er. See Advoutrer.] 1. A man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual intercourse with a woman not his wife.

2. (Script.) A man who violates his religious covenant. Jer. ix. 2.

A*dul"ter*ess (&?;), n. [Fem. from L. adulter. Cf. Advoutress.] 1. A woman who commits adultery.

2. (Script.) A woman who violates her religious engagements. James iv. 4.

A*dul"ter*ine (&?;), a. [L. adulterinus, fr. adulter.] Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious; without the support of law; illegal.

When any particular class of artificers or traders thought proper to act as a corporation without a charter, such were called adulterine guilds. Adam Smith.

A*dul"ter*ine, n. An illegitimate child. [R.]

A*dul"ter*ize (&?;), v. i. To commit adultery. Milton.

A*dul"ter*ous (&?;), a. 1. Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery; illicit. Dryden.

2. Characterized by adulteration; spurious. "An adulterous mixture." [Obs.] Smollett.

A*dul"ter*ous*ly, adv. In an adulterous manner.

A*dul"ter*y (&?;), n.; pl. Adulteries(&?;). [L. adulterium. See Advoutry.] 1. The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed; sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife, or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another than her husband.

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It is adultery on the part of the married wrongdoer.

The word has also been used to characterize the act of an unmarried participator, the other being married. In the United States the definition varies with the local statutes. Unlawful intercourse between two married persons is sometimes called double adultery; between a married and an unmarried person, single adultery.

2. Adulteration; corruption. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Script.) (a) Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh commandment. (b) Faithlessness in religion. Jer. iii. 9.

4. (Old Law) The fine and penalty imposed for the offense of adultery.

5. (Eccl.) The intrusion of a person into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.

6. Injury; degradation; ruin. [Obs.]

You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the adultery and spoil of nature. B. Jonson.

A*dult"ness (&?;), n. The state of being adult.

Ad*um"brant (&?;), a. [L. adumbrans, p. pr. of adumbrare.] Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing forth.

Ad*um"brate (&?;), v. t. [L. adumbratus, p. p. of adumbrare; ad + umbrare to shade; umbra shadow.]

1. To give a faint shadow or slight representation of; to outline; to shadow forth.

Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe the invisible God is adumbrated. L. Taylor.

2. To overshadow; to shade.

Ad`um*bra"tion (&?;), n. [L. adumbratio.] 1. The act of adumbrating, or shadowing forth.

2. A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect portrayal or representation of a thing.

Elegant adumbrations of sacred truth. Bp. Horsley.

3. (Her.) The shadow or outlines of a figure.

Ad*um"bra*tive (&?;), a. Faintly representing; typical. Carlyle.

Ad`u*na"tion (&?;), n. [L. adunatio; ad + unus one.] A uniting; union. Jer. Taylor.

{ A*dunc", A*dunque" } (&?;), a. (Zoöl.) Hooked; as, a parrot has an adunc bill.

A*dun"ci*ty (&?;), n. [L. aduncitas. See Aduncous.] Curvature inwards; hookedness.

The aduncity of the beaks of hawks. Pope.

A*dun"cous (&?;), a. [L. aduncus; ad + uncus hooked, hook.] Curved inwards; hooked.

A*dure" (&?;), v. t. [L. adurere; ad + urere to burn.] To burn up. [Obs.] Bacon.

A*dust" (&?;), a. [L. adustus, p. p. of adurere: cf. F. aduste.] 1. Inflamed or scorched; fiery. "The Libyan air adust." Milton.

2. Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt.

A tall, thin man, of an adust complexion. Sir W. Scott.

3. (Med.) Having much heat in the constitution and little serum in the blood. [Obs.] Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy.

A*dust"ed, a. Burnt; adust. [Obs.] Howell.

A*dust"i*ble (&?;), a. That may be burnt. [Obs.]

A*dus"tion (?; 106), n. [L. adustio, fr. adurere, adustum: cf. F. adustion.] 1. The act of burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus heated or dried. [Obs.] Harvey.

2. (Surg.) Cauterization. Buchanan.

||Ad va*lo"rem (&?;). [L., according to the value.] (Com.) A term used to denote a duty or charge laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent upon their value, as stated in their invoice, -- in opposition to a specific sum upon a given quantity or number; as, an ad valorem duty of twenty per cent.

Ad*vance" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advanced (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Advancing (&?;)(#).] [OE. avancen, avauncen, F. avancer, fr. a supposed LL. abantiare; ab + ante (F. avant) before. The spelling with d was a mistake, a- being supposed to be fr. L. ad. See Avaunt.] 1. To bring forward; to move towards the van or front; to make to go on.

2. To raise; to elevate. [Archaic]

They . . . advanced their eyelids. Shak.

3. To raise to a higher rank; to promote.

Ahasueres . . . advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes. Esther iii. 1.

4. To accelerate the growth or progress; to further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; as, to advance the ripening of fruit; to advance one's interests.

5. To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose; to show; as, to advance an argument.

Some ne'er advance a judgment of their own. Pope.

6. To make earlier, as an event or date; to hasten.

7. To furnish, as money or other value, before it becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand; as, a merchant advances money on a contract or on goods consigned to him.

8. To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise in rate; as, to advance the price of goods.

9. To extol; to laud. [Obs.]

Greatly advancing his gay chivalry. Spenser.

Syn. -- To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve; heighten; accelerate; allege; adduce; assign.

Ad*vance", v. i. 1. To move or go forward; to proceed; as, he advanced to greet me.

2. To increase or make progress in any respect; as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in years, in price.

3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred or promoted.

Advanced to a level with ancient peers. Prescott.

Ad*vance", n. [Cf. F. avance, fr. avancer. See Advance, v.] 1. The act of advancing or moving forward or upward; progress.

2. Improvement or progression, physically, mentally, morally, or socially; as, an advance in health, knowledge, or religion; an advance in rank or office.

3. An addition to the price; rise in price or value; as, an advance on the prime cost of goods.

4. The first step towards the attainment of a result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; -- usually in the plural.

[He] made the like advances to the dissenters. Swift.

5. A furnishing of something before an equivalent is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished; money or value supplied beforehand.

I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary advances. Jay.

The account was made up with intent to show what advances had been made. Kent.

In advance (a) In front; before. (b) Beforehand; before an equivalent is received. (c) In the state of having advanced money on account; as, A is in advance to B a thousand dollars or pounds.

Ad*vance" (&?;), a. Before in place, or beforehand in time; -- used for advanced; as, an advance guard, or that before the main guard or body of an army; advance payment, or that made before it is due; advance proofs, advance sheets, pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of publication.

Ad*vanced" (&?;), a. 1. In the van or front.

2. In the front or before others, as regards progress or ideas; as, advanced opinions, advanced thinkers.

3. Far on in life or time.

A gentleman advanced in years, with a hard experience written in his wrinkles. Hawthorne.

Advanced guard, a detachment of troops which precedes the march of the main body.

Ad*vance"ment (d*vns"ment), n. [OE. avancement, F. avancement. See Advance, v. t.] 1. The act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression; improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity; as, the advancement of learning.

In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other) rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's advancement. Sir T. More.

True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint advancement of the virtue and happiness of the people. Horsley.

2. An advance of money or value; payment in advance. See Advance, 5.

3. (Law) Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.

4. Settlement on a wife, or jointure. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ad*van"cer (&?;), n. 1. One who advances; a promoter.

2. A second branch of a buck's antler. Howell.

Ad*van"cive (&?;), a. Tending to advance. [R.]