Chapter 122

3. The process of breaking up or pulverizing ores.

Bucking iron (Mining), a broad-faced hammer, used in bucking or breaking up ores. -- Bucking kier (Manuf.), a large circular boiler, or kier, used in bleaching. -- Bucking stool, a washing block.

Buck"ish, a. Dandified; foppish.

Buc"kle (&?;), n. [OE. bocle buckle, boss of a shield, OF. bocle, F. boucle, boss of a shield, ring, fr. L. buccula a little cheek or mouth, dim. of bucca cheek; this boss or knob resembling a cheek.] 1. A device, usually of metal, consisting of a frame with one more movable tongues or catches, used for fastening things together, as parts of dress or harness, by means of a strap passing through the frame and pierced by the tongue.

2. A distortion bulge, bend, or kink, as in a saw blade or a plate of sheet metal. Knight.

3. A curl of hair, esp. a kind of crisp curl formerly worn; also, the state of being curled.

Earlocks in tight buckles on each side of a lantern face. W. Irving.

Lets his wig lie in buckle for a whole half year. Addison.

4. A contorted expression, as of the face. [R.]

'Gainst nature armed by gravity, His features too in buckle see. Churchill.

Buc"kle (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buckled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Buckling.] [OE. boclen, F. boucler. See Buckle, n.] 1. To fasten or confine with a buckle or buckles; as, to buckle a harness.

2. To bend; to cause to kink, or to become distorted.

3. To prepare for action; to apply with vigor and earnestness; -- generally used reflexively.

Cartwright buckled himself to the employment. Fuller.

4. To join in marriage. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

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Buc"kle (bk"k'l), v. i. 1. To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl; to kink.

Buckled with the heat of the fire like parchment. Pepys.

2. To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a wall.

3. To yield; to give way; to cease opposing. [Obs.]

The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to buckle. Pepys.

4. To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in close fight; to struggle; to contend.

The bishop was as able and ready to buckle with the Lord Protector as he was with him. Latimer.

In single combat thou shalt buckle with me. Shak.

To buckle to, to bend to; to engage with zeal.

To make our sturdy humor buckle thereto. Barrow.

Before buckling to my winter's work. J. D. Forbes.

Buc"kler (&?;), n. [OE. bocler, OF. bocler, F. bouclier, a shield with a boss, from OF. bocle, boucle, boss. See Buckle, n.] 1. A kind of shield, of various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the arms (usually the left) for protecting the front of the body.

In the sword and buckler play of the Middle Ages in England, the buckler was a small shield, used, not to cover the body, but to stop or parry blows.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid fishes. (b) The anterior segment of the shell of trilobites.

3. (Naut.) A block of wood or plate of iron made to fit a hawse hole, or the circular opening in a half-port, to prevent water from entering when the vessel pitches.

Blind buckler (Naut.), a solid buckler. -- Buckler mustard (Bot.), a genus of plants (Biscutella) with small bright yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two bucklers or shields. -- Buckler thorn, a plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler. See Christ's thorn. -- Riding buckler (Naut.), a buckler with a hole for the passage of a cable.

Buc"kler, v. t. To shield; to defend. [Obs.]

Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right, Now buckler falsehood with a pedigree? Shak.

Buc"kler-head`ed (&?;), a. Having a head like a buckler.

Buc"kling (&?;), a. Wavy; curling, as hair. Latham.

Buck"ra (&?;), n. [In the language of the Calabar coast, buckra means "demon, a powerful and superior being." J. L. Wilson.] A white man; -- a term used by negroes of the African coast, West Indies, etc.

Buck"ra, a. White; white man's; strong; good; as, buckra yam, a white yam.

Buck"ram (&?;), n. [OE. bokeram, bougeren, OF. boqueran, F. bougran, MHG. buckeram, LL. buchiranus, boquerannus, fr. MHG. boc, G. bock, goat (as being made of goat's hair), or fr. F. bouracan, by transposing the letter r. See Buck, Barracan.] 1. A coarse cloth of linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise.

Buckram was formerly a very different material from that now known by the name. It was used for wearing apparel, etc. Beck (Draper's Dict. ).

2. (Bot.) A plant. See Ramson. Dr. Prior.

Buck"ram, a. 1. Made of buckram; as, a buckram suit.

2. Stiff; precise. "Buckram dames." Brooke.

Buck"ram, v. t. To strengthen with buckram; to make stiff. Cowper.

Buck's"-horn` (&?;), n. (Bot.) A plant with leaves branched somewhat like a buck's horn (Plantago Coronopus); also, Lobelia coronopifolia.

Buck"shot` (&?;), n. A coarse leaden shot, larger than swan shot, used in hunting deer and large game.

Buck"skin` (&?;), n. 1. The skin of a buck.

2. A soft strong leather, usually yellowish or grayish in color, made of deerskin.

3. A person clothed in buckskin, particularly an American soldier of the Revolutionary war.

Cornwallis fought as lang's he dought, An' did the buckskins claw, man. Burns.

4. pl. Breeches made of buckskin.

I have alluded to his buckskin. Thackeray.

Buck"stall` (&?;), n. A toil or net to take deer.

Buck"thorn` (&?;), n. (Bot.) A genus (Rhamnus) of shrubs or trees. The shorter branches of some species terminate in long spines or thorns. See Rhamnus.

Sea buckthorn, a plant of the genus Hippophaë.

Buck"tooth` (&?;), n. Any tooth that juts out.

When he laughed, two white buckteeth protruded. Thackeray.

Buck"wheat` (&?;), n. [Buck a beech tree + wheat; akin to D. boekweit, G. buchweizen.] 1. (Bot.) A plant (Fagopyrum esculentum) of the Polygonum family, the seed of which is used for food.

2. The triangular seed used, when ground, for griddle cakes, etc.

Bu*col"ic (&?;), a. [L. bucolicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; cowherd, herdsman; &?; ox + (perh.) &?; race horse; cf. Skr. kal to drive: cf. F. bucolique. See Cow the animal.] Of or pertaining to the life and occupation of a shepherd; pastoral; rustic.

Bu*col"ic, n. [L. Bucolicôn poëma.] A pastoral poem, representing rural affairs, and the life, manners, and occupation of shepherds; as, the Bucolics of Theocritus and Virgil. Dryden.

Bu*col"ic*al (&?;), a. Bucolic.

||Bu*cra"ni*um (&?;), n.; pl. L. Bucrania (&?;). [L., fr. Gr. &?; ox head.] A sculptured ornament, representing an ox skull adorned with wreaths, etc.

Bud (&?;), n. [OE. budde; cf. D. bot, G. butze, butz, the core of a fruit, bud, LG. butte in hagebutte, hainbutte, a hip of the dog-rose, or OF. boton, F. bouton, bud, button, OF. boter to bud, push; all akin to E. beat. See Button.] 1. (Bot.) A small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves, flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branch or flower.

2. (Biol.) A small protuberance on certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a new organism, either free or attached. See Hydra.

Bud moth (Zoöl.), a lepidopterous insect of several species, which destroys the buds of fruit trees; esp. Tmetocera ocellana and Eccopsis malana on the apple tree.

Bud, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Budded; p. pr. & vb. n. Budding.] 1. To put forth or produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower or shoot.

2. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn.

3. To be like a bud in respect to youth and freshness, or growth and promise; as, a budding virgin. Shak.

Syn. -- To sprout; germinate; blossom.

Bud, v. t. To graft, as a plant with another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally bear.

The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are, budded upon the peach; the plum and the peach are budded on each other. Farm. Dict.

Bud"dha (&?;), n. [Skr. buddha wise, sage, fr. budh to know.] The title of an incarnation of self- abnegation, virtue, and wisdom, or a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists, esp. Gautama Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni), the founder of Buddhism.

Bud"dhism (&?;), n. The religion based upon the doctrine originally taught by the Hindoo sage Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, "the awakened or enlightened," in the sixth century b. c., and adopted as a religion by the greater part of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Asia and the Indian Islands. Buddha's teaching is believed to have been atheistic; yet it was characterized by elevated humanity and morality. It presents release from existence (a beatific enfranchisement, Nirvâna) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life. Their number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000.

Bud"dhist (&?;), n. One who accepts the teachings of Buddhism.

Bud"dhist, a. Of or pertaining to Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists.

Bud*dhis"tic (&?;), a. Same as Buddhist, a.

Bud"ding (&?;), n. 1. The act or process of producing buds.

2. (Biol.) A process of asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See Hydroidea.

3. The act or process of ingrafting one kind of plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark.

Bud"dle (&?;), n. [Prov. E., to cleanse ore, also a vessel for this purpose; cf. G. butteln to shake.] (Mining) An apparatus, especially an inclined trough or vat, in which stamped ore is concentrated by subjecting it to the action of running water so as to wash out the lighter and less valuable portions.

Bud"dle, v. i. (Mining) To wash ore in a buddle.

Bude" burn`er (&?;). [See Bude light.] A burner consisting of two or more concentric Argand burners (the inner rising above the outer) and a central tube by which oxygen gas or common air is supplied.

Bude" light` (&?;). [From Bude, in Cornwall, the residence of Sir G.Gurney, the inventor.] A light in which high illuminating power is obtained by introducing a jet of oxygen gas or of common air into the center of a flame fed with coal gas or with oil.

Budge (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Budged (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Budging.] [F. bouger to stir, move (akin to Pr. bojar, bolegar, to stir, move, It. bulicare to boil, bubble), fr. L. bullire. See Boil, v. i.] To move off; to stir; to walk away.

I'll not budge an inch, boy. Shak.

The mouse ne'er shunned the cat as they did budge From rascals worse than they. Shak.

Budge, a. [See Budge, v.] Brisk; stirring; jocund. [Obs.] South.

Budge, n. [OE. bouge bag, OF. boge, bouge, fr. L. bulga a leathern bag or knapsack; a Gallic word; cf. OIr. bolc, Gael. bolg. Cf. Budge, n.] A kind of fur prepared from lambskin dressed with the wool on; -- used formerly as an edging and ornament, esp. of scholastic habits.

Budge, a. 1. Lined with budge; hence, scholastic. "Budge gowns." Milton.

2. Austere or stiff, like scholastics.

Those budge doctors of the stoic fur. Milton.

Budge bachelor, one of a company of men clothed in long gowns lined with budge, who formerly accompanied the lord mayor of London in his inaugural procession. -- Budge barrel (Mil.), a small copper-hooped barrel with only one head, the other end being closed by a piece of leather, which is drawn together with strings like a purse. It is used for carrying powder from the magazine to the battery, in siege or seacoast service.

Budge"ness (&?;), n. Sternness; severity. [Obs.]

A Sara for goodness, a great Bellona for budgeness. Stanyhurst.

Budg"er (&?;), n. One who budges. Shak.

||budg"e*row (&?;), n. [Hindi bajr.] A large and commodious, but generally cumbrous and sluggish boat, used for journeys on the Ganges.

Budg"et (&?;), n. [OE. bogett, bouget, F. bougette bag, wallet, dim. of OF. boge, bouge, leather bag. See Budge, n., and cf. Bouget.] 1. A bag or sack with its contents; hence, a stock or store; an accumulation; as, a budget of inventions.

2. The annual financial statement which the British chancellor of the exchequer makes in the House of Commons. It comprehends a general view of the finances of the country, with the proposed plan of taxation for the ensuing year. The term is sometimes applied to a similar statement in other countries.

To open the budget, to lay before a legislative body the financial estimates and plans of the executive government.

Budg"y, a. [From Budge, n.] Consisting of fur. [Obs.]

Bud"let (&?;), n. [Bud + -let.] A little bud springing from a parent bud.

We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another, or the parent bud from the numerous budlets which are its offspring. E. Darwin.

Buff (bf), n. [OE. buff, buffe, buff, buffalo, F. buffle buffalo. See Buffalo.] 1. A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buffalo, dressed with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen, elks, and other animals, dressed in like manner. "A suit of buff." Shak.

2. The color of buff; a light yellow, shading toward pink, gray, or brown.

A visage rough, Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff. Dryden.

3. A military coat, made of buff leather. Shak.

4. (Med.) The grayish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat. See Buffy coat, under Buffy, a.

5. (Mech.) A wheel covered with buff leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc.

6. The bare skin; as, to strip to the buff. [Colloq.]

To be in buff is equivalent to being naked. Wright.

Buff, a. 1. Made of buff leather. Goldsmith.

2. Of the color of buff.

Buff coat, a close, military outer garment, with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of buffalo skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering. -- Buff jerkin, originally, a leather waistcoat; afterward, one of cloth of a buff color. [Obs.] Nares. -- Buff stick (Mech.), a strip of wood covered with buff leather, used in polishing.

Buff, v. t. To polish with a buff. See Buff, n., 5.

Buff, v. t. [OF. bufer to cuff, buffet. See Buffet a blow.] To strike. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Buff, n. [See Buffet.] A buffet; a blow; -- obsolete except in the phrase "Blindman's buff."

Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent That made him reel. Spenser.

Buff, a. [Of uncertain etymol.] Firm; sturdy.

And for the good old cause stood buff, 'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff. Hudibras.

||Buf"fa (&?;), n. fem. (Mus.) [It. See Buffoon.] The comic actress in an opera. -- a. Comic, farcical.

Aria buffa, a droll or comic air. -- Opera buffa, a comic opera. See Opera bouffe.

Buf"fa*lo (&?;), n.; pl. Buffaloes (&?;). [Sp. bufalo (cf. It. bufalo, F. buffle), fr. L. bubalus, bufalus, a kind of African stag or gazelle; also, the buffalo or wild ox, fr. Gr. &?; buffalo, prob. fr. &?; ox. See Cow the animal, and cf. Buff the color, and Bubale.] 1. (Zoöl.) A species of the genus Bos or Bubalus (B. bubalus), originally from India, but now found in most of the warmer countries of the eastern continent. It is larger and less docile than the common ox, and is fond of marshy places and rivers.

2. (Zoöl.) A very large and savage species of the same genus (B. Caffer) found in South Africa; -- called also Cape buffalo.

3. (Zoöl.) Any species of wild ox.

4. (Zoöl.) The bison of North America.

5. A buffalo robe. See Buffalo robe, below.

6. (Zoöl.) The buffalo fish. See Buffalo fish, below.

Buffalo berry (Bot.), a shrub of the Upper Missouri (Sherherdia argentea) with acid edible red berries. -- Buffalo bird (Zoöl.), an African bird of the genus Buphaga, of two species. These birds perch upon buffaloes and cattle, in search of parasites. -- Buffalo bug, the carpet beetle. See under Carpet. -- Buffalo chips, dry dung of the buffalo, or bison, used for fuel. [U.S.] -- Buffalo clover (Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium reflexum and T.soloniferum) found in the ancient grazing grounds of the American bison. -- Buffalo cod (Zoöl.), a large, edible, marine fish (Ophiodon elongatus) of the northern Pacific coast; -- called also blue cod, and cultus cod. -- Buffalo fish (Zoöl.), one of several large fresh-water fishes of the family Catostomidæ, of the Mississippi valley. The red-mouthed or brown (Ictiobus bubalus), the big-mouthed or black (Bubalichthys urus), and the small-mouthed (B. altus), are among the more important species used as food. -- Buffalo fly, or Buffalo gnat (Zoöl.), a small dipterous insect of the genus Simulium, allied to the black fly of the North. It is often extremely abundant in the lower part of the Mississippi valley and does great injury to domestic animals, often killing large numbers of cattle and horses. In Europe the Columbatz fly is a species with similar habits. -- Buffalo grass (Bot.), a species of short, sweet grass (Buchloë dactyloides), from two to four inches high, covering the prairies on which the buffaloes, or bisons, feed. [U.S.] -- Buffalo nut (Bot.), the oily and drupelike fruit of an American shrub (Pyrularia oleifera); also, the shrub itself; oilnut. -- Buffalo robe, the skin of the bison of North America, prepared with the hair on; -- much used as a lap robe in sleighs.

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Buf"fel duck (bf"fl dk`). [See Buffalo.] (Zoöl.) A small duck (Charitonetta albeola); the spirit duck, or butterball. The head of the male is covered with numerous elongated feathers, and thus appears large. Called also bufflehead.

Buff"er (bf"r), n. [Prop a striker. See Buffet a blow.] 1. (Mech.) (a) An elastic apparatus or fender, for deadening the jar caused by the collision of bodies; as, a buffer at the end of a railroad car. (b) A pad or cushion forming the end of a fender, which receives the blow; -- sometimes called buffing apparatus.

2. One who polishes with a buff.

3. A wheel for buffing; a buff.

4. A good-humored, slow-witted fellow; -- usually said of an elderly man. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Buff"er*head` (&?;), n. The head of a buffer, which recieves the concussion, in railroad carriages.

Buf*fet" (bf*f"), n. [F. buffet, LL. bufetum; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. the same source as E. buffet a blow, the root meaning to puff, hence (cf. puffed up) the idea of ostentation or display.] 1. A cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc., a sideboard.

Not when a gilt buffet's reflected pride Turns you from sound philosophy aside. Pope.

2. A counter for refreshments; a restaurant at a railroad station, or place of public gathering.

Buf"fet (bf"ft), n. [OE. buffet, boffet, OF. buffet a slap in the face, a pair of bellows, fr. buffe blow, cf. F. bouffer to blow, puff; prob. akin to E. puff. For the meaning slap, blow, cf. F. soufflet a slap, souffler to blow. See Puff, v. i., and cf. Buffet sidebroad, Buffoon] 1. A blow with the hand; a slap on the face; a cuff.

When on his cheek a buffet fell. Sir W. Scott.

2. A blow from any source, or that which affects like a blow, as the violence of winds or waves; a stroke; an adverse action; an affliction; a trial; adversity.

Those planks of tough and hardy oak that used for yeas to brave the buffets of the Bay of Biscay. Burke.

Fortune's buffets and rewards. Shak.

3. A small stool; a stool for a buffet or counter.

Go fetch us a light buffet. Townely Myst.

Buf"fet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buffeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Buffeting.] [OE. buffeten, OF. buffeter. See the preceding noun.] 1. To strike with the hand or fist; to box; to beat; to cuff; to slap.

They spit in his face and buffeted him. Matt. xxvi. 67.

2. To affect as with blows; to strike repeatedly; to strive with or contend against; as, to buffet the billows.

The sudden hurricane in thunder roars, Buffets the bark, and whirls it from the shores. Broome.

You are lucky fellows who can live in a dreamland of your own, instead of being buffeted about the world. W. Black.

3. [Cf. Buffer.] To deaden the sound of (bells) by muffling the clapper.

Buf"fet, v. i. 1. To exercise or play at boxing; to strike; to smite; to strive; to contend.

If I might buffet for my love, or bound my horse for her favors, I could lay on like a butcher. Shak.

2. To make one's way by blows or struggling.

Strove to buffet to land in vain. Tennyson.

Buf"fet*er (&?;), n. One who buffets; a boxer. Jonson.

Buf"fet*ing, n. 1. A striking with the hand.

2. A succession of blows; continued violence, as of winds or waves; afflictions; adversity.

He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but . . . fitted to endure the buffeting on the rudest storm. Wirt.

Buf"fin (&?;), n. [So called from resembling buff &?;eather.] A sort of coarse stuff; as, buffin gowns. [Obs.]

Buff"ing ap`pa*ra"tus (&?;). See Buffer, 1.

Buf"fle (&?;), n. [OE., from F. buffle. See Buffalo.] The buffalo. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Buf"fle, v. i. To puzzle; to be at a loss. [Obs.] Swift.

Buf"fle*head` (&?;), n. [Buffle + head.] 1. One who has a large head; a heavy, stupid fellow. [Obs.]

What makes you stare so, bufflehead? Plautus (trans. 1694).

2. (Zoöl.) The buffel duck. See Buffel duck.

Buf"fle-head`ed, a. Having a large head, like a buffalo; dull; stupid; blundering. [Obs.]

So fell this buffle-headed giant. Gayton.

||Buf"fo (&?;), n.masc. [It. See Buffoon.] (Mus.) The comic actor in an opera.

Buf*foon" (&?;), n. [F. bouffon (cf. It. buffone, buffo, buffa, puff of wind, vanity, nonsense, trick), fr. bouffer to puff out, because the buffoons puffed out their cheeks for the amusement of the spectators. See Buffet a blow.] A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a merry-andrew.

Buf*foon" (&?;), a. Characteristic of, or like, a buffoon. "Buffoon stories." Macaulay.

To divert the audience with buffoon postures and antic dances. Melmoth.

Buf*foon", v. i. To act the part of a buffoon. [R.]

Buf*foon", v. t. To treat with buffoonery. Glanvill.

Buf*foon"er*y (&?;), n.; pl. Buffooneries (&?;). [F. bouffonnerie.] The arts and practices of a buffoon, as low jests, ridiculous pranks, vulgar tricks and postures.

Nor that it will ever constitute a wit to conclude a tart piece of buffoonery with a "What makes you blush?" Spectator.

Buf*foon"ish, a. Like a buffoon; consisting in low jests or gestures. Blair.

Buf*foon"ism (&?;), n. The practices of a buffoon; buffoonery.

Buf*foon"ly, a. Low; vulgar. [R.]

Apish tricks and buffoonly discourse. Goodman.

Buff"y (&?;), a. (Med.) Resembling, or characterized by, buff.

Buffy coat, the coagulated plasma of blood when the red corpuscles have so settled out that the coagulum appears nearly colorless. This is common in diseased conditions where the corpuscles run together more rapidly and in denser masses than usual. Huxley.

||Bu"fo (&?;), n. [L. bufo a toad.] (Zoöl.) A genus of Amphibia including various species of toads.

Bu"fon*ite (&?;), n. [L. bufo toad: cf. F. bufonite.] (Paleon.) An old name for a fossil consisting of the petrified teeth and palatal bones of fishes belonging to the family of Pycnodonts (thick teeth), whose remains occur in the oölite and chalk formations; toadstone; -- so named from a notion that it was originally formed in the head of a toad.

Bug (&?;), n. [OE. bugge, fr. W. bwg, bwgan, hobgoblin, scarecrow, bugbear. Cf. Bogey, Boggle.] 1. A bugbear; anything which terrifies. [Obs.]

Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with I seek. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.) A general name applied to various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; as, the squash bug; the chinch bug, etc.

3. (Zoöl.) An insect of the genus Cimex, especially the bedbug (C. lectularius). See Bedbug.