Chapter 108

Book"sell`ing (&?;), n. The employment of selling books.

Book"shelf` (&?;), n.; pl. Bookshelves (&?;). A shelf to hold books.

Book"shop` (&?;), n. A bookseller's shop. [Eng.]

Book"stall` (&?;), n. A stall or stand where books are sold.

Book"stand` (&?;), n. 1. A place or stand for the sale of books in the streets; a bookstall.

2. A stand to hold books for reading or reference.

Book"store` (&?;), n. A store where books are kept for sale; -- called in England a bookseller's shop.

Book"work` (&?;), n. 1. Work done upon a book or books (as in a printing office), in distinction from newspaper or job work.

2. Study; application to books.

Book"worm` (&?;), n. 1. (Zoöl.) Any larva of a beetle or moth, which is injurious to books. Many species are known.

2. A student closely attached to books or addicted to study; a reader without appreciation.

I wanted but a black gown and a salary to be as mere a bookworm as any there. Pope.

Book"y (&?;), a. Bookish.

Boo"ly (&?;), n.; pl. Boolies (&?;). [Ir. buachail cowherd; bo cow + giolla boy.] A company of Irish herdsmen, or a single herdsman, wandering from place to place with flocks and herds, and living on their milk, like the Tartars; also, a place in the mountain pastures inclosed for the shelter of cattle or their keepers. [Obs.] [Written also boley, bolye, bouillie.] Spenser.

Boom (bm), n. [D. boom tree, pole, beam, bar. See Beam.] 1. (Naut.) A long pole or spar, run out for the purpose of extending the bottom of a particular sail; as, the jib boom, the studding-sail boom, etc.

2. (Mech.) A long spar or beam, projecting from the mast of a derrick, from the outer end of which the body to be lifted is suspended.

3. A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark the channel in a river or harbor. [Obs.]

4. (Mil. & Naval) A strong chain cable, or line of spars bound together, extended across a river or the mouth of a harbor, to obstruct navigation or passage.

5. (Lumbering) A line of connected floating timbers stretched across a river, or inclosing an area of water, to keep saw logs, etc., from floating away.

Boom iron, one of the iron rings on the yards through which the studding-sail booms traverse. -- The booms, that space on the upper deck of a ship between the foremast and mainmast, where the boats, spare spars, etc., are stowed. Totten.

Boom (bm), v. t. (Naut.) To extend, or push, with a boom or pole; as, to boom out a sail; to boom off a boat.

Boom (bm), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Boomed (&?;), p. pr. & vb. n. Booming.] [Of imitative origin; cf. OE. bommen to hum, D. bommen to drum, sound as an empty barrel, also W. bwmp a hollow sound; aderyn y bwmp, the bird of the hollow sound, i. e., the bittern. Cf. Bum, Bump, v. i., Bomb, v. i.] 1. To cry with a hollow note; to make a hollow sound, as the bittern, and some insects.

At eve the beetle boometh Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson.

2. To make a hollow sound, as of waves or cannon.

Alarm guns booming through the night air. W. Irving.

3. To rush with violence and noise, as a ship under a press of sail, before a free wind.

She comes booming down before it. Totten.

4. To have a rapid growth in market value or in popular favor; to go on rushingly.

Boom, n. 1. A hollow roar, as of waves or cannon; also, the hollow cry of the bittern; a booming.

2. A strong and extensive advance, with more or less noisy excitement; -- applied colloquially or humorously to market prices, the demand for stocks or commodities and to political chances of aspirants to office; as, a boom in the stock market; a boom in coffee. [Colloq. U. S.]

Boom, v. t. To cause to advance rapidly in price; as, to boom railroad or mining shares; to create a "boom" for; as to boom Mr. C. for senator. [Colloq. U. S.]

||Boom"das (&?;), n. [D. boom tree + das badger.] (Zoöl.) A small African hyracoid mammal (Dendrohyrax arboreus) resembling the daman.

Boom"er (&?;), n. 1. One who, or that which, booms.

2. (Zoöl.) A North American rodent, so named because it is said to make a booming noise. See Sewellel.

3. (Zoöl.) A large male kangaroo.

4. One who works up a "boom". [Slang, U. S.]

Boom"er*ang (&?;), n. A very singular missile weapon used by the natives of Australia and in some parts of India. It is usually a curved stick of hard wood, from twenty to thirty inches in length, from two to three inches wide, and half or three quarters of an inch thick. When thrown from the hand with a quick rotary motion, it describes very remarkable curves, according to the shape of the instrument and the manner of throwing it, often moving nearly horizontally a long distance, then curving upward to a considerable height, and finally taking a retrograde direction, so as to fall near the place from which it was thrown, or even far in the rear of it.

Boom"ing, a. 1. Rushing with violence; swelling with a hollow sound; making a hollow sound or note; roaring; resounding.

O'er the sea-beat ships the booming waters roar. Falcone.

2. Advancing or increasing amid noisy excitement; as, booming prices; booming popularity. [Colloq. U. S.]

Boom"ing, n. The act of producing a hollow or roaring sound; a violent rushing with heavy roar; as, the booming of the sea; a deep, hollow sound; as, the booming of bitterns. Howitt.

Boom"kin (&?;), n. (Naut.) Same as Bumkin.

||Boo"mo*rah (&?;), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A small West African chevrotain (Hyæmoschus aquaticus), resembling the musk deer.

||Boom"slang*e (&?;), n. [D. boom tree + slang snake.] (Zoöl.) A large South African tree snake (Bucephalus Capensis). Although considered venomous by natives, it has no poison fangs.

Boon (bn), n. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. bn; akin to Sw. & Dan. bän, AS. bn, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. √86. See 2d Ban, Bounty.] 1. A prayer or petition. [Obs.]

For which to God he made so many an idle boon. Spenser.

2. That which is asked or granted as a benefit or favor; a gift; a benefaction; a grant; a present.

Every good gift and every perfect boon is from above. James i. 17 (Rev. Ver. ).

Boon, a. [F. bon. See Boon, n.] 1. Good; prosperous; as, boon voyage. [Obs.]

2. Kind; bountiful; benign.

Which . . . Nature boon Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain. Milton.

3. Gay; merry; jovial; convivial.

A boon companion, loving his bottle. Arbuthnot.

Boon, n. [Scot. boon, bune, been, Gael. & Ir. bunach coarse tow, fr. bun root, stubble.] The woody portion flax, which is separated from the fiber as refuse matter by retting, braking, and scutching.

Boor (&?;), n. [D. boer farmer, boor; akin to AS. geb&?;r countryman, G. bauer; fr. the root of AS. b&?;an to inhabit, and akin to E. bower, be. Cf. Neighbor, Boer, and Big to build.] 1. A husbandman; a peasant; a rustic; esp. a clownish or unrefined countryman.

2. A Dutch, German, or Russian peasant; esp. a Dutch colonist in South Africa, Guiana, etc.: a boer.

3. A rude ill-bred person; one who is clownish in manners.

Boor"ish, a. Like a boor; clownish; uncultured; unmannerly. -- Boor"ish*ly, adv. -- Boor"ish*ness, n.

Which is in truth a gross and boorish opinion. Milton.

Boort (&?;), n. See Bort.

Boose (&?;), n. [AS. bs, bsig; akin to Icel. bss, Sw. bås, Dan. baas, stall, G. banse, Goth. bansts barn, Skr. bhsas stall. √252.] A stall or a crib for an ox, cow, or other animal. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Boose (&?;), v. i. To drink excessively. See Booze.

Boos"er (&?;), n. A toper; a guzzler. See Boozer.

Boost (bst), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boosted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boosting.] [Cf. Boast, v. i.] To lift or push from behind (one who is endeavoring to climb); to push up; hence, to assist in overcoming obstacles, or in making advancement. [Colloq. U. S.]

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Boost (bst), n. A push from behind, as to one who is endeavoring to climb; help. [Colloq. U. S.]

Boot (bt), n. [OE. bot, bote, advantage, amends, cure, AS. bt; akin to Icel. bt, Sw. bot, Dan. bod, Goth. bta, D. boete, G. busse; prop., a making good or better, from the root of E. better, adj. &radic;255.] 1. Remedy; relief; amends; reparation; hence, one who brings relief.

He gaf the sike man his boote. Chaucer.

Thou art boot for many a bruise And healest many a wound. Sir W. Scott.

Next her Son, our soul's best boot. Wordsworth.

2. That which is given to make an exchange equal, or to make up for the deficiency of value in one of the things exchanged.

I'll give you boot, I'll give you three for one. Shak.

3. Profit; gain; advantage; use. [Obs.]

Then talk no more of flight, it is no boot. Shak.

To boot, in addition; over and above; besides; as a compensation for the difference of value between things bartered.

Helen, to change, would give an eye to boot. Shak.

A man's heaviness is refreshed long before he comes to drunkenness, for when he arrives thither he hath but changed his heaviness, and taken a crime to boot. Jer. Taylor.

Boot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.] 1. To profit; to advantage; to avail; -- generally followed by it; as, what boots it?

What booteth it to others that we wish them well, and do nothing for them? Hooker.

What subdued To change like this a mind so far imbued With scorn of man, it little boots to know. Byron.

What boots to us your victories? Southey.

2. To enrich; to benefit; to give in addition. [Obs.]

And I will boot thee with what gift beside Thy modesty can beg. Shak.

Boot, n. [OE. bote, OF. bote, F. botte, LL. botta; of uncertain origin.] 1. A covering for the foot and lower part of the leg, ordinarily made of leather.

2. An instrument of torture for the leg, formerly used to extort confessions, particularly in Scotland.

So he was put to the torture, which in Scotland they call the boots; for they put a pair of iron boots close on the leg, and drive wedges between them and the leg. Bp. Burnet.

3. A place at the side of a coach, where attendants rode; also, a low outside place before and behind the body of the coach. [Obs.]

4. A place for baggage at either end of an old- fashioned stagecoach.

5. An apron or cover (of leather or rubber cloth) for the driving seat of a vehicle, to protect from rain and mud.

6. (Plumbing) The metal casing and flange fitted about a pipe where it passes through a roof.

Boot catcher, the person at an inn whose business it was to pull off boots and clean them. [Obs.] Swift. -- Boot closer, one who, or that which, sews the uppers of boots. -- Boot crimp, a frame or device used by bootmakers for drawing and shaping the body of a boot. -- Boot hook, a hook with a handle, used for pulling on boots. -- Boots and saddles (Cavalry Tactics), the trumpet call which is the first signal for mounted drill. -- Sly boots. See Slyboots, in the Vocabulary.

Boot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.] 1. To put boots on, esp. for riding.

Coated and booted for it. B. Jonson.

2. To punish by kicking with a booted foot. [U. S.]

Boot, v. i. To boot one's self; to put on one's boots.

Boot, n. Booty; spoil. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

Boot"black` (&?;), n. One who blacks boots.

Boot"ed (&?;), a. 1. Wearing boots, especially boots with long tops, as for riding; as, a booted squire.

2. (Zoöl.) Having an undivided, horny, bootlike covering; -- said of the tarsus of some birds.

Boot*ee" (&?;), n. A half boot or short boot.

||Bo*ö"tes (b*"tz), n. [L. Bootes, Gr. bow`ths herdsman, fr. boy^s, gen. boo`s, ox, cow.] (Astron.) A northern constellation, containing the bright star Arcturus.

Booth (b), n. [OE. bothe; cf. Icel. bð, Dan. & Sw. bod, MHG. buode, G. bude, baude; from the same root as AS. ban to dwell, E. boor, bower, be; cf. Bohem. bauda, Pol. buda, Russ. budka, Lith. buda, W. bwth, pl. bythod, Gael. buth, Ir. both.] 1. A house or shed built of boards, boughs, or other slight materials, for temporary occupation. Camden.

2. A covered stall or temporary structure in a fair or market, or at a polling place.

Boot"hale` (&?;), v. t. & i. [Boot, for booty + hale.] To forage for booty; to plunder. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Boot"hose` (&?;), n. 1. Stocking hose, or spatterdashes, in lieu of boots. Shak.

2. Hose made to be worn with boots, as by travelers on horseback. Sir W. Scott.

Booth"y (&?;), n. See Bothy.

Boot"i*kin (&?;), n. [Boot + - kin.] 1. A little boot, legging, or gaiter.

2. A covering for the foot or hand, worn as a cure for the gout. H. Walpole.

Boot"ing, n. Advantage; gain; gain by plunder; booty. [Obs.] Sir. J. Harrington.

Boot"ing, n. 1. A kind of torture. See Boot, n., 2.

2. A kicking, as with a booted foot. [U. S.]

Boot"jack` (&?;), n. A device for pulling off boots.

Boot"less (&?;), a. [From Boot profit.] Unavailing; unprofitable; useless; without advantage or success. Chaucer.

I'll follow him no more with bootless prayers. Shak.

-- Boot"less*ly, adv. -- Boot"less*ness, n.

Boot"lick` (&?;), n. A toady. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett.

Boot"mak`er (&?;), n. One who makes boots. -- Boot"mak`ing, n.

Boots (&?;), n. A servant at a hotel or elsewhere, who cleans and blacks the boots and shoes.

Boot"top`ping (&?;), n. 1. (Naut.) The act or process of daubing a vessel's bottom near the surface of the water with a mixture of tallow, sulphur, and resin, as a temporary protection against worms, after the slime, shells, etc., have been scraped off.

2. (Naut.) Sheathing a vessel with planking over felt.

Boot"tree` (&?;), n. [Boot + tree wood, timber.] An instrument to stretch and widen the leg of a boot, consisting of two pieces, together shaped like a leg, between which, when put into the boot, a wedge is driven.

The pretty boots trimly stretched on boottrees. Thackeray.

Boo"ty (&?;), n. [Cf. Icel. b&?;ti exchange, barter, Sw. byte barter, booty, Dan. bytte; akin to D. buit booty, G. beute, and fr. Icel. byta, Sw. byta, Dan. bytte, to distribute, exchange. The Scandinavian word was influenced in English by boot profit.] That which is seized by violence or obtained by robbery, especially collective spoil taken in war; plunder; pillage. Milton.

To play booty, to play dishonestly, with an intent to lose; to allow one's adversary to win at cards at first, in order to induce him to continue playing and victimize him afterwards. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Booze (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Boozed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Boozing.] [D. buizen; akin to G. bausen, and perh. fr. D. buis tube, channel, bus box, jar.] To drink greedily or immoderately, esp. alcoholic liquor; to tipple. [Written also bouse, and boose.] Landor.

This is better than boozing in public houses. H. R. Haweis.

Booze, n. A carouse; a drinking. Sir W. Scott.

Booz"er (&?;), n. One who boozes; a toper; a guzzler of alcoholic liquors; a bouser.

Booz"y (&?;), a. A little intoxicated; fuddled; stupid with liquor; bousy. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley.

Bo*peep" (&?;), n. [Bo + peep.] The act of looking out suddenly, as from behind a screen, so as to startle some one (as by children in play), or of looking out and drawing suddenly back, as if frightened.

I for sorrow sung, That such a king should play bopeep, And go the fools among. Shak.

Bor"a*ble (&?;), a. Capable of being bored. [R.]

Bo*rach"te (&?;), n. [Sp. borracha a leather bottle for wine, borracho drunk, fr. borra a lamb.] A large leather bottle for liquors, etc., made of the skin of a goat or other animal. Hence: A drunkard. [Obs.]

You're an absolute borachio. Congreve.

Bo*rac"ic (&?;), a. [Cf. F. boracique. See Borax.] Pertaining to, or produced from, borax; containing boron; boric; as, boracic acid.

Bo"ra*cite (&?;), n. (Min.) A mineral of a white or gray color occurring massive and in isometric crystals; in composition it is a magnesium borate with magnesium chloride.

Bo"ra*cous (&?;), a. (Chem.) Relating to, or obtained from, borax; containing borax.

Bor"age (&?;), n. [OE. borage (cf. F. bourrache, It. borraggine, borrace, LL. borago, borrago, LGr. &?;), fr. LL. borra, F. bourre, hair of beasts, flock; so called from its hairy leaves.] (Bot.) A mucilaginous plant of the genus Borago (B. officinalis), which is used, esp. in France, as a demulcent and diaphoretic.

Bor"age*wort` (&?;), n. Plant of the Borage family.

Bo*rag`i*na"ceous (&?;), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants (Boraginaceæ) which includes the borage, heliotrope, beggar's lice, and many pestiferous plants.

Bor`a*gin"e*ous (&?;), a. (Bot.) Relating to the Borage tribe; boraginaceous.

Bor"a*mez (&?;), n. See Barometz.

Bo"rate (&?;), n. [From Boric.] (Chem.) A salt formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or positive radical.

Bo"rax (&?;), n. [OE. boras, fr. F. borax, earlier spelt borras; cf. LL. borax, Sp. borraj; all fr. Ar. b&?;rag, fr. Pers. b&?;rah.] A white or gray crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors on porcelain, and as a soap. It occurs native in certain mineral springs, and is made from the boric acid of hot springs in Tuscany. It was originally obtained from a lake in Thibet, and was sent to Europe under the name of tincal. Borax is a pyroborate or tetraborate of sodium, Na2B4O7.10H2O.

Borax bead. (Chem.) See Bead, n., 3.

Bor"bo*rygm (&?;), n. [F. borborygme, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to rumble in the bowels.] (Med.) A rumbling or gurgling noise produced by wind in the bowels. Dunglison.

Bord (&?;), n. [See Board, n.] 1. A board; a table. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Mining) The face of coal parallel to the natural fissures.

Bord (&?;), n. See Bourd. [Obs.] Spenser.

Bord"age (&?;), n. [LL. bordagium.] The base or servile tenure by which a bordar held his cottage.

Bord"ar (&?;), n. [LL. bordarius, fr. borda a cottage; of uncertain origin.] A villein who rendered menial service for his cottage; a cottier.

The cottar, the bordar, and the laborer were bound to aid in the work of the home farm. J. R. Green.

Bor*deaux" (&?;), a. Pertaining to Bordeaux in the south of France. -- n. A claret wine from Bordeaux.

{ Bor"del (&?;), Bor*del"lo (&?;), } n. [F. bordel, orig. a little hut, OF. borde hut, cabin, of German origin, and akin to E. board, n. See Board, n.] A brothel; a bawdyhouse; a house devoted to prostitution. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

||Bor`de*lais" (&?;), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Bordeaux, in France, or to the district around Bordeaux.

Bor"del*ler (&?;), n. A keeper or a frequenter of a brothel. [Obs.] Gower.

Bor"der (&?;), n. [OE. bordure, F. bordure, fr. border to border, fr. bord a border; of German origin; cf. MHG. borte border, trimming, G. borte trimming, ribbon; akin to E. board in sense 8. See Board, n., and cf. Bordure.] 1. The outer part or edge of anything, as of a garment, a garden, etc.; margin; verge; brink.

Upon the borders of these solitudes. Bentham.

In the borders of death. Barrow.

2. A boundary; a frontier of a state or of the settled part of a country; a frontier district.

3. A strip or stripe arranged along or near the edge of something, as an ornament or finish.

4. A narrow flower bed.

Border land, land on the frontiers of two adjoining countries; debatable land; -- often used figuratively; as, the border land of science. -- The Border, The Borders, specifically, the frontier districts of Scotland and England which lie adjacent. -- Over the border, across the boundary line or frontier.

Syn. -- Edge; verge; brink; margin; brim; rim; boundary; confine.

Bor"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bordered (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bordering.] 1. To touch at the edge or boundary; to be contiguous or adjacent; -- with on or upon as, Connecticut borders on Massachusetts.

2. To approach; to come near to; to verge.

Wit which borders upon profaneness deserves to be branded as folly. Abp. Tillotson.

Bor"der, v. t. 1. To make a border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; as, to border a garment or a garden.

2. To be, or to have, contiguous to; to touch, or be touched, as by a border; to be, or to have, near the limits or boundary; as, the region borders a forest, or is bordered on the north by a forest.

The country is bordered by a broad tract called the "hot region." Prescott.

Shebah and Raamah . . . border the sea called the Persian gulf. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. To confine within bounds; to limit. [Obs.]

That nature, which contemns its origin, Can not be bordered certain in itself. Shak.

Bor"der*er (&?;), n. One who dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines of a country, region, or tract of land; one who dwells near to a place or region.

Borderers of the Caspian. Dyer.

Bord"land` (&?;), n. [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + land.] (O. Eng. Law) Either land held by a bordar, or the land which a lord kept for the maintenance of his board, or table. Spelman.

Bord"lode` (&?;), n. [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + lode leading.] (O. Eng. Law) The service formerly required of a tenant, to carry timber from the woods to the lord's house. Bailey. Mozley & W.

Bord"man (&?;), n. [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + man.] A bordar; a tenant in bordage.

{ Bord"rag (&?;), Bord"ra`ging (&?;), } n. [Perh. from OE. bord, for border + raging. Cf. Bodrage.] An incursion upon the borders of a country; a raid. [Obs.] Spenser.

Bord" serv`ice (&?;). [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + service.] (O. Eng. Law) Service due from a bordar; bordage.

Bor"dure (&?;), n. [F. bordure. See Border, n.] (Her.) A border one fifth the width of the shield, surrounding the field. It is usually plain, but may be charged.

Bore (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bored (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Boring.] [OE. borien, AS. borian; akin to Icel. bora, Dan. bore, D. boren, OHG. por&?;n, G. bohren, L. forare, Gr. &?; to plow, Zend bar. &radic;91.] 1. To perforate or penetrate, as a solid body, by turning an auger, gimlet, drill, or other instrument; to make a round hole in or through; to pierce; as, to bore a plank.

I'll believe as soon this whole earth may be bored. Shak.

2. To form or enlarge by means of a boring instrument or apparatus; as, to bore a steam cylinder or a gun barrel; to bore a hole.

Short but very powerful jaws, by means whereof the insect can bore, as with a centerbit, a cylindrical passage through the most solid wood. T. W. Harris.

3. To make (a passage) by laborious effort, as in boring; as, to bore one's way through a crowd; to force a narrow and difficult passage through. "What bustling crowds I bored." Gay.

4. To weary by tedious iteration or by dullness; to tire; to trouble; to vex; to annoy; to pester.

He bores me with some trick. Shak.

Used to come and bore me at rare intervals. Carlyle.

5. To befool; to trick. [Obs.]

I am abused, betrayed; I am laughed at, scorned, Baffled and bored, it seems. Beau. & Fl.

Bore, v. i. 1. To make a hole or perforation with, or as with, a boring instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool; as, to bore for water or oil (i. e., to sink a well by boring for water or oil); to bore with a gimlet; to bore into a tree (as insects).

2. To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument that cuts as it turns; as, this timber does not bore well, or is hard to bore.

3. To push forward in a certain direction with laborious effort.

They take their flight . . . boring to the west. Dryden.

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4. (Man.) To shoot out the nose or toss it in the air; -- said of a horse. Crabb.

Bore (br), n. 1. A hole made by boring; a perforation.

2. The internal cylindrical cavity of a gun, cannon, pistol, or other firearm, or of a pipe or tube.

The bores of wind instruments. Bacon.

Love's counselor should fill the bores of hearing. Shak.

3. The size of a hole; the interior diameter of a tube or gun barrel; the caliber.

4. A tool for making a hole by boring, as an auger.

5. Caliber; importance. [Obs.]

Yet are they much too light for the bore of the matter. Shak.

6. A person or thing that wearies by prolixity or dullness; a tiresome person or affair; any person or thing which causes ennui.