Chapter 104

Board (brd), n. [OE. bord, AS. bord board, shipboard; akin to bred plank, Icel. borð board, side of a ship, Goth. ftu-baurd footstool, D. bord board, G. brett, bort. See def. 8. √92.] 1. A piece of timber sawed thin, and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the thickness, -- used for building, etc.

When sawed thick, as over one and a half or two inches, it is usually called a plank.

2. A table to put food upon.

The term board answers to the modern table, but it was often movable, and placed on trestles. Halliwell.

Fruit of all kinds . . . She gathers, tribute large, and on the board Heaps with unsparing hand. Milton.

3. Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated meals; provision; entertainment; -- usually as furnished for pay; as, to work for one's board; the price of board.

4. A table at which a council or court is held. Hence: A council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or direction of some public or private business or trust; as, the Board of Admiralty; a board of trade; a board of directors, trustees, commissioners, etc.

Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat then at that board. Clarendon.

We may judge from their letters to the board. Porteus.

5. A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other material used for some special purpose, as, a molding board; a board or surface painted or arranged for a game; as, a chessboard; a backgammon board.

6. Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.; pasteboard; as, to bind a book in boards.

7. pl. The stage in a theater; as, to go upon the boards, to enter upon the theatrical profession.

8. [In this use originally perh. a different word meaning border, margin; cf. D. boord, G. bord, shipboard, and G. borte trimming; also F. bord (fr. G.) the side of a ship. Cf. Border.] The border or side of anything. (Naut.) (a) The side of a ship. "Now board to board the rival vessels row." Dryden. See On board, below. (b) The stretch which a ship makes in one tack.

Board is much used adjectively or as the last part of a compound; as, fir board, clapboard, floor board, shipboard, sideboard, ironing board, chessboard, cardboard, pasteboard, seaboard; board measure.

The American Board, a shortened form of "The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions" (the foreign missionary society of the American Congregational churches). -- Bed and board. See under Bed. -- Board and board (Naut.), side by side. -- Board of control, six privy councilors formerly appointed to superintend the affairs of the British East Indies. Stormonth. -- Board rule, a figured scale for finding without calculation the number of square feet in a board. Haldeman. -- Board of trade, in England, a committee of the privy council appointed to superintend matters relating to trade. In the United States, a body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of their business interests; a chamber of commerce. -- Board wages. (a) Food and lodging supplied as compensation for services; as, to work hard, and get only board wages. (b) Money wages which are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging. (c) A separate or special allowance of wages for the procurement of food, or food and lodging. Dryden. -- By the board, over the board, or side. "The mast went by the board." Totten. Hence (Fig.), To go by the board, to suffer complete destruction or overthrow. -- To enter on the boards, to have one's name inscribed on a board or tablet in a college as a student. [Cambridge, England.] "Having been entered on the boards of Trinity college." Hallam. -- To make a good board (Naut.), to sail in a straight line when close-hauled; to lose little to leeward. -- To make short boards, to tack frequently. -- On board. (a) On shipboard; in a ship or a boat; on board of; as, I came on board early; to be on board ship. (b) In or into a railway car or train. [Colloq. U. S.] -- Returning board, a board empowered to canvass and make an official statement of the votes cast at an election. [U.S.]

Board, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Boarding.] 1. To cover with boards or boarding; as, to board a house. "The boarded hovel." Cowper.

2. [Cf. Board to accost, and see Board, n.] To go on board of, or enter, as a ship, whether in a hostile or a friendly way.

You board an enemy to capture her, and a stranger to receive news or make a communication. Totten.

3. To enter, as a railway car. [Colloq. U. S.]

4. To furnish with regular meals, or with meals and lodgings, for compensation; to supply with daily meals.

5. To place at board, for compensation; as, to board one's horse at a livery stable.

Board (&?;), v. i. To obtain meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for compensation; as, he boards at the hotel.

We are several of us, gentlemen and ladies, who board in the same house. Spectator.

Board, v. t. [F. aborder. See Abord, v. t.] To approach; to accost; to address; hence, to woo. [Obs.]

I will board her, though she chide as loud As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack. Shak.

Board"a*ble (&?;), a. That can be boarded, as a ship.

Board"er (&?;), n. 1. One who has food statedly at another's table, or meals and lodgings in his house, for pay, or compensation of any kind.

2. (Naut.) One who boards a ship; one selected to board an enemy's ship. Totten.

Board"ing, n. 1. (Naut.) The act of entering a ship, whether with a hostile or a friendly purpose.

Both slain at one time, as they attempted the boarding of a frigate. Sir F. Drake.

2. The act of covering with boards; also, boards, collectively; or a covering made of boards.

3. The act of supplying, or the state of being supplied, with regular or specified meals, or with meals and lodgings, for pay.

Boarding house, a house in which boarders are kept. -- Boarding nettings (Naut.), a strong network of cords or ropes erected at the side of a ship to prevent an enemy from boarding it. -- Boarding pike (Naut.), a pike used by sailors in boarding a vessel, or in repelling an attempt to board it. Totten. -- Boarding school, a school in which pupils receive board and lodging as well as instruction.

Boar"fish` (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A Mediterranean fish (Capros aper), of the family Caproidæ; -- so called from the resemblance of the extended lips to a hog's snout. (b) An Australian percoid fish (Histiopterus recurvirostris), valued as a food fish.

Boar"ish, a. Swinish; brutal; cruel.

In his anointed flesh stick boarish fangs. Shak.

Boast (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Boasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boasting.] [OE. bosten, boosten, v., bost, boost, n., noise, boasting; cf. G. bausen, bauschen, to swell, pusten, Dan. puste, Sw. pusta, to blow, Sw. pösa to swell; or W. bostio to boast, bost boast, Gael. bosd. But these last may be from English.] 1. To vaunt one's self; to brag; to say or tell things which are intended to give others a high opinion of one's self or of things belonging to one's self; as, to boast of one's exploits courage, descent, wealth.

By grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: . . not of works, lest any man should boast. Eph. ii. 8, 9.

2. To speak in exulting language of another; to glory; to exult.

In God we boast all the day long. Ps. xliv. 8

Syn. -- To brag; bluster; vapor; crow; talk big.

Boast, v. t. 1. To display in ostentatious language; to speak of with pride, vanity, or exultation, with a view to self-commendation; to extol.

Lest bad men should boast Their specious deeds. Milton.

2. To display vaingloriously.

3. To possess or have; as, to boast a name.

To boast one's self, to speak with unbecoming confidence in, and approval of, one's self; -- followed by of and the thing to which the boasting relates. [Archaic]

Boast not thyself of to-morrow. Prov. xxvii. 1

Boast, v. t. [Of uncertain etymology.] 1. (Masonry) To dress, as a stone, with a broad chisel. Weale.

2. (Sculp.) To shape roughly as a preparation for the finer work to follow; to cut to the general form required.

Boast, n. 1. Act of boasting; vaunting or bragging.

Reason and morals? and where live they most, In Christian comfort, or in Stoic boast! Byron.

2. The cause of boasting; occasion of pride or exultation, -- sometimes of laudable pride or exultation.

The boast of historians. Macaulay.

Boast"ance (&?;), n. Boasting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Boast"er (&?;), n. One who boasts; a braggart.

Boast"er, n. A stone mason's broad-faced chisel.

Boast"ful (&?;), a. Given to, or full of, boasting; inclined to boast; vaunting; vainglorious; self- praising. -- Boast"ful*ly, adv. -- Boast"ful*ness, n.

Boast"ing, n. The act of glorying or vaunting; vainglorious speaking; ostentatious display.

When boasting ends, then dignity begins. Young.

Boast"ing*ly, adv. Boastfully; with boasting. "He boastingly tells you." Burke.

Boast"ive (&?;), a. Presumptuous. [R.]

Boast"less, a. Without boasting or ostentation.

Boat (&?;), n. [OE. boot, bat, AS. bt; akin to Icel. btr, Sw. båt, Dan. baad, D. & G. boot. Cf. Bateau.]

1. A small open vessel, or water craft, usually moved by cars or paddles, but often by a sail.

Different kinds of boats have different names; as, canoe, yawl, wherry, pinnace, punt, etc.

2. Hence, any vessel; usually with some epithet descriptive of its use or mode of propulsion; as, pilot boat, packet boat, passage boat, advice boat, etc. The term is sometimes applied to steam vessels, even of the largest class; as, the Cunard boats.

3. A vehicle, utensil, or dish, somewhat resembling a boat in shape; as, a stone boat; a gravy boat.

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Boat is much used either adjectively or in combination; as, boat builder or boatbuilder; boat building or boatbuilding; boat hook or boathook; boathouse; boat keeper or boatkeeper; boat load; boat race; boat racing; boat rowing; boat song; boatlike; boat-shaped.

Advice boat. See under Advice. -- Boat hook (Naut.), an iron hook with a point on the back, fixed to a long pole, to pull or push a boat, raft, log, etc. Totten. -- Boat rope, a rope for fastening a boat; -- usually called a painter. -- In the same boat, in the same situation or predicament. [Colloq.] F. W. Newman.

Boat (bt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boated; p. pr. & vb. n. Boating.] 1. To transport in a boat; as, to boat goods.

2. To place in a boat; as, to boat oars.

To boat the oars. See under Oar.

Boat, v. i. To go or row in a boat.

I boated over, ran my craft aground. Tennyson.

Boat"a*ble (&?;), a. 1. Such as can be transported in a boat.

2. Navigable for boats, or small river craft.

The boatable waters of the Alleghany. J. Morse.

Boat"age (&?;), n. Conveyance by boat; also, a charge for such conveyance.

Boat"bill` (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) 1. A wading bird (Cancroma cochlearia) of the tropical parts of South America. Its bill is somewhat like a boat with the keel uppermost.

2. A perching bird of India, of the genus Eurylaimus.

Boat" bug` (&?;). (Zoöl.) An aquatic hemipterous insect of the genus Notonecta; -- so called from swimming on its back, which gives it the appearance of a little boat. Called also boat fly, boat insect, boatman, and water boatman.

Boat"ful (&?;), n.; pl. Boatfuls. The quantity or amount that fills a boat.

Boat"house` (&?;), n. A house for sheltering boats.

Half the latticed boathouse hides. Wordsworth.

Boat"ing, n. 1. The act or practice of rowing or sailing, esp. as an amusement; carriage in boats.

2. In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders, by laying them on the back in a covered boat, where they are left to perish.

Bo*a"tion (&?;), n. [L. boatus, fr. boare to roar.] A crying out; a roaring; a bellowing; reverberation. [Obs.]

The guns were heard . . . about a hundred Italian miles, in long boations. Derham.

Boat"man (&?;), n.; pl. Boatmen (&?;). 1. A man who manages a boat; a rower of a boat.

As late the boatman hies him home. Percival.

2. (Zoöl.) A boat bug. See Boat bug.

Boat"man*ship, n. The art of managing a boat.

Boat"-shaped` (&?;), a. (Bot.) See Cymbiform.

Boat" shell` (&?;). (Zoöl.) (a) A marine gastropod of the genus Crepidula. The species are numerous. It is so named from its form and interior deck. (b) A marine univalve shell of the genus Cymba.

Boats"man (&?;), n. A boatman. [Archaic]

Boat"swain (&?;), n. [Boat + swain.] 1. (Naut.) An officer who has charge of the boats, sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables, cordage, etc., of a ship, and who also summons the crew, and performs other duties.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The jager gull. (b) The tropic bird.

Boatswain's mate, an assistant of the boatswain. Totten.

Boat"-tail` (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) A large grackle or blackbird (Quiscalus major), found in the Southern United States.

Boat"wom`an (&?;), n.; pl. Boatwomen (&?;). A woman who manages a boat.

Bob (&?;), n. [An onomatopoetic word, expressing quick, jerky motion; OE. bob bunch, bobben to strike, mock, deceive. Cf. Prov. Eng. bob, n., a ball, an engine beam, bunch, blast, trick, taunt, scoff; as, a v., to dance, to courtesy, to disappoint, OF. bober to mock.] 1. Anything that hangs so as to play loosely, or with a short abrupt motion, as at the end of a string; a pendant; as, the bob at the end of a kite's tail.

In jewels dressed and at each ear a bob. Dryden.

2. A knot of worms, or of rags, on a string, used in angling, as for eels; formerly, a worm suitable for bait.

Or yellow bobs, turned up before the plow, Are chiefest baits, with cork and lead enow. Lauson.

3. A small piece of cork or light wood attached to a fishing line to show when a fish is biting; a float.

4. The ball or heavy part of a pendulum; also, the ball or weight at the end of a plumb line.

5. A small wheel, made of leather, with rounded edges, used in polishing spoons, etc.

6. A short, jerking motion; act of bobbing; as, a bob of the head.

7. (Steam Engine) A working beam.

8. A knot or short curl of hair; also, a bob wig.

A plain brown bob he wore. Shenstone.

9. A peculiar mode of ringing changes on bells.

10. The refrain of a song.

To bed, to bed, will be the bob of the song. L'Estrange.

11. A blow; a shake or jog; a rap, as with the fist.

12. A jeer or flout; a sharp jest or taunt; a trick.

He that a fool doth very wisely hit, Doth very foolishly, although he smart, Not to seem senseless of the bob. Shak.

13. A shilling. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

Bob (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bobbed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bobbing.] [OE. bobben. See Bob, n.] 1. To cause to move in a short, jerking manner; to move (a thing) with a bob. "He bobbed his head." W. Irving.

2. To strike with a quick, light blow; to tap.

If any man happened by long sitting to sleep . . . he was suddenly bobbed on the face by the servants. Elyot.

3. To cheat; to gain by fraud or cheating; to filch.

Gold and jewels that I bobbed from him. Shak.

4. To mock or delude; to cheat.

To play her pranks, and bob the fool, The shrewish wife began. Turbervile.

5. To cut short; as, to bob the hair, or a horse's tail.

Bob, v. i. 1. To have a short, jerking motion; to play to and fro, or up and down; to play loosely against anything. "Bobbing and courtesying." Thackeray.

2. To angle with a bob. See Bob, n., 2 & 3.

He ne'er had learned the art to bob For anything but eels. Saxe.

To bob at an apple, cherry, etc. to attempt to bite or seize with the mouth an apple, cherry, or other round fruit, while it is swinging from a string or floating in a tug of water.

||Bo"bac (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) The Poland marmot (Arctomys bobac).

Bo*bance" (&?;), n. [OF. bobance, F. bombance, boasting, pageantry, fr. L. bombus a humming, buzzing.] A boasting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Bob"ber (&?;), n. One who, or that which, bobs.

Bob"ber*y (&?;), n. [Prob. an Anglo-Indian form of Hindi bp re O thou father! (a very disrespectful address).] A squabble; a tumult; a noisy disturbance; as, to raise a bobbery. [Low] Halliwell.

Bob"bin (&?;), n. [F. bobine; of uncertain origin; cf. L. bombus a humming, from the noise it makes, or Ir. & Gael. baban tassel, or E. bob.] 1. A small pin, or cylinder, formerly of bone, now most commonly of wood, used in the making of pillow lace. Each thread is wound on a separate bobbin which hangs down holding the thread at a slight tension.

2. A spool or reel of various material and construction, with a head at one or both ends, and sometimes with a hole bored through its length by which it may be placed on a spindle or pivot. It is used to hold yarn or thread, as in spinning or warping machines, looms, sewing machines, etc.

3. The little rounded piece of wood, at the end of a latch string, which is pulled to raise the latch.

4. (Haberdashery) A fine cord or narrow braid.

5. (Elec.) A cylindrical or spool-shaped coil or insulated wire, usually containing a core of soft iron which becomes magnetic when the wire is traversed by an electrical current.

Bobbin and fly frame, a roving machine. -- Bobbin lace, lace made on a pillow with bobbins; pillow lace.

Bob`bi*net" (&?;), n. [Bobbin + net.] A kind of cotton lace which is wrought by machines, and not by hand. [Sometimes written bobbin net.]

The English machine-made net is now confined to point net, warp net, and bobbin net, so called from the peculiar construction of the machines by which they are produced. Tomlinsom.

Bob"bin*work` (&?;), n. Work woven with bobbins.

Bob"bish (&?;), a. Hearty; in good spirits. [Low, Eng.] Dickens.

Bob"by (&?;), n. A nickname for a policeman; -- from Sir Robert Peel, who remodeled the police force. See Peeler. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

Bob"-cher`ry (&?;), n. A play among children, in which a cherry, hung so as to bob against the mouth, is to be caught with the teeth.

Bob"fly` (&?;), n. (Fishing) The fly at the end of the leader; an end fly.

Bob"o*link` (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) An American singing bird (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). The male is black and white; the female is brown; -- called also, ricebird, reedbird, and Boblincoln.

The happiest bird of our spring is the bobolink. W. Irving.

{ Bob"sled` (&?;), Bob"sleigh` } (&?;), n. A short sled, mostly used as one of a pair connected by a reach or coupling; also, the compound sled so formed. [U. S.]

The long wagon body set on bobsleds. W. D. Howells.

Bob"stay` (&?;), n. [Bob + stay.] (Naut.) A rope or chain to confine the bowsprit of a ship downward to the stem or cutwater; -- usually in the pl.

Bob"tail` (&?;), n. [Bob + tail.] An animal (as a horse or dog) with a short tail.

Rag, tag, and bobtail, the rabble.

Bob"tail`, a. Bobtailed. "Bobtail cur." Marryat.

Bob"tailed` (&?;), a. Having the tail cut short, or naturally short; curtailed; as, a bobtailed horse or dog; a bobtailed coat.

Bob"white` (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) The common quail of North America (Colinus, or Ortyx, Virginianus); -- so called from its note.

Bob" wig` (&?;). A short wig with bobs or short curls; -- called also bobtail wig. Spectator.

Bo"cal (&?;), n. [F.] A cylindrical glass vessel, with a large and short neck.

Bo*car"do (&?;), n. [A mnemonic word.] 1. (Logic) A form of syllogism of which the first and third propositions are particular negatives, and the middle term a universal affirmative.

Baroko and Bocardo have been stumbling blocks to the logicians. Bowen.

2. A prison; -- originally the name of the old north gate in Oxford, which was used as a prison. [Eng.] Latimer.

Boc"a*sine (&?;), n. [F. bocassin, boucassin.] A sort of fine buckram.

||Boc"ca (&?;), n. [It., mouth.] The round hole in the furnace of a glass manufactory through which the fused glass is taken out. Craig.

Boce (bs), n. [L. box, bocis, Gr. bo`ax, bw^x.] (Zoöl.) A European fish (Box vulgaris), having a compressed body and bright colors; -- called also box, and bogue.

Bock" beer` (&?;). [G. bockbier; bock a buck + bier beer; -- said to be so named from its tendency to cause the drinker to caper like a goat.] A strong beer, originally made in Bavaria. [Also written buck beer.]

Bock"e*let (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) A kind of long-winged hawk; -- called also bockerel, and bockeret. [Obs.]

Bock"ey (&?;), n. [D. bokaal.] A bowl or vessel made from a gourd. [Local, New York] Bartlett.

Bock"ing, n. A coarse woolen fabric, used for floor cloths, to cover carpets, etc.; -- so called from the town of Bocking, in England, where it was first made.

Bock"land (&?;), n. See Bookland.

Bod"dice (&?;), n. See Bodick.

Bode (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boded; p. pr. & vb. n. Boding.] [OE. bodien, AS. bodian to announce, tell from bod command; akin to Icel. bo&?;a to announce, Sw. båda to announce, portend. &radic;89. See Bid.] To indicate by signs, as future events; to be the omen of; to portend to presage; to foreshow.

A raven that bodes nothing but mischief. Goldsmith.

Good onset bodes good end. Spenser.

Bode, v. i. To foreshow something; to augur.

Whatever now The omen proved, it boded well to you. Dryden.

Syn. -- To forebode; foreshadow; augur; betoken.

Bode, n. 1. An omen; a foreshadowing. [Obs.]

The owl eke, that of death the bode bringeth. Chaucer.

2. A bid; an offer. [Obs. or Dial.] Sir W. Scott

Bode, n. [AS. boda; akin to OFries. boda, AS. bodo, OHG. boto. See Bode, v. t.] A messenger; a herald. Robertson.

Bode, n. [See Abide.] A stop; a halting; delay. [Obs.]

Bode, imp. & p. p. from Bide. Abode.

There that night they bode. Tennyson.

Bode, p. p. of Bid. Bid or bidden. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Bode"ful (&?;), a. Portentous; ominous. Carlyle.

Bode"ment (&?;), n. An omen; a prognostic. [Obs.]

This foolish, dreaming, superstitious girl Makes all these bodements. Shak.

Bodge (&?;), n. A botch; a patch. [Dial.] Whitlock.

Bodge (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bodged (&?;).] To botch; to mend clumsily; to patch. [Obs. or Dial.]

Bodge, v. i. See Budge.

Bo"di*an (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) A large food fish (Diagramma lineatum), native of the East Indies.

Bod"ice (&?;), n. [This is properly the plural of body, Oe. bodise a pair of bodies, equiv. to a bodice. Cf. Corset, and see Body.] 1. A kind of under waist stiffened with whalebone, etc., worn esp. by women; a corset; stays.

2. A close-fitting outer waist or vest forming the upper part of a woman's dress, or a portion of it.

Her bodice half way she unlaced. Prior.

Bod"iced (&?;), a. Wearing a bodice. Thackeray.

Bod"ied (&?;), a. Having a body; -- usually in composition; as, able-bodied.

A doe . . . not altogether so fat, but very good flesh and good bodied. Hakluyt.

Bod"i*less (&?;), a. 1. Having no body.

2. Without material form; incorporeal.

Phantoms bodiless and vain. Swift.

Bod"i*li*ness (&?;), n. Corporeality. Minsheu.

Bod"i*ly (&?;), a. 1. Having a body or material form; physical; corporeal; consisting of matter.

You are a mere spirit, and have no knowledge of the bodily part of us. Tatler.

2. Of or pertaining to the body, in distinction from the mind. "Bodily defects." L'Estrange.

3. Real; actual; put in execution. [Obs.]

Be brought to bodily act. Shak.

Bodily fear, apprehension of physical injury.

Syn. -- See Corporal.

Bod"i*ly, adv. 1. Corporeally; in bodily form; united with a body or matter; in the body.

For in him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily. Col. ii. 9

2. In respect to, or so as to affect, the entire body or mass; entirely; all at once; completely; as, to carry away bodily. "Leapt bodily below." Lowell.

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Bod"ing (bd"ng), a. Foreshowing; presaging; ominous. -- Bod"ing*ly, adv.

Bod"ing, n. A prognostic; an omen; a foreboding.

Bod"kin (bd"kn), n. [OE. boydekyn dagger; of uncertain origin; cf. W. bidog hanger, short sword, Ir. bideog, Gael. biodag.] 1. A dagger. [Obs.]

When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin. Shak.

2. (Needlework) An implement of steel, bone, ivory, etc., with a sharp point, for making holes by piercing; a &?;tiletto; an eyeleteer.