Chapter 914

&hand; From this plant many others of the same order ( Hepatic\'91 ) have been vaguely called liverworts, esp. those of the tribe Marchantiace\'91 . See Illust . of Hepatica .

Livery <Xpage=862>

Liv"er*y (?) , n. ; pl. Liveries (#) . [OE. livere , F. livr\'82e , formerly, a gift of clothes made by the master to his servants, prop., a thing delivered, fr. livrer to deliver, L. liberare to set free, in LL., to deliver up. See Liberate .] 1. (Eng. Law) (a) The act of delivering possession of lands or tenements. (b) The writ by which possession is obtained.

&hand; It is usual to say, livery of seizin , which is a feudal investiture, made by the delivery of a turf, of a rod, or twig, from the feoffor to the feoffee. In the United States, and now in Great Britain, no such ceremony is necessary, the delivery of a deed being sufficient.

2. Release from wardship; deliverance.

It concerned them first to sue out their livery from the unjust wardship of his encroaching prerogative. Milton.

3. That which is delivered out statedly or formally, as clothing, food, etc. ; especially: (a) The uniform clothing issued by feudal superiors to their retainers and serving as a badge when in military service. (b) The peculiar dress by which the servants of a nobleman or gentleman are distinguished; as, a claret-colored livery . (c) Hence, also, the peculiar dress or garb appropriated by any association or body of persons to their own use; as, the livery of the London tradesmen, of a priest, of a charity school, etc. ; also, the whole body or company of persons wearing such a garb, and entitled to the privileges of the association; as, the whole livery of London .

A Haberdasher and a Carpenter, A Webbe, a Dyer, and a Tapicer, And they were clothed all in one livery Of a solempne and a gret fraternite. Chaucer.

From the periodical deliveries of these characteristic articles of servile costume (blue coats) came our word livery . De Quincey.

(d) Hence, any characteristic dress or outward appearance . " April's livery ." Sir P. Sidney.

Now came still evening on, and twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad. Milton.

(e) An allowance of food statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to servants, to horses, etc.

The emperor's officers every night went through the town from house to house whereat any English gentleman did repast or lodge, and served their liveries for all night: first, the officers brought into the house a cast of fine manchet [white bread], and of silver two great post, and white wine, and sugar. Cavendish.

(f) The feeding, stabling, and care of horses for compensation; boarding; as, to keep one's horses at livery .

What livery is, we by common use in England know well enough, namely, that is, allowance of horse meat, as to keep horses at livery , the which word, I guess, is derived of livering or delivering forth their nightly food. Spenser.

It need hardly be observed that the explanation of livery which Spenser offers is perfectly correct, but . . . it is no longer applied to the ration or stated portion of food delivered at stated periods. Trench.

(g) The keeping of horses in readiness to be hired temporarily for riding or driving; the state of being so kept .

Pegasus does not stand at livery even at the largest establishment in Moorfields. Lowell.

4. A low grade of wool.

Livery gown , the gown worn by a liveryman in London.

Livery <Xpage=862>

Liv"er*y , v. t. To clothe in, or as in, livery.

Shak.

Liveryman <Xpage=862>

Liv"er*y*man (?) , n. ; pl. Liverymen (<?/) .

1. One who wears a livery, as a servant.

2. A freeman of the city, in London, who, having paid certain fees, is entitled to wear the distinguishing dress or livery of the company to which he belongs, and also to enjoy certain other privileges, as the right of voting in an election for the lord mayor, sheriffs, chamberlain, etc.

3. One who keeps a livery stable.

Livery stable <Xpage=862>

Liv"er*y sta`ble (?) . A stable where horses are kept for hire, and where stabling is provided. See Livery , n. , 3 (e) (f) & (g) .

Lives <Xpage=862>

Lives (?) , n. ; pl. of Life .

Lives <Xpage=862>

Lives (?) , a. & adv. [Orig. a genitive sing. of life .] Alive; living; with life. [Obs.] " Any lives creature."

Chaucer.

Livid <Xpage=862>

Liv"id (?) , a. [L. lividus , from livere to be of a blush color, to be black and blue: cf. F. livide .] Black and blue; grayish blue; of a lead color; discolored, as flesh by contusion.

Cowper.

There followed no carbuncles, no purple or livid spots, the mass of the blood not being tainted. Bacon.

Lividity <Xpage=862>

Li*vid"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. lividit\'82 .] The state or quality of being livid.

Lividness <Xpage=862>

Liv"id*ness (?) , n. Lividity.

Walpole.

Laving <Xpage=862>

Lav"ing (?) , a. [From Live , v. i. ] 1. Being alive; having life; as, a living creature .

2. Active; lively; vigorous; -- said esp. of states of the mind , and sometimes of abstract things; as, a living faith; a living principle. " Living hope. "

Wyclif.

3. Issuing continually from the earth; running; flowing; as, a living spring ; -- opposed to stagnant .

4. Producing life, action, animation, or vigor; quickening. " Living light."

Shak.

5. Ignited; glowing with heat; burning; live.

Then on the living coals wine they pour. Dryden.

Living force . See Vis viva , under Vis . -- Living gale (Naut.) , a heavy gale. Living rock &or; stone , rock in its native or original state or location; rock not quarried. " I now found myself on a rude and narrow stairway, the steps of which were cut of the living rock ." Moore . -- The living , those who are alive, or one who is alive.

Living <Xpage=862>

Liv"ing , n. 1. The state of one who, or that which, lives; lives; life; existence. "Health and living ."

Shak.

2. Manner of life; as, riotous living ; penurious living ; earnest living . " A vicious living ."

Chaucer.

3. Means of subsistence; sustenance; estate.

She can spin for her living . Shak.

He divided unto them his living . Luke xv. 12.

4. Power of continuing life; the act of living, or living comfortably.

There is no living without trusting somebody or other in some cases. L' Estrange.

5. The benefice of a clergyman; an ecclesiastical charge which a minister receives. [Eng.]

He could not get a deanery, a prebend, or even a living Macaulay.

Livng room , the room most used by the family.

Livingly <Xpage=862>

Liv"ing*ly , adv. In a living state.

Sir T. Browne.

Livingness <Xpage=862>

Liv"ing*ness , n. The state or quality of being alive; possession of energy or vigor; animation; quickening.

Livonian <Xpage=862>

Li*vo"ni*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Livonia, a district of Russia near the Baltic Sea.

Livinian <Xpage=862>

Li*vi"ni*an , n. A native or an inhabitant of Livonia; the language (allied to the Finnish) of the Livonians.

Livor <Xpage=862>

Li"vor (?) , n. [L.] Malignity. [P.]

Burton.

Livraison <Xpage=862>

Li`vrai`son" (?) , n. [F., fr. L. liberatio a setting free, in LL., a delivering up. See Liberation .] A part of a book or literary composition printed and delivered by itself; a number; a part.

Livre <Xpage=862>

Li"vre (?) , n. [F., fr. L. libra a pound of twelve ounces. Cf. Lira .] A French money of account, afterward a silver coin equal to 20 sous. It is not now in use, having been superseded by the franc.

Lixivial <Xpage=862>

Lix*iv"i*al (?) , a. [L. lixivius , fr. lix ashes, lye ashes, lye: cf. F. lixiviel .] 1. Impregnated with, or consisting of, alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; impregnated with a salt or salts like a lixivium.

Boyle.

2. Of the color of lye; resembling lye.

3. Having the qualities of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes.

Lixivial salts (Old Chem.) , salts which are obtained by passing water through ashes, or by pouring it on them.

Lixiviate, Lixivited <Xpage=862>

Lix*iv"i*ate (?) , Lix*iv"i*`ted (?) , a. [From Lixivium .] 1. Of or pertaining to lye or lixivium; of the quality of alkaline salts.

2. Impregnated with salts from wood ashes.

Boyle.

Lixiviate <Xpage=862>

Lix*iv"i*ate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Lixiviated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Lixiviating (?) .] To subject to a washing process for the purpose of separating soluble material from that which is insoluble; to leach, as ashes, for the purpose of extracting the alkaline substances.

Lixiviation <Xpage=862>

Lix*iv`i*a"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. lixiviation .] Lixiviating; the process of separating a soluble substance form one that is insoluble, by washing with some solvent, as water; leaching.

Lixivious <Xpage=862>

Lix*iv"i*ous (?) , a. See Lixivial .

Lixivium <Xpage=862>

Lix*iv"i*um (?) , n. [L. lixivium , lixivia . See Lixivial .] A solution of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; hence, any solution obtained by lixiviation.

Lixt <Xpage=862>

Lixt (?) , obs. 2d pers. sing. pres. of Lige , to lie, to tell lies, -- contracted for ligest .

Chaucer.

Liza <Xpage=862>

Li"za (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The American white mullet ( Mugil curema ).

Lizard <Xpage=862>

Liz"ard (?) , n. [OE. lesarde , OF. lesarde , F. l\'82zard , L. lacerta , lacertus . Cf. Alligator , Lacerta .]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the numerous species of reptiles belonging to the order Lacertilia; sometimes, also applied to reptiles of other orders, as the Hatteria.

&hand; Most lizards have an elongated body, with four legs, and a long tail; but there are some without legs, and some with a short, thick tail. Most have scales, but some are naked; most have eyelids, but some do not. The tongue is varied in form and structure. In some it is forked, in others, as the chameleons, club-shaped, and very extensible. See Amphisb\'91na , Chameleon , Gecko , Gila monster , Horned toad , Iguana , and Dragon , 6.

2. (Naut.) A piece of rope with thimble or block spliced into one or both of the ends.

R. H. Dana, Ir.

3. A piece of timber with a forked end, used in dragging a heavy stone, a log, or the like, from a field.

Lizard fish (Zo\'94l.) , a marine scopeloid fish of the genus Synodus , or Saurus , esp. S. f\'d2tens of the Southern United States and West Indies; -- called also sand pike . -- Lizard snake (Zo\'94l.) , the garter snake ( Eut\'91nia sirtalis ). -- Lizard stone (Min.) , a kind of serpentine from near Lizard Point, Cornwall, England, -- used for ornamental purposes.

Lizard's tail <Xpage=862>

Liz"ard's tail` (?) . (Bot.) A perennial plant of the genus Saururus ( S. cernuus ), growing in marshes, and having white flowers crowded in a slender terminal spike, somewhat resembling in form a lizard's tail; whence the name.

Gray.

Llama <Xpage=862>

Lla"ma , n. [Peruv.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American ruminant ( Auchenia llama ), allied to the camels, but much smaller and without a hump. It is supposed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco. It was formerly much used as a beast of burden in the Andes.

Llandeilo group <Xpage=862>

Llan*dei"lo group` . (Geol.) A series of strata in the lower Silurian formations of Great Britain; -- so named from Llandeilo in Southern Wales. See Chart of Geology .

Llanero <Xpage=862>

Lla*ne"ro (?) , n. [Sp. Amer.] One of the inhabitants of the llanos of South America.

Llano <Xpage=862>

Lla"no (?) , n. ; pl. Llanos (#) . [Sp., plain even, level. See Plain .] An extensive plain with or without vegetation. [Spanish America]

Lloyd's <Xpage=862>

Lloyd's (?) , n. 1. An association of underwriters and others in London, for the collection and diffusion of marine intelligence, the insurance, classification, registration, and certifying of vessels, and the transaction of business of various kinds connected with shipping.

2. A part of the Royal Exchange, in London, appropriated to the use of underwriters and insurance brokers; -- called also Lloyd's Rooms .

&hand; The name is derived from Lloyd's Coffee House, in Lombard Street, where there were formerly rooms for the same purpose. The name Lloyd or Lloyd's has been taken by several associations, in different parts of Europe, established for purposes similar to those of the original association.

Lloyd's agents , persons employed in various parts of the world, by the association called Lloyd's, to serve its interests. -- Lloyd's list , a publication of the latest news respecting shipping matters, with lists of vessels, etc., made under the direction of Lloyd's. Brande & C. -- Lloyd's register , a register of vessels rated according to their quality, published yearly.

Lo <Xpage=862>

Lo (?) , interj. [OE. lo , low ; perh. akin to E. look , v.] Look; see; behold; observe. " Lo, here is Christ." Matt. xxiv. 23 . " Lo, we turn to the Gentiles." Acts xiii. 46 .

Loach <Xpage=862>

Loach (?) , n. [OE. loche , F. loche .] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several small, fresh-water, cyprinoid fishes of the genera Cobitis , Nemachilus , and allied genera, having six or more barbules around the mouth. They are found in Europe and Asia. The common European species ( N. barbatulus ) is used as a food fish.

Load <Xpage=862>

Load (?) , n. [OE. lode load, way; properly the same word as lode , but confused with lade , load , v. See Lade , Lead , v. , Lode .] 1. A burden; that which is laid on or put in anything for conveyance; that which is borne or sustained; a weight; as, a heavy load .

He might such a load To town with his ass carry. Gower.

2. The quantity which can be carried or drawn in some specified way; the contents of a cart, barrow, or vessel; that which will constitute a cargo; lading.

3. That which burdens, oppresses, or grieves the mind or spirits; as, a load of care . " A . . . load of guilt." Ray . " Our life's a load ."

Dryden.

4. A particular measure for certain articles, being as much as may be carried at one time by the conveyance commonly used for the article measured; as, a load of wood; a load of hay ; specifically, five quarters.

5. The charge of a firearm; as, a load of powder .

6. Weight or violence of blows. [Obs.]

Milton.

7. (Mach.) The work done by a steam engine or other prime mover when working.

Load line , &or; Load water line (Naut.) , the line on the outside of a vessel indicating the depth to which it sinks in the water when loaded.

Syn. -- Burden; lading; weight; cargo. See Burden .

Load <Xpage=862>

Load , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Loaded ; p. pr. & vb. n. Loading . Loaden is obsolete, and laden belongs to lade .] 1. To lay a load or burden on or in, as on a horse or in a cart; to charge with a load, as a gun; to furnish with a lading or cargo, as a ship; hence, to add weight to, so as to oppress or embarrass; to heap upon.

I strive all in vain to load the cart. Gascoigne.

I have loaden me with many spoils. Shak.

Those honors deep and broad, wherewith Your majesty loads our house. Shak.

<page="863"> Page 863

2. To adulterate or drug; as, to load wine . [Cant]

3. To magnetize. [Obs.]

Prior.

Loaded dice , dice with one side made heavier than the others, so that the number on the opposite side will come up oftenest.

Loader <Xpage=863>

Load"er (?) , n. One who, or that which, loads; a mechanical contrivance for loading, as a gun.

Loading <Xpage=863>

Load"ing , n. 1. The act of putting a load on or into.

2. A load; cargo; burden.

Shak.

Loadmanage, Lodemanage <Xpage=863>

Load"man*age , Lode"man*age (?) , n. Pilotage; skill of a pilot or loadsman. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Loadsman, Lodesman <Xpage=863>

Loads"man , Lodes"man (?) , n. [ Load , lode + man. See Lode .] A pilot. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Loadstar, Lodestar <Xpage=863>

Load"star` , Lode"star` (?) , n. [ Load , lode + star. See Lode .] A star that leads; a guiding star; esp., the polestar; the cynosure. Chaucer . " Your eyes are lodestars ."

Shak.

The pilot can no loadstar see. Spenser.

Loadstone, Lodestone <Xpage=863>

Load"stone` , Lode"stone (?) , n. [ Load , lode + stone .] (Min.) A piece of magnetic iron ore possessing polarity like a magnetic needle. See Magnetite .

Loaf <Xpage=863>

Loaf (?) , n. ; pl. Loaves (#) . [OE. lof , laf , AS. hl\'bef ; akin to G. laib , OHG. hleip , Icel. hleifr , Goth. hlaifs , Russ. khlieb' , Lith. kl\'89pas . Cf. Lady , Lammas , Lord .] Any thick lump, mass, or cake; especially, a large regularly shaped or molded mass, as of bread, sugar, or cake.

Bacon.

Loaf sugar , refined sugar that has been formed into a conical loaf in a mold.

Loaf <Xpage=863>

Loaf , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Loafed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Loafing .] [G. laufen to run, Prov. G. loofen . See Leap .] To spend time in idleness; to lounge or loiter about. " Loafing vagabonds."

W. Black.

Loaf <Xpage=863>

Loaf , v. t. To spend in idleness; -- with away ; as, to loaf time away .

Loafer <Xpage=863>

Loaf"er (?) , n. [G. l\'84ufer a runner, Prov. G. laufer , lofer , fr. laufen to run. See Leap .] One who loafs; a lazy lounger.

Lowell.

Loam <Xpage=863>