Chapter 901

Lie , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Lied (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Lying (?) .] [OE. lien , li<?/en , le<?/en , leo<?/en , AS. le\'a2gan ; akin to D. liegen , OS. & OHG. liogan , G. l\'81gen , Icel. lj<?/ga , Sw. ljuga , Dan. lyve , Goth. liugan , Russ. lgate .] To utter falsehood with an intention to deceive; to say or do that which is intended to deceive another, when he a right to know the truth, or when morality requires a just representation.

Lie <Xpage=849>

Lie , v. i. [ imp. Lay (?) ; p. p. Lain (?) , ( Lien (<?/) , [Obs.] ); p. pr. & vb. n. Lying .] [OE. lien , liggen , AS. licgan ; akin to D. liggen , OHG. ligen , licken , G. liegen , Icel. liggja , Sw. ligga , Dan. ligge , Goth. ligan , Russ. lejate , L. lectus bed, Gr. <?/ bed, <?/ to lie. Cf. Lair , Law , Lay , v. t. , Litter , Low , adj .] 1. To rest extended on the ground, a bed, or any support; to be, or to put one's self, in an horizontal position, or nearly so; to be prostate; to be stretched out; -- often with down , when predicated of living creatures; as, the book lies on the table; the snow lies on the roof; he lies in his coffin.

The watchful traveler . . . Lay down again, and closed his weary eyes. Dryden.

2. To be situated; to occupy a certain place; as, Ireland lies west of England; the meadows lie along the river; the ship lay in port.

3. To abide; to remain for a longer or shorter time; to be in a certain state or condition; as, to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie open; to lie hid; to lie grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to lie at the mercy of the waves; the paper does not lie smooth on the wall.

4. To be or exist; to belong or pertain; to have an abiding place; to consist; -- with in .

Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances. Collier.

He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labor, forgets the early rising and hard riding of huntsmen. Locke.

5. To lodge; to sleep.

Whiles I was now trifling at home, I saw London, . . . where I lay one night only. Evelyn.

Mr. Quinion lay at our house that night. Dickens.

6. To be still or quiet, like one lying down to rest.

The wind is loud and will not lie . Shak.

7. (Law) To be sustainable; to be capable of being maintained. "An appeal lies in this case."

Parsons.

&hand; Through ignorance or carelessness speakers and writers often confuse the forms of the two distinct verbs lay and lie . Lay is a transitive verb, and has for its preterit laid ; as, he told me to lay it down, and I laid it down. Lie is intransitive, and has for its preterit lay ; as, he told me to lie down, and I lay down. Some persons blunder by using laid for the preterit of lie ; as, he told me to lie down, and I laid down. So persons often say incorrectly, the ship laid at anchor; they laid by during the storm; the book was laying on the shelf, etc. It is only necessary to remember, in all such cases, that laid is the preterit of lay , and not of lie .

To lie along the shore (Naut.) , to coast, keeping land in sight. -- To lie at the door of , to be imputable to; as, the sin, blame, etc., lies at your door . -- To lie at the heart , to be an object of affection, desire, or anxiety. Sir W. Temple . -- To lie at the mercy of , to be in the power of. -- To lie by . (a) To remain with; to be at hand; as, he has the manuscript lying by him . (b) To rest; to intermit labor; as, we lay by during the heat of the day. -- To lie hard &or; heavy , to press or weigh; to bear hard. -- To lie in , to be in childbed; to bring forth young. -- To lie in one , to be in the power of; to belong to. "As much as lieth in you , live peaceably with all men." Rom. xii. 18 . -- To lie in the way , to be an obstacle or impediment. -- To lie in wait , to wait in concealment; to lie in ambush. -- To lie on &or; upon . (a) To depend on; as, his life lies on the result . (b) To bear, rest, press, or weigh on. -- To lie low , to remain in concealment or inactive. [Slang] -- To lie on hand , To lie on one's hands , to remain unsold or unused; as, the goods are still lying on his hands ; they have too much time lying on their hands . -- To lie on the head of , to be imputed to.

What he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head . Shak.

-- To lie over . (a) To remain unpaid after the time when payment is due, as a note in bank. (b) To be deferred to some future occasion, as a resolution in a public deliberative body. -- To lie to (Naut.) , to stop or delay; especially, to head as near the wind as possible as being the position of greatest safety in a gale; -- said of a ship. Cf. To bring to , under Bring . -- To lie under , to be subject to; to suffer; to be oppressed by. -- To lie with . (a) To lodge or sleep with. (b) To have sexual intercourse with . (c) To belong to; as, it lies with you to make amends .

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Lie <Xpage=850>

Lie (?) , n. The position or way in which anything lies; the lay, as of land or country.

J. H. Newman.

He surveyed with his own eyes . . . the lie of the country on the side towards Thrace. Jowett (Thucyd.).

Lieberk\'81hn <Xpage=850>

Lie"ber*k\'81hn (?) , n. [Named after a German physician and instrument maker, J . n. Lieberk\'81hn .] (Optics) A concave metallic mirror attached to the object-glass end of a microscope, to throw down light on opaque objects; a reflector.

Lieberk\'81hn's glands <Xpage=850>

Lie"ber*k\'81hn's glands` (?) . [See Lieberk\'81hn .] (Anat.) The simple tubular glands of the small intestines; -- called also crypts of Lieberk\'81hn .

Lied <Xpage=850>

Lied (?) , n. ; pl. Lieder (#) . [G.] (Mus.) A lay; a German song. It differs from the French chanson , and the Italian canzone , all three being national.

The German Lied is perhaps the most faithful reflection of the national sentiment. Grove.

Liedertafel <Xpage=850>

Lie"der*ta`fel (?) , n. [G., lit., a song table.] (Mus.) A popular name for any society or club which meets for the practice of male part songs.

Lief <Xpage=850>

Lief (?) , n. Same as Lif .

Lief <Xpage=850>

Lief (?) , a. [Written also lieve .] [OE. leef , lef , leof , AS. le\'a2f ; akin to OS. liof , OFries. liaf , D. lief , G. lieb , OHG. liob , Icel. lj<?/fr , Sw. ljuf , Goth. liubs , and E. love . &root;124. See Love , and cf. Believe , Leave , n. , Furlough , Libidinous .] 1. Dear; beloved. [Obs., except in poetry.] "My liefe mother." Chaucer . "My liefest liege." Shak.

As thou art lief and dear. Tennyson.

2. (Used with a form of the verb to be , and the dative of the personal pronoun.) Pleasing; agreeable; acceptable; preferable. [Obs.] See Lief , adv. , and Had as lief , under Had .

Full lief me were this counsel for to hide. Chaucer.

Death me liefer were than such despite. Spenser.

3. Willing; disposed. [Obs.]

I am not lief to gab. Chaucer.

He up arose, however lief or loth. Spenser.

Lief <Xpage=850>

Lief , n. A dear one; a sweetheart. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Lief <Xpage=850>

Lief , adv. Gladly; willingly; freely; -- now used only in the phrases, had as lief , and would as lief ; as, I had, or would, as lief go as not .

All women liefest would Be sovereign of man's love. Gower.

I had as lief the town crier spoke my lines. Shak.

Far liefer by his dear hand had I die. Tennyson.

&hand; The comparative liefer with had or would , and followed by the infinitive, either with or without the sign to , signifies prefer , choose as preferable , would or had rather . In the 16th century rather was substituted for liefer in such constructions in literary English, and has continued to be generally so used. See Had as lief , Had rather , etc. , under Had .

Liefsome <Xpage=850>

Lief"some (?) , a. Pleasing; delightful. [Obs.]

Liegance <Xpage=850>

Lieg"ance (?) , n. Same as Ligeance .

Liege <Xpage=850>

Liege (?) , a. [OE. lige , lege , F. lige , LL. ligius , legius , liege, unlimited, complete, prob. of German origin; cf. G. ledig free from bonds and obstacles, MHG. ledec , ledic , lidic , freed, loosed, and Charta Ottonis de Benthem, ann. <?/ , " ligius homo quod Teutonic\'8a dicitur ledigman ," i. e., uni soli homagio obligatus, free from all obligations to others; influenced by L. ligare to bind. G. ledig perh. orig. meant, free to go where one pleases, and is perh. akin to E. lead to conduct. Cf. Lead to guide.] 1. Sovereign; independent; having authority or right to allegiance; as, a liege lord .

Chaucer.

She looked as grand as doomsday and as grave; And he, he reverenced his liege lady there. Tennyson.

2. serving an independent sovereign or master; bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a vassal to his lord; faithful; loyal; as, a liege man; a liege subject.

3. (Old Law) Full; perfect; complete; pure. Burrill .

Liege homage (Feudal Custom) , that homage of one sovereign or prince to another which acknowledged an obligation of fealty and services. -- Liege poustie [L. legitima potestas ] (Scots Law) , perfect, i. e. , legal, power; specif., having health requisite to do legal acts. -- Liege widowhood , perfect, i. e. , pure, widowhood. [Obs.]

Liege <Xpage=850>

Liege (?) , n. 1. A free and independent person; specif., a lord paramount; a sovereign. Mrs. Browning .

The anointed sovereign of sighs and groans, Liege of all loiterers and malcontents. Shak.

2. The subject of a sovereign or lord; a liegeman.

A liege lord seems to have been a lord of a free band; and his lieges , though serving under him, were privileged men, free from all other obligations, their name being due to their freedom, not to their service. Skeat.

Liegeman <Xpage=850>

Liege"man (?) , n. ; pl. Liegemen (<?/) . Same as Liege , n. , 2.

Chaucer. Spenser.

Lieger <Xpage=850>

Lie"ger (?) , n. [See Leger , Ledger .] A resident ambassador. [Obs.] See Leger .

Denham.

Liegiancy <Xpage=850>

Lie"gian*cy (?) , n. See Ligeance .

Lien <Xpage=850>

Li"en (?) , obs. p. p. of Lie . See lain .

Ps. lxviii. 13.

Lien <Xpage=850>

Lien (?) , n. [F. lien band, bond, tie, fr. L. ligamen , fr. ligare to bind. Cf. League a union, Leam a string, Leamer , Ligament .] (Law) A legal claim; a charge upon real or personal property for the satisfaction of some debt or duty; a right in one to control or hold and retain the property of another until some claim of the former is paid or satisfied.

Lienal <Xpage=850>

Li*e"nal (?) , a. [L. lien the spleen.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the spleen; splenic.

Lienculus <Xpage=850>

Li*en"cu*lus (?) , n. ; pl. Lienculi (#) . [NL., dim. of L. lien the spleen.] (Anat.) One of the small nodules sometimes found in the neighborhood of the spleen; an accessory or supplementary spleen.

Lieno-intestinal <Xpage=850>

Li*e`no-in*tes"ti*nal (?) , a. [l. lien the spleen + E. intestinal .] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the spleen and intestine; as, the lieno-intestinal vein of the frog .

Lienteric <Xpage=850>

Li`en*ter"ic (?) , a. [L. lientericus , Gr. <?/: cf. F. lient\'82rique . See Lientery .] (Med.) Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, a lientery. -- n. (Med.) A lientery.

Grew.

Lientery <Xpage=850>

Li"en*ter*y (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ smooth, soft + <?/ an intestine: cf. F. lient\'82rie .] (Med.) A diarrhea, in which the food is discharged imperfectly digested, or with but little change.

Dunglison.

Lier <Xpage=850>

Li"er (?) , n. [From Lie . ] One who lies down; one who rests or remains, as in concealment.

There were liers in a ambush against him. Josh. viii. 14.

Lierne rib <Xpage=850>

Lierne" rib` (?) . [F. lierne .] (Arch.) In Gothic vaulting, any rib which does not spring from the impost and is not a ridge rib, but passes from one boss or intersection of the principal ribs to another.

Lieu <Xpage=850>

Lieu (?) , n. [F., OF. also liu , leu , lou , fr. L. locus place. See Local , Locus .] Place; room; stead; -- used only in the phrase in lieu of , that is, instead of .

The plan of extortion had been adopted in lieu of the scheme of confiscation. Burke.

Lieutenancy <Xpage=850>

Lieu*ten"an*cy (?) , n. 1. The office, rank, or commission, of a lieutenant.

2. The body of lieutenants or subordinates. [Obs.]

The list of the lieutenancy of our metropolis. Felton.

Lieutenant <Xpage=850>

Lieu*ten"ant (?) , n. [F., fr. lieu place + tenant holding, p. pr. of tenir to hold, L. tenere . See Lieu , and Tenant , and cf. Locum tenens .] 1. An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence; a representative of, or substitute for, another in the performance of any duty.

The lawful magistrate, who is the vicegerent or lieutenant of God. Abp. Bramhall.

2. (a) A commissioned officer in the army, next below a captain. (b) A commissioned officer in the British navy, in rank next below a commander. (c) A commissioned officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a lieutenant commander.

&hand; Lieutenant is often used, either adjectively or in hyphened compounds, to denote an officer, in rank next below another, especially when the duties of the higher officer may devolve upon the lower one; as, lieutenant general, or lieutenant- general; lieutenant colonel, or lieutenant- colonel; lieutenant governor, etc.

Deputy lieutenant , the title of any one of the deputies or assistants of the lord lieutenant of a county. [Eng.] -- Lieutenant colonel , an army officer next in rank above major, and below colonel. -- Lieutenant commander , an officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a commander and next above a lieutenant. -- Lieutenant general . See in Vocabulary. -- Lieutenant governor . (a) An officer of a State, being next in rank to the governor, and in case of the death or resignation of the latter, himself acting as governor . [U. S.] (b) A deputy governor acting as the chief civil officer of one of several colonies under a governor general. [Eng.]

Lieutenant general <Xpage=850>

Lieu*ten"ant gen"er*al (?) . An army officer in rank next below a general and next above a major general.

&hand; In the United States, before the civil war, this rank had been conferred only on George Washington and (in brevet) on Winfield Scott. In 1864 it was revived by Congress and conferred on Ulysses S. Grant, and subsequently, by promotion, on William T. Sherman and Philip H. Sheridan, each of whom was advanced to the rank of general of the army . When Sheridan was made general (in 1888) the rank of lieutenant general was suffered to lapse. See General .

Lieutenantry <Xpage=850>

Lieu*ten"ant*ry (?) , n. See Lieutenancy . [Obs.]

Lieutenantship <Xpage=850>

Lieu*ten"ant*ship , n. Same as Lieutenancy , 1.

Lieve <Xpage=850>

Lieve (?) , a. Same as Lief .

Lif <Xpage=850>

Lif (?) , n. [Written also lief .] The fiber by which the petioles of the date palm are bound together, from which various kinds of cordage are made.

Life <Xpage=850>

Life (?) , n. ; pl. Lives (#) . [AS. l<?/f ; akin to D. lijf body, G. leib body, MHG. l<?/p life, body, OHG. l<?/b life, Icel. l<?/f , life, body, Sw. lif , Dan. liv , and E. live , v. <?/. See Live , and cf. Alive .] 1. The state of being which begins with generation, birth, or germination, and ends with death; also, the time during which this state continues; that state of an animal or plant in which all or any of its organs are capable of performing all or any of their functions; -- used of all animal and vegetable organisms.

2. Of human being: The union of the soul and body; also, the duration of their union; sometimes, the deathless quality or existence of the soul; as, man is a creature having an immortal life .

She shows a body rather than a life . Shak.

3. (Philos) The potential principle, or force, by which the organs of animals and plants are started and continued in the performance of their several and co\'94perative functions; the vital force, whether regarded as physical or spiritual.

4. Figuratively: The potential or animating principle, also, the period of duration, of anything that is conceived of as resembling a natural organism in structure or functions; as, the life of a state, a machine, or a book; authority is the life of government.

5. A certain way or manner of living with respect to conditions, circumstances, character, conduct, occupation, etc.; hence, human affairs; also, lives, considered collectively, as a distinct class or type; as, low life ; a good or evil life ; the life of Indians, or of miners.

That which before us lies in daily life . Milton.

By experience of life abroad in the world. Ascham.

Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime. Longfellow.

'T is from high life high characters are drawn. Pope

6. Animation; spirit; vivacity; vigor; energy.

No notion of life and fire in fancy and in words. Felton.

That gives thy gestures grace and life . Wordsworth.