Chapter 900

Li"brate (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Librated <?/; p. pr. & & vb. n. Librating .] [L. libratus , p. p. of librare to balance, to make even, fr. libra .Cf. Level , Deliberate , Equilibrium .] To vibrate as a balance does before resting in equilibrium; hence, to be poised.

Their parts all liberate on too nice a beam. Clifton.

Librate <Xpage=848>

Li"brate , v. i. To poise; to balance.

Libration <Xpage=848>

Li*bra"tion (?) , n. [L. libratio : cf. F. libration .] 1. The act or state of librating.

Jer. Taylor.

2. (Astron.) A real or apparent libratory motion, like that of a balance before coming to rest.

Libration of the moon , any one of those small periodical changes in the position of the moon's surface relatively to the earth, in consequence of which narrow portions at opposite limbs become visible or invisible alternately. It receives different names according to the manner in which it takes place ; as: (a) Libration in longitude , that which, depending on the place of the moon in its elliptic orbit, causes small portions near the eastern and western borders alternately to appear and disappear each month. ( b ) Libration in latitude , that which depends on the varying position of the moon's axis in respect to the spectator, causing the alternate appearance and disappearance of either pole. ( c ) Diurnal or parallactic libration , that which brings into view on the upper limb, at rising and setting, some parts not in the average visible hemisphere.

Libratory <Xpage=848>

Li"bra*to*ry (?) , a. Balancing; moving like a balance, as it tends to an equipoise or level.

Librettist <Xpage=848>

Li*bret"tist (?) , n. One who makes a libretto.

Libretto <Xpage=848>

Li*bret"to (?) , n. ; pl. E. Librettos (#) , It. Libretti (#) . [It., dim. of libro book, L. liber . See Libel .] (Mus.) (a) A book containing the words of an opera or extended piece of music. (b) The words themselves.

Libriform <Xpage=848>

Li"bri*form (?) , a. [ Liber + -form .] (Bot.) Having the form of liber, or resembling liber.

Libriform cells , peculiar wood cells which are very slender and relatively thick-walled, and occasionally are furnished with bordered pits.

Goodale.

Libyan <Xpage=848>

Lib"y*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Libya, the ancient name of that part of Africa between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean, or of Africa as a whole.

Lice <Xpage=848>

Lice (?) , n. ; pl. of Louse .

Licensable <Xpage=848>

Li"cens*a*ble (?) , a. That can be licensed.

License <Xpage=848>

Li"cense (?) , n. [Written also licence .] [F. licence , L. licentia , fr. licere to be permitted, prob. orig., to be left free to one; akin to linquere to leave. See Loan , and cf. Illicit , Leisure .] 1. Authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act; especially, a formal permission from the proper authorities to perform certain acts or to carry on a certain business, which without such permission would be illegal; a grant of permission; as, a license to preach, to practice medicine, to sell gunpowder or intoxicating liquors .

To have a license and a leave at London to dwell. P. Plowman.

2. The document granting such permission.

Addison.

3. Excess of liberty; freedom abused, or used in contempt of law or decorum; disregard of law or propriety.

License they mean when they cry liberty. Milton.

4. That deviation from strict fact, form, or rule, in which an artist or writer indulges, assuming that it will be permitted for the sake of the advantage or effect gained; as, poetic license ; grammatical license , etc.

Syn. -- Leave; liberty; permission.

<page="849"> Page 849

License <Xpage=849>

Li"cense (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Licensed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Licensing .] To permit or authorize by license; to give license to; as, to license a man to preach .

Milton. Shak.

Licensed <Xpage=849>

Li"censed (?) , a. Having a license; permitted or authorized by license; as, a licensed victualer; a licensed traffic.

Licensed victualer , one who has a license to keep an in or eating house; esp., a victualer who has a license to sell intoxicating liquors.

Licensee <Xpage=849>

Li`cen*see" (?) , n. (Law) The person to whom a license is given.

Licenser <Xpage=849>

Li"cens*er (?) , n. One who gives a license; as, a licenser of the press .

Licensure <Xpage=849>

Li"cen*sure (?) , n. A licensing. [R.]

Licentiate <Xpage=849>

Li*cen"ti*ate (?) , n. [LL. licentiatus , fr. licentiare to allow to do anything, fr. L. licentia license. See License , n. ] 1. One who has a license to exercise a profession; as, a licentiate in medicine or theology .

The college of physicians, in July, 1687, published an edict, requiring all the fellows, candidates, and licentiates , to give gratuitous advice to the neighboring poor. Johnson.

2. A friar authorized to receive confessions and grant absolution in all places, independently of the local clergy. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

3. One who acts without restraint, or takes a liberty, as if having a license therefor. [Obs.]

Bp. Hall.

4. On the continent of Europe, a university degree intermediate between that of bachelor and that of doctor.

Licentiate <Xpage=849>

Li*cen"ti*ate (?) , v. t. To give a license to. [Obs.]

L'Estrange.

Licentious <Xpage=849>

Li*cen"tious (?) , a. [L. licentiosus : cf. F. licencieux . See License .] 1. Characterized by license; passing due bounds; excessive; abusive of freedom; wantonly offensive; as, a licentious press .

A wit that no licentious pertness knows. Savage.

2. Unrestrained by law or morality; lawless; immoral; dissolute; lewd; lascivious; as, a licentious man; a licentious life. " Licentious wickedness."

Shak.

Syn. -- Unrestrained; uncurbed; uncontrolled; unruly; riotous; ungovernable; wanton; profligate; dissolute; lax; loose; sensual; impure; unchaste; lascivious; immoral.

-- Li*cen"tious*ly , adv. -- Li*cen"tious*ness , n.

Lich <Xpage=849>

Lich (?) , a. Like. [Obs.]

Chaucer. Spenser.

Lich <Xpage=849>

Lich (?) , n. [AS. l\'c6c body. See Like , a. ] A dead body; a corpse. [Obs.]

Lich fowl (Zo\'94l.) , the European goatsucker; -- called also lich owl . -- Lich gate , a covered gate through which the corpse was carried to the church or burial place, and where the bier was placed to await clergyman; a corpse gate. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell . -- Lich wake , the wake, or watching, held over a corpse before burial. [Prov Eng.] Chaucer . -- Lich wall , the wall of a churchyard or burying ground. -- Lich way , the path by which the dead are carried to the grave. [Prov. Eng.]

Lichen <Xpage=849>

Li"chen (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/.] 1. (Bot.) One of a class of cellular, flowerless plants, (technically called Lichenes ), having no distinction of leaf and stem, usually of scaly, expanded, frond-like forms, but sometimes erect or pendulous and variously branched. They derive their nourishment from the air, and generate by means of spores. The species are very widely distributed, and form irregular spots or patches, usually of a greenish or yellowish color, upon rocks, trees, and various bodies, to which they adhere with great tenacity. They are often improperly called rock moss or tree moss .

&hand; A favorite modern theory of lichens (called after its inventor the Schwendener hypothesis ), is that they are not autonomous plants, but that they consist of ascigerous fungi, parasitic on alg\'91. Each lichen is composed of white filaments and green, or greenish, rounded cells, and it is argued that the two are of different nature, the one living at the expense of the other. See Hyph\'91 , and Gonidia .

2. (Med.) A name given to several varieties of skin disease, esp. to one characterized by the eruption of small, conical or flat, reddish pimples, which, if unchecked, tend to spread and produce great and even fatal exhaustion.

Lichened <Xpage=849>

Li"chened (?) , a. Belonging to, or covered with, lichens.

Tennyson.

Lichenic <Xpage=849>

Li*chen"ic (?) , a. Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, lichens.

Lichenic acid . (a) An organic acid, C14H24O3 obtained from Iceland moss . (b) An old name of fumaric acid.

Licheniform <Xpage=849>

Li*chen"i*form (?) , a. Having the form of a lichen.

Lichenin <Xpage=849>

Li"chen*in (?) , n. (Chem.) A substance isomeric with starch, extracted from several species of moss and lichen, esp. from Iceland moss.

Lichenographic, Lichenographical <Xpage=849>

Li"chen*o*graph"ic (?) , Li`chen*o*graph"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. lich\'82nographique .] Of or pertaining to lichenography.

Lichenographist <Xpage=849>

Li`chen*og"ra*phist (?) , n. One who describes lichens; one versed in lichenography.

Lichenography <Xpage=849>

Li`chen*og"ra*phy (?) , n. [ Lichen + -graphy : cf. F. lich\'82nographie .] A description of lichens; the science which illustrates the natural history of lichens.

Lichenologist <Xpage=849>

Li`chen*ol"o*gist (?) , n. One versed in lichenology.

Lichenolgy <Xpage=849>

Li`chen*ol"*gy (?) , n. [ Lichen + -logy .] The science which treats of lichens.

Lichenous <Xpage=849>

Li"chen*ous (?) , a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, lichens; abounding in lichens; covered with lichens.

G. Eliot.

Lichi <Xpage=849>

Li"chi` (?) , n. (Bot.) See Litchi .

Lichwale <Xpage=849>

Lich"wale` (?) , n. (Bot.) The gromwell.

Lichwort <Xpage=849>

Lich"wort` (?) , n. (Bot.) An herb, the wall pellitory. See Pellitory .

Licit <Xpage=849>

Lic"it (?) , a. [L. licitus permitted, lawful, from licere : cf. F. licite . See License .] Lawful. " Licit establishments." Carlyle . -- Lic"it*ly , adv. -- Lic"it*ness , n.

Licitation <Xpage=849>

Lic`i*ta"tion (?) , n. [L. licitatio , fr. licitari , liceri , to bid, offer a price.] The act of offering for sale to the highest bidder. [R.]

Lick <Xpage=849>

Lick (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Licked (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Licking .] [AS. liccian ; akin to OS. likk<?/n , D. likken , OHG. lecch<?/n , G. lecken , Goth. bi-laig<?/n , Russ. lizate , L. lingere , Gr. <?/ , Skr. lih , rih . <?/ . Cf. Lecher , Relish .] 1. To draw or pass the tongue over; as, a dog licks his master's hand .

Addison.

2. To lap; to take in with the tongue; as, a dog or cat licks milk .

Shak.

To lick the dust , to be slain; to fall in battle. "His enemies shall lick the dust ." Ps. lxxii. 9 . -- To lick into shape , to give proper form to; -- from a notion that the bear's cubs are born shapeless and subsequently formed by licking. Hudibras . -- To lick the spittle of , to fawn upon. South . -- To lick up , to take all of by licking; to devour; to consume entirely. Shak . Num. xxii. 4 .

Lick <Xpage=849>

Lick , n. [See Lick , v. ] 1. A stroke of the tongue in licking. "A lick at the honey pot."

Dryden.

2. A quick and careless application of anything, as if by a stroke of the tongue, or of something which acts like a tongue; as, to put on colors with a lick of the brush . Also, a small quantity of any substance so applied. [Colloq.]

A lick of court white wash. Gray.

3. A place where salt is found on the surface of the earth, to which wild animals resort to lick it up; -- often, but not always, near salt springs. [U. S.] <-- = salt lick -->

Lick <Xpage=849>

Lick , v. t. [Cf. OSw. l\'84gga to place, strike, prick.] To strike with repeated blows for punishment; to flog; to whip or conquer, as in a pugilistic encounter. [Colloq. or Low] <-- to defeat in a contest? -->

Carlyle. Thackeray.

Lick <Xpage=849>

Lick , n. A slap; a quick stroke. [Colloq.] "A lick across the face."

Dryden.

Licker <Xpage=849>

Lick"er (?) , n. [Cf. Lecher .] One who, or that which, licks.

Licker in (Carding Machine) , the drum, or cylinder, by which the lap is taken from the feed rollers.

Lickerish <Xpage=849>

Lick"er*ish , a. [Cf. Lecherous .] 1. Eager; craving; urged by desire; eager to taste or enjoy; greedy. "The lickerish palate of the glutton."

Bp. Hall.

2. Tempting the appetite; dainty. " Lickerish baits, fit to insnare a brute."

Milton.

3. lecherous; lustful.

Robert of Brunne.

-- Lick"er*ish*ly , adv. -- Lick"er*ish*ness , n.

Lickerous <Xpage=849>

Lick"er*ous (?) , a. Lickerish; eager; lustful. [Obs.]

-- Lick"er*ous*ness , n. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Licking <Xpage=849>

Lick"ing , n. 1. A lapping with the tongue.

2. A flogging or castigation. [Colloq. or Low]

Lickpenny <Xpage=849>

Lick"pen`ny (?) , n. A devourer or absorber of money. "Law is a lickpenny ."

Sir W. Scott.

Lick-spigot <Xpage=849>

Lick"-spig`ot (?) , n. A tapster. [Obs.]

Lick-spittle <Xpage=849>

Lick"-spit`tle (?) , n. An abject flatterer or parasite.

Theodore Hook.

Licorice <Xpage=849>

Lic"o*rice (?) , n. [OE. licoris , though old French, fr. L. liquiritia , corrupted fr. glycyrrhiza , Gr. <?/; <?/ sweet + <?/ root. Cf. Glycerin , Glycyrrhiza , Wort .] [Written also liquorice .] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza ( G. glabra ), the root of which abounds with a juice, and is much used in demulcent compositions.

2. The inspissated juice of licorice root, used as a confection and medicinal purposes.

Licorice fern (Bot.) , a name of several kinds of polypody which have rootstocks of a sweetish flavor. -- Licorice sugar . (Chem.) See Glycyrrhizin . -- Licorice weed (Bot.) , the tropical plant Scapania aulcis . -- Mountain licorice (Bot.) , a kind of clover ( Trifolium alpinum ), found in the Alps. It has large purplish flowers and a sweetish perennial rootstock. -- Wild licorice . (Bot.) (a) The North American perennial herb Glycyrrhiza lepidota . (b) Certain broad-leaved cleavers ( Galium circ\'91zans and G. lanceolatum ). (c) The leguminous climber Abrus precatorius , whose scarlet and black seeds are called black-eyed Susans . Its roots are used as a substitute for those of true licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra ).

Licorous <Xpage=849>

Lic"o*rous (?) , a. See Lickerish . -- Lic"o*rous*ness , n. [Obs.]

Herbert.

Licour <Xpage=849>

Lic"our (?) , n. Liquor. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Lictor <Xpage=849>

Lic"tor , n. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) An officer who bore an ax and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office. His duty was to attend the chief magistrates when they appeared in public, to clear the way, and cause due respect to be paid to them, also to apprehend and punish criminals.

Lictors and rods, the ensigns of their power. Milton.

Lid <Xpage=849>

Lid (?) , n. [AS. hlid , fr. hl\'c6dan (in comp.) to cover, shut; akin to OS. hl\'c6dan (in comp.), D. lid , OHG. hlit , G. augen lid eyelid, Icel. hli<?/ gate, gateway. <?/.]

1. That which covers the opening of a vessel or box, etc. ; a movable cover; as, the lid of a chest or trunk .

2. The cover of the eye; an eyelid.

Shak.

Tears, big tears, gushed from the rough soldier's lid . Byron.

3. (Bot.) (a) The cover of the spore cases of mosses. (b) A calyx which separates from the flower, and falls off in a single piece, as in the Australian Eucalypti . (c) The top of an ovary which opens transversely, as in the fruit of the purslane and the tree which yields Brazil nuts.

Lidded <Xpage=849>

Lid"ded (?) , a. Covered with a lid.

Keats.

Lidge <Xpage=849>

Lidge (?) , n. Same Ledge . [Obs.]

Spenser.

Lidless <Xpage=849>

Lid"less (?) , a. Having no lid, or not covered with the lids, as the eyes; hence, sleepless; watchful.

A lidless watcher of the public weal. Tennyson.

Lie <Xpage=849>

Lie (?) , n. See Lye .

Lie <Xpage=849>

Lie (?) , n. [AS. lyge ; akin to D. leugen , OHG. lugi , G . l\'81ge , lug , Icel. lygi , Dan. & Sw. l\'94gn , Goth. liugn . See Lie to utter a falsehood.] 1. A falsehood uttered or acted for the purpose of deception; an intentional violation of truth; an untruth spoken with the intention to deceive.

It is willful deceit that makes a lie . A man may act a lie , as by pointing his finger in a wrong direction when a traveler inquires of him his road. Paley.

2. A fiction; a fable; an untruth.

Dryden.

3. Anything which misleads or disappoints.

Wishing this lie of life was o'er. Trench.

To give the lie to . (a) To charge with falsehood; as, the man gave him the lie . (b) To reveal to be false; as, a man's actions may give the lie to his words . -- White lie , a euphemism for such lies as one finds it convenient to tell, and excuses himself for telling.

Syn. -- Untruth; falsehood; fiction; deception. -- lie , Untruth . A man may state what is untrue from ignorance or misconception; hence, to impute an untruth to one is not necessarily the same as charging him with a lie . Every lie is an untruth , but not every untruth is a lie . Cf. Falsity .

Lie <Xpage=849>