Chapter 899

Libation <Xpage=847>

Li*ba"tion (?) , n. [L. libatio , fr. libare to take a little from anything, to taste, to pour out as an offering: cf. F. libation .] The act of pouring a liquid or liquor, usually wine, either on the ground or on a victim in sacrifice, in honor of some deity; also, the wine or liquid thus poured out.

Dryden.

A heathen sacrifice or libation to the earth. Bacon.

Libatory <Xpage=847>

Li"ba*to*ry (?) , a. Pertaining to libation.

Libbard <Xpage=847>

Lib"bard (?) , n. [See Leopard .] A leopard. [Obs. or Poetic]

Spenser. Keats.

Libbard's bane <Xpage=847>

Lib"bard's bane` (?) . Leopard's bane. [Obs.]

Libel <Xpage=847>

Li"bel (?) , n. [L. libellus a little book, pamphlet, libel, lampoon, dim. of liber the liber or inner bark of a tree; also (because the ancients wrote on this bark), paper, parchment, or a roll of any material used to write upon, and hence, a book or treatise: cf. F. libelle .]

1. A brief writing of any kind, esp. a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

A libel of forsaking [divorcement]. Wyclif (Matt. v. 31).

2. Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire.

3. (Law) A malicious publication expressed either in print or in writing, or by pictures, effigies, or other signs, tending to expose another to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule. Such publication is indictable at common law.

&hand; The term, in a more extended sense, includes the publication of such writings, pictures, and the like, as are of a blasphemous, treasonable, seditious, or obscene character. These also are indictable at common law.

4. (Law) The crime of issuing a malicious defamatory publication.

5. (Civil Law & Courts of Admiralty) A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of his cause of action, and of the relief he seeks .

Libel <Xpage=847>

Li"bel , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Liebeled (?) or Libelled ; p. pr. & vb. n. Libeling or Libelling .] 1. To defame, or expose to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule, by a writing, picture, sign, etc.; to lampoon.

Some wicked wits have libeled all the fair. Pope.

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2. (Law) To proceed against by filing a libel, particularly against a ship or goods.

Libel <Xpage=848>

Li"bel (?) , v. i. To spread defamation, written or printed; -- with against . [Obs.]

What's this but libeling against the senate? Shak.

[He] libels now 'gainst each great man. Donne.

Libelant <Xpage=848>

Li"bel*ant (?) , n. One who libels; one who institutes a suit in an ecclesiastical or admiralty court. [Written also libellant .]

Cranch.

Libeler <Xpage=848>

Li"bel*er (?) , n. One who libels. [Written also libeller .] " Libelers of others."

Buckkminster.

Libelist <Xpage=848>

Li"bel*ist (?) , n. A libeler.

Li bella <Xpage=848>

Li *bel"la (?) , n. [L., dim. of libra balance. See Level , n. ] 1. A small balance.

2. A level, or leveling instrument.

Libellulid <Xpage=848>

Li*bel"lu*lid (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A dragon fly.

Libelluloid <Xpage=848>

Li*bel"lu*loid (?) , a. [NL. Libellula , the name of the typical genus + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the dragon fi<?/es.

Libelous <Xpage=848>

Li"bel*ous (?) , a. Containing or involving a libel; defamatory; containing that which exposes some person to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule; as, a libelous pamphlet . [Written also libellous .] -- Li"bel*ous*ly , adv.

Liber <Xpage=848>

Li"ber (?) , n. [L. See Libel .] (Bot.) The inner bark of plants, lying next to the wood. It usually contains a large proportion of woody, fibrous cells, and is, therefore, the part from which the fiber of the plant is obtained, as that of hemp, etc.

Liber cells , elongated woody cells found in the liber.

Liberal <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*al (?) , a. [F. lib\'82ral , L. liberalis , from liber free; perh. akin to libet , lubet ,it pleases, E. lief . Cf. Deliver .] 1. Free by birth; hence, befitting a freeman or gentleman; refined; noble; independent; free; not servile or mean; as, a liberal ancestry; a liberal spirit; liberal arts or studies. " Liberal education." Macaulay . " A liberal tongue."

Shak.

2. Bestowing in a large and noble way, as a freeman; generous; bounteous; open-handed; as, a liberal giver . " Liberal of praise."

Bacon.

Infinitely good, and of his good As liberal and free as infinite. Milton.

3. Bestowed in a large way; hence, more than sufficient; abundant; bountiful; ample; profuse; as, a liberal gift; a liberal discharge of matter or of water.

His wealth doth warrant a liberal dower. Shak.

4. Not strict or rigorous; not confined or restricted to the literal sense; free; as, a liberal translation of a classic, or a liberal construction of law or of language .

5. Not narrow or contracted in mind; not selfish; enlarged in spirit; catholic.

6. Free to excess; regardless of law or moral restraint; licentious. " Most like a liberal villain."

Shak.

7. Not bound by orthodox tenets or established forms in political or religious philosophy; independent in opinion; not conservative; friendly to great freedom in the constitution or administration of government; having tendency toward democratic or republican, as distinguished from monarchical or aristocratic, forms; as, liberal thinkers; liberal Christians; the Liberal party.

I confess I see nothing liberal in this " order of thoughts," as Hobbes elsewhere expresses it. Hazlitt.

&hand; Liberal has of, sometimes with , before the thing bestowed, in before a word signifying action, and to before a person or object on which anything is bestowed; as, to be liberal of praise or censure; liberal with money; liberal in giving; liberal to the poor.

The liberal arts . See under Art . -- Liberal education , education that enlarges and disciplines the mind and makes it master of its own powers, irrespective of the particular business or profession one may follow.

Syn. -- Generous; bountiful; munificent; beneficent; ample; large; profuse; free. -- Liberal , Generous . Liberal is freeborn , and generous is highborn . The former is opposed to the ordinary feelings of a servile state, and implies largeness of spirit in giving, judging, acting, etc. The latter expresses that nobleness of soul which is peculiarly appropriate to those of high rank, -- a spirit that goes out of self, and finds its enjoyment in consulting the feelings and happiness of others. Generosity is measured by the extent of the sacrifices it makes; liberality , by the warmth of feeling which it manifests.

Liberal <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*al , n. One who favors greater freedom in political or religious matters; an opponent of the established systems; a reformer; in English politics, a member of the Liberal party, so called. Cf. Whig .

Liberalism <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*al*ism (?) , n. [Cf. F. lib\'82ralisme .] Liberal principles; the principles and methods of the liberals in politics or religion; specifically, the principles of the Liberal party.

Liberalist <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*al*ist , n. A liberal.

Liberalistic <Xpage=848>

Lib`er*al*is"tic (?) , a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, liberalism; as, liberalistic opinions .

Liberality <Xpage=848>

Lib`er*al"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Liberalities (#) . [L. liberalitas : cf. F. lib\'82ralit\'82 .] 1. The quality or state of being liberal; liberal disposition or practice; freedom from narrowness or prejudice; generosity; candor; charity.

That liberality is but cast away Which makes us borrow what we can not pay. Denham.

2. A gift; a gratuity; -- sometimes in the plural; as, a prudent man is not impoverished by his liberalities .

Liberalization <Xpage=848>

Lib`er*al*i*za"tion (?) , n. The act of liberalizing.

Liberalize <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*al*ize (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Liberalized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Liberalizing (?) .] [Cf. F. lib\'82raliser .] To make liberal; to free from narrow views or prejudices.

To open and to liberalize the mind. Burke.

Liberalizer <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*al*i`zer (?) , n. One who, or that which, liberalizes.

Emerson.

Liberally <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*al*ly , adv. In a liberal manner.

Liberate <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*ate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Liberated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Liberating (?) .] [L. liberatus , p. p. of liberare to free, fr. liber free. See Liberal , a. , and cf. Deliver .] To release from restraint or bondage; to set at liberty; to free; to manumit; to disengage; as, to liberate a slave or prisoner; to liberate the mind from prejudice; to liberate gases.

Syn. -- To deliver; free; release. See Deliver .

Liberation <Xpage=848>

Lib`er*a"tion (?) , n. [L. liberatio : cf. F. lib\'82ration . Cf. Livraison .] The act of liberating or the state of being liberated.

This mode of analysis requires perfect liberation from all prejudged system. Pownall.

Liberator <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*a`tor (?) , n. [L.] One who, or that which, liberates; a deliverer.

Liberatory <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*a*to*ry (?) , a. Tending, or serving, to liberate. [R.]

Libertarian <Xpage=848>

Lib`er*ta"ri*an (?) , a. [See Liberty .] Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.

Libertarian <Xpage=848>

Lib`er*ta"ri*an , n. One who holds to the doctrine of free will.

Libertarianism <Xpage=848>

Lib`er*ta"ri*an*ism (?) , n. Libertarian principles or doctrines.

Liberticide <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*ti*cide (?) , n. [L. libertas liberty + caedere to kill: cf. (for sense 2) F. liberticide .] 1. The destruction of civil liberty.

2. A destroyer of civil liberty.

B. F. Wade.

Libertinage <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*tin*age (?) n. [Cf. F. libertinage . See Libertine .] Libertinism; license. [R.]

Libertine <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*tine (?) , n. [L. libertinus freedman, from libertus one made free, fr. liber free: cf. F. libertin . See Liberal .] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A manumitted slave; a freedman; also, the son of a freedman.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Anabaptists, in the fifteenth and early part of the sixteenth century, who rejected many of the customs and decencies of life, and advocated a community of goods and of women.

3. One free from restraint; one who acts according to his impulses and desires; now, specifically, one who gives rein to lust; a rake; a debauchee.

Like a puffed and reckless libertine , Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads. Shak.

4. A defamatory name for a freethinker. [Obsoles.]

Libertine <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*tine , a. [L. libertinus of a freedman: cf. F. libertin . See Libertine , n. ] 1. Free from restraint; uncontrolled. [Obs.]

You are too much libertine . Beau. & Fl.

2. Dissolute; licentious; profligate; loose in morals; as, libertine principles or manners .

Bacon.

Libertinism <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*tin*ism (?) , n. 1. The state of a libertine or freedman. [R.]

Hammond.

2. Licentious conduct; debauchery; lewdness.

3. Licentiousness of principle or opinion.

That spirit of religion and seriousness vanished all at once, and a spirit of liberty and libertinism , of infidelity and profaneness, started up in the room of it. Atterbury.

Liberty <Xpage=848>

Lib"er*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Liberties (<?/) . [OE. liberte , F. libert\'82 , fr. L. libertas , fr. liber free. See Liberal .] 1. The state of a free person; exemption from subjection to the will of another claiming ownership of the person or services; freedom; -- opposed to slavery, serfdom, bondage, or subjection.

But ye . . . caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid whom he had set at liberty at their pleasure, to return, and brought them into subjection. Jer. xxxiv. 16.

Delivered fro the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. Bible, 1551. Rom. viii. 21.

2. Freedom from imprisonment, bonds, or other restraint upon locomotion.

Being pent from liberty , as I am now. Shak.

3. A privilege conferred by a superior power; permission granted; leave; as, liberty given to a child to play, or to a witness to leave a court, and the like .

4. Privilege; exemption; franchise; immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant; as, the liberties of the commercial cities of Europe .

His majesty gave not an entire county to any; much less did he grant . . . any extraordinary liberties . Sir J. Davies.

5. The place within which certain immunities are enjoyed, or jurisdiction is exercised. [Eng.]

Brought forth into some public or open place within the liberty of the city, and there . . . burned. Fuller.

6. A certain amount of freedom; permission to go freely within certain limits; also, the place or limits within which such freedom is exercised; as, the liberties of a prison .

7. A privilege or license in violation of the laws of etiquette or propriety; as, to permit, or take, a liberty .

He was repeatedly provoked into striking those who had taken liberties with him. Macaulay.

8. The power of choice; freedom from necessity; freedom from compulsion or constraint in willing.

The idea of liberty is the idea of a power in any agent to do or forbear any particular action, according to the determination or thought of the mind, whereby either of them is preferred to the other. Locke.

This liberty of judgment did not of necessity lead to lawlessness. J. A. Symonds.

9. (Manege) A curve or arch in a bit to afford room for the tongue of the horse.

10. (Naut.) Leave of absence; permission to go on shore.

At liberty . (a) Unconfined; free . (b) At leisure . -- Civil liberty , exemption from arbitrary interference with person, opinion, or property, on the part of the government under which one lives, and freedom to take part in modifying that government or its laws. -- Liberty bell . See under Bell . -- Liberty cap . (a) The Roman pileus which was given to a slave at his manumission . (b) A limp, close-fitting cap with which the head of representations of the goddess of liberty is often decked. It is sometimes represented on a spear or a liberty pole. -- Liberty of the press , freedom to print and publish without official supervision. Liberty party , the party, in the American Revolution, which favored independence of England; in more recent usage, a party which favored the emancipation of the slaves. -- Liberty pole , a tall flagstaff planted in the ground, often surmounted by a liberty cap. [U. S.] -- Moral liberty , that liberty of choice which is essential to moral responsibility. -- Religious liberty , freedom of religious opinion and worship.

Syn. -- Leave; permission; license. -- Liberty , Freedom . These words, though often interchanged, are distinct in some of of their applications. Liberty has reference to previous restraint; freedom , to the simple, unrepressed exercise of our powers. A slave is set at liberty ; his master had always been in a state of freedom . A prisoner under trial may ask liberty (exemption from restraint) to speak his sentiments with freedom (the spontaneous and bold utterance of his feelings), The liberty of the press is our great security for freedom of thought.

Libethenite <Xpage=848>

Li*beth"en*ite (?) , n. [From Libethen , in Hungary, where it was first found.] (Min.) A mineral of an olive-green color, commonly in orthorhombic crystals. It is a hydrous phosphate of copper.

Libidinist <Xpage=848>

Li*bid"i*nist (?) , n. [See Libidinous .] One given to lewdness.

Libidinosity <Xpage=848>

Li*bid`i*nos"i*ty (?) , n. The state or quality of being libidinous; libidinousness.

Skelton.

Libidinous <Xpage=848>

Li*bid"i*nous (?) , a. [L. libidinosus , fr. libido , libidinis , pleasure, desire, lust, fr. libet , lubet , it pleases: cf. F. libidineux . See Lief .] Having lustful desires; characterized by lewdness; sensual; lascivious. -- Li*bid"i*nous*ly , adv. -- Li*bid"i*nous*ness , n.

Syn. -- Lewd; lustful; lascivious; unchaste; impure; sensual; licentious; lecherous; salacious.

Libken, Libkin <Xpage=848>

Lib"ken (?) , Lib"kin (?) , n. [AS. libban , F. live , v. i. + -kin .] A house or lodging. [Old Slang]

B. Jonson.

Libra <Xpage=848>

Li"bra (?) , n. ; pl. Libr\'91 (#) . [L., a balance.] (Astron.) (a) The Balance; the seventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox in September, marked thus &libra; in almanacs, etc. (b ) A southern constellation between Virgo and Scorpio.

Libral <Xpage=848>

Li"bral (?) , a. [L. libralis , fr. libra the Roman pound.] Of a pound weight. [Obs.]

Johnson.

Librarian <Xpage=848>

Li*bra"ri*an , n. [See Library .] 1. One who has the care or charge of a library.

2. One who copies manuscript books. [Obs.]

Broome.

Librarianship <Xpage=848>

Li*bra"ri*an*ship , n. The office of a librarian.

Library <Xpage=848>

Li"bra*ry (?) , n. ; pl. Libraries (#) . [OE. librairie , F. librairie bookseller's shop, book trade, formerly, a library, fr. libraire bookseller, L. librarius , from liber book; cf. libraria bookseller's shop, librarium bookcase, It. libreria . See Libel .] 1. A considerable collection of books kept for use, and not as merchandise; as, a private library ; a public library .

2. A building or apartment appropriated for holding such a collection of books.

Holland.

Librate <Xpage=848>