Chapter 859

Kay"ak (?) , n. (Naut.) A light canoe, made of skins stretched over a frame, and usually capable of carrying but one person, who sits amidships and uses a double-bladed paddle. It is peculiar to the Eskimos and other Arctic tribes.

Kayaker <Xpage=809>

Kay"ak*er (?) , n. One who uses a kayak.

Kayko <Xpage=809>

Kay"ko (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The dog salmon.

Kayles <Xpage=809>

Kayles (?) , n. pl. [Akin to Dan. kegle , Sw. kegla , D. & G. kegel , OHG. kegil , whence F. quille .] A game; ninepins. [Prov Eng.]

Carew.

Kaynard <Xpage=809>

Kay"nard (?) , n. [F. cagnard .] A lazy or cowardly person; a rascal. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Keck <Xpage=809>

Keck (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Kecked (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Kecking .] [Cf. dial. G. k\'94cken , k\'94ken .] To heave or to retch, as in an effort to vomit. [R.]

Swift.

Keck <Xpage=809>

Keck , n. An effort to vomit; queasiness. [R.]

Keckle <Xpage=809>

Kec"kle (?) , v. i. & n. See Keck , v. i. & n.

Keckle <Xpage=809>

Kec"kle , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Keckled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Keckling (?) .] (Naut.) To wind old rope around, as a cable, to preserve its surface from being fretted, or to wind iron chains around, to defend from the friction of a rocky bottom, or from the ice.

Totten.

Keckling <Xpage=809>

Kec"kling (?) , n. Old rope or iron chains wound around a cable. See Keckle , v. t.

Kecklish <Xpage=809>

Kec"klish (?) , a. [From keck , keckle .] Inclined to vomit; squeamish. [R.]

Holland.

Kecksy <Xpage=809>

Keck"sy (?) , n. ; pl. Kecksies (-s&icr;z) . [Properly pl. of kex . See Kex .] (Bot.) The hollow stalk of an umbelliferous plant, such as the cow parsnip or the hemlock. [Written also kex , and in pl ., kecks , kaxes .]

Nothing teems But hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies , burs. Shak.

Kecky <Xpage=809>

Keck"y (?) , a. Resembling a kecksy.

Grew.

Kedge <Xpage=809>

Kedge (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Kedged (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Kedging .] [Cf. dial. Sw. keka to tug, to drag one's self slowly forward; or perh. fr. ked , and kedge , n. , for ked anchor , named from the ked or cask fastened to the anchor to show where it lies.] (Naut.) To move (a vessel) by carrying out a kedge in a boat, dropping it overboard, and hauling the vessel up to it.

Kedge <Xpage=809>

Kedge , n. [See Kedge , v. t. ] (Naut.) A small anchor used whenever a large one can be dispensed witch. See Kedge , v. t. , and Anchor , n.

Keger <Xpage=809>

Keg"er (?) n. (Naut.) A small anchor; a kedge.

Kedlook <Xpage=809>

Ked"look (?) , n. [Cf. dial. G. k\'94ddik , k\'81dik , kettich , keek , Dan. kidike , E. charlock , and AS. cedelc the herb mercury.] (Bot.) See Charlock .

Kee <Xpage=809>

Kee (?) , n. pl. of Cow. [AS. c<?/ , pl. of c<?/ cow. See Kine .] See Kie , Ky , and Kine . [Prov. Eng.]

Gay.

Keech <Xpage=809>

Keech (?) , n. [Cf. Prov. E. keech a cake.] A mass or lump of fat rolled up by the butcher. [Obs.]

Shak.

Keel <Xpage=809>

Keel (?) , v. t. & i. [AS. c<?/lan to cool, fr. c<?/l cool. See Cool .] To cool; to akin or stir [Obs.]

While greasy Joan doth keel the pot. Shak.

Keel <Xpage=809>

Keel , n. A brewer's cooling vat; a keelfat.

Keel <Xpage=809>

Keel , n. [Cf. AS. ce\'a2l ship; akin to D. & G. kiel keel, OHG. chiol ship, Icel. kj<?/ll , and perh. to Gr. <?/ a round-built Ph<?/nician merchant vessel, <?/ bucket; cf. Skr. g <?/ la ball, round water vessel. But the meaning of the English word seems to come from Icel. kj\'94lr keel, akin to Sw. k\'94l , Dan. kj\'94l .] 1. (Shipbuilding) A longitudinal timber, or series of timbers scarfed together, extending from stem to stern along the bottom of a vessel. It is the principal timber of the vessel, and, by means of the ribs attached on each side, supports the vessel's frame. In an iron vessel, a combination of plates supplies the place of the keel of a wooden ship. See Illust . of Keelson .

2. Fig.: The whole ship.

3. A barge or lighter, used on the Type for carrying coal from Newcastle; also, a barge load of coal, twentyone tons, four cwt. [Eng.]

4. (Bot.) The two lowest petals of the corolla of a papilionaceous flower, united and inclosing the stamens and pistil; a carina. See Carina .

5. (Nat. Hist.) A projecting ridge along the middle of a flat or curved surface.

Bilge keel (Naut.) , a keel peculiar to ironclad vessels, extending only a portion of the length of the vessel under the bilges. Ham. Nav. Encyc . -- False keel . See under False . -- Keel boat . (a) A covered freight boat, with a keel, but no sails, used on Western rivers . [U. S.] (b) A low, flat-bottomed freight boat. See Keel , n. , 3. -- Keel piece , one of the timbers or sections of which a keel is composed. On even keel , in a level or horizontal position, so that the draught of water at the stern and the bow is the same. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Keel <Xpage=809>

Keel , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Keeled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Keeling .] 1. To traverse with a keel; to navigate.

2. To turn up the keel; to show the bottom.

To keel over , to upset; to capsize. [Colloq.]

Keelage <Xpage=809>

Keel"age (?) , n. [Cf. F. guillage , fr. guille keel; of German or Scand origin. See 3d Keel .] The right of demanding a duty or toll for a ship entering a port; also, the duty or toll.

Bouvier. Wharton.

Keeled <Xpage=809>

Keeled (?) , a. 1. (Bot.) Keel-shaped; having a longitudinal prominence on the back; as, a keeled leaf .

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a median ridge; carinate; as, a keeled scale .

Keeler <Xpage=809>

Keel"er (?) , n. [See 3d Keel .] 1. One employed in managing a Newcastle keel; -- called also keelman .

2. A small or shallow tub; esp., one used for holding materials for calking ships, or one used for washing dishes, etc.

Keelfat <Xpage=809>

Keel"fat` (?) , n. [ Keel to cool + fat a large tub, a vat.] (Brewing) A cooler; a vat for cooling wort, etc. [Written also keelvat .]

Johnson.

Keelhaul <Xpage=809>

Keel"haul` (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Keelhauled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Keelhauling .] [ 3d keel + haul : cf. LG. & D. kielhalen , G. kielholen . ] [Written also keelhale .] (Naut.) To haul under the keel of a ship, by ropes attached to the yardarms on each side. It was formerly practiced as a punishment in the Dutch and English navies.

Totten.

Keeling <Xpage=809>

Kee"ling (?) , n. [Cf. Icel. keila , Sw. kolja , Dan. kulle .] (Zo\'94l.) A cod.

Keelivine <Xpage=809>

Kee"li*vine (?) , n. [Cf. Gael. cil ruddle.] A pencil of black or red lead; -- called also keelyvine pen . [Scot.]

Sir W. Scott.

Keelman <Xpage=809>

Keel"man (?) , n. ; pl. - men (<?/) . See Keeler , 1.

Keelrake <Xpage=809>

Keel"rake` (?) , v. t. (Naut.) Same as Keelhaul .

Keels <Xpage=809>

Keels (?) , n. pl. Ninepins. See Kayles .

Keelson <Xpage=809>

Keel"son (?) , n. [Akin to Sw. k\'94lsvin , Dan. kj\'94lsviin , G. kielschwein ; apparently compounded of the words keel and swine ; but cf. Norweg. kj\'94lsvill , where svill is akin to E. sill , n. ] (Shipbuilding) A piece of timber in a ship laid on the middle of the floor timbers over the keel, and binding the floor timbers to the keel; in iron vessels, a structure of plates, situated like the keelson of a timber ship.

Cross keelson , a similar structure lying athwart the main keelson, to support the engines and boilers.

<page="810"> Page 810

Keelvat <Xpage=810>

Keel"vat` (?) , n. See Keelfat .

Keen <Xpage=810>

Keen (?) , a. [ Compar. Keener (?) ; superl. Keenest .] [OE. kene sharp, bold, AS. c<?/ne bold; akin to D. koen , OHG. kuoni , G. k\'81hn , OSw. kyn , k\'94n , Icel. k\'91nn , for koenn wise; perh. akin to E. ken , can to be able. <?/45. ] 1. Sharp; having a fine edge or point; as, a keen razor, or a razor with a keen edge .

A bow he bare and arwes [arrows] bright and kene . Chaucer.

That my keen knife see not the wound it makes. Shak.

2. Acute of mind; sharp; penetrating; having or expressing mental acuteness; as, a man of keen understanding; a keen look; keen features.

To make our wits more keen . Shak.

Before the keen inquiry of her thought. Cowper.

3. Bitter; piercing; acrimonious; cutting; stinging; severe; as, keen satire or sarcasm .

Good father cardinal, cry thou amen To my keen curses. Shak.

4. Piercing; penetrating; cutting; sharp; -- applied to cold, wind, etc, ; as, a keen wind; the cold is very keen .

Breasts the keen air, and carols as he goes. Goldsmith.

5. Eager; vehement; fierce; as, a keen appetite . "Of full kene will."

Piers Plowman.

So keen and greedy to confound a man. Shak.

&hand; Keen is often used in the composition of words, most of which are of obvious signification; as, keen -edged, keen -eyed, keen -sighted, keen -witted, etc.

Syn. -- Prompt; eager; ardent; sharp; acute; cutting; penetrating; biting; severe; sarcastic; satirical; piercing; shrewd.

Keen <Xpage=810>

Keen , v. t. To sharpen; to make cold. [R.]

Cold winter keens the brightening flood. Thomson.

Keen <Xpage=810>

Keen , n. [Ir. caoine .] A prolonged wail for a deceased person. Cf. Coranach . [Ireland]

Froude.

Keen <Xpage=810>

Keen , v. i. To wail as a keener does. [Ireland]

Keener <Xpage=810>

Keen"er (?) , n. A professional mourner who wails at a funeral. [Ireland]

Keenly <Xpage=810>

Keen"ly , adv. In a keen manner.

Keenness <Xpage=810>

Keen"ness , n. The quality or state of being keen.

Keep <Xpage=810>

Keep (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Kept (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Keeping .] [OE. k<?/pen , AS. c<?/pan to keep, regard, desire, await, take, betake; cf. AS. copenere lover, OE. copnien to desire.] 1. To care; to desire. [Obs.]

I kepe not of armes for to yelp [boast]. Chaucer.

2. To hold; to restrain from departure or removal; not to let go of; to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose; to retain; to detain.

If we lose the field, We can not keep the town. Shak.

That I may know what keeps me here with you. Dryden.

If we would weigh and keep in our minds what we are considering, that would instruct us. Locke.

3. To cause to remain in a given situation or condition; to maintain unchanged; to hold or preserve in any state or tenor.

His loyalty he kept , his love, his zeal. Milton.

Keep a stiff rein, and move but gently on. Addison.

&hand; In this sense it is often used with prepositions and adverbs, as to keep away , to keep down , to keep from , to keep in , out , or off , etc. "To keep off impertinence and solicitation from his superior."

Addison.

4. To have in custody; to have in some place for preservation; to take charge of.

The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary, was always kept in the castle of Vicegrade. Knolles.

5. To preserve from danger, harm, or loss; to guard.

Behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee. Gen. xxviii. 15.

6. To preserve from discovery or publicity; not to communicate, reveal, or betray, as a secret.

Great are thy virtues . . . though kept from man. Milton.

7. To attend upon; to have the care of; to tend.

And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it. Gen. ii. 15.

In her girlish age, she kept sheep on the moor. Carew.

8. To record transactions, accounts, or events in; as, to keep books, a journal, etc. ; also, to enter (as accounts, records, etc. ) in a book.

9. To maintain, as an establishment, institution, or the like; to conduct; to manage; as, to keep store .

Like a pedant that keeps a school. Shak.

Every one of them kept house by himself. Hayward.

10. To supply with necessaries of life; to entertain; as, to keep boarders .

11. To have in one's service; to have and maintain, as an assistant, a servant, a mistress, a horse, etc.

I keep but three men and a boy. Shak.

12. To have habitually in stock for sale.

13. To continue in, as a course or mode of action; not to intermit or fall from; to hold to; to maintain; as, to keep silence; to keep one's word; to keep possession.

Both day and night did we keep company. Shak.

Within this portal as I kept my watch. Smollett.

14. To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; not to swerve from or violate; to practice or perform, as duty; not to neglect; to be faithful to.

I have kept the faith. 2 Tim. iv. 7.

Him whom to love is to obey, and keep His great command. Milton.

15. To confine one's self to; not to quit; to remain in; as, to keep one's house, room, bed, etc. ; hence, to haunt; to frequent.

Shak.

'Tis hallowed ground; Fairies, and fawns, and satyrs do it keep . J. Fletcher.

16. To observe duty, as a festival, etc. ; to celebrate; to solemnize; as, to keep a feast .

I went with them to the house of God . . . with a multitude that kept holyday. Ps. xlii. 4.

To keep at arm's length . See under Arm , n. -- To keep back . (a) To reserve; to withhold . "I will keep nothing back from you." Jer. xlii. 4. (b) To restrain; to hold back. " Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins." Ps. xix. 13 . -- To keep company with . (a) To frequent the society of; to associate with; as, let youth keep company with the wise and good. (b) To accompany; to go with; as, to keep company with one on a voyage; also, to pay court to, or accept attentions from, with a view to marriage . [Colloq.] -- To keep counsel . See under Counsel , n. -- To keep down . (a) To hold in subjection; to restrain; to hinder . (b) (Fine Arts) To subdue in tint or tone, as a portion of a picture, so that the spectator's attention may not be diverted from the more important parts of the work. -- To keep good (&or; bad ) hours , to be customarily early (or late) in returning home or in retiring to rest. -- To keep house . (a) To occupy a separate house or establishment, as with one's family, as distinguished from boarding ; to manage domestic affairs . (b) (Eng. Bankrupt Law) To seclude one's self in one's house in order to evade the demands of creditors. -- To keep one's hand in , to keep in practice. -- To keep open house , to be hospitable. -- To keep the peace (Law) , to avoid or to prevent a breach of the peace. -- To keep school , to govern, manage and instruct or teach a school, as a preceptor. -- To keep a stiff upper lip , to keep up one's courage. [Slang] -- To keep term . (a) (Eng. Universities) To reside during a term . (b) (Inns of Court) To eat a sufficient number of dinners in hall to make the term count for the purpose of being called to the bar . [Eng.] Mozley & W. -- To keep touch . See under Touch , n. -- To keep under , to hold in subjection; hence, to oppress. -- To keep up . (a) To maintain; to prevent from falling or diminution; as, to keep up the price of goods; to keep up one's credit . (b) To maintain; to continue; to prevent from ceasing . "In joy, that which keeps up the action is the desire to continue it."

Locke.

Syn. -- To retain; detain; reserve; preserve; hold; restrain; maintain; sustain; support; withhold. -- To Keep . Retain , Preserve . Keep is the generic term, and is often used where retain or preserve would too much restrict the meaning; as, to keep silence, etc. Retain denotes that we keep or hold things, as against influences which might deprive us of them, or reasons which might lead us to give them up; as, to retain vivacity in old age; to retain counsel in a lawsuit; to retain one's servant after a reverse of fortune. Preserve denotes that we keep a thing against agencies which might lead to its being destroyed or broken in upon; as, to preserve one's health; to preserve appearances.

Keep <Xpage=810>

Keep (?) , v. i. 1. To remain in any position or state; to continue; to abide; to stay; as, to keep at a distance; to keep aloft; to keep near; to keep in the house; to keep before or behind; to keep in favor; to keep out of company, or out reach.

2. To last; to endure; to remain unimpaired.

If the malt be not thoroughly dried, the ale it makes will not keep . Mortimer.

3. To reside for a time; to lodge; to dwell. [Now disused except locally or colloquially.]

Knock at his study, where, they say, he keeps . Shak.

4. To take care; to be solicitous; to watch. [Obs.]

Keep that the lusts choke not the word of God that is in us. Tyndale.