Chapter 843

I*tin"er*ant (?) , a. [LL. itinerans , -antis , p. pr. of itinerare to make a journey, fr. L. iter , itineris , a walk, way, journey. See Errant , Issue .] Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an itinerant peddler.

The king's own courts were then itinerant , being kept in the king's palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses which he continually made. Blackstone.

Itinerant <Xpage=793>

I*tin"er*ant , a. One who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled.

Glad to turn itinerant , To stroll and teach from town to town. Hudibras.

Itinerantly <Xpage=793>

I*tin"er*ant*ly , adv. In an itinerant manner.

Itinerary <Xpage=793>

I*tin"er*a*ry (?) , a. [L. itinerarius : cf. F. itin\'82raire . See Itinerant .] Itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on a journey.

It was rather an itinerary circuit of justice than a progress. Bacon.

Itinerary <Xpage=793>

I*tin"er*a*ry , n. ; pl. Itineraries (#) . [L. itinerarium : cf. F. itin\'82raire . See Itinerary , a. ] An account of travels, or a register of places and distances as a guide to travelers; as, the Itinerary of Antoninus .

Itinerate <Xpage=793>

I*tin"er*ate (?) . v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Itinerated (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Itinerating (#) .] [LL. itineratus , p. p. of itinerari , itinerare . See Itinerant .] To wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc.

-itis <Xpage=793>

-i"tis (?) , [Gr. <?/, orig, fem. adjective suffix.] A suffix used in medical terms to denote an inflammatory disease of ; as, arthr itis ; bronch itis , phren itis .

Its <Xpage=793>

Its (?) . Possessive form of the pronoun it . See It .

Itself <Xpage=793>

It*self" (?) , pron. The neuter reciprocal pronoun of It ; as, the thing is good in itself ; it stands by itself .

Borrowing of foreigners, in itself , makes not the kingdom rich or poor. Locke.

Ittria <Xpage=793>

It"tri*a (?) , n. [NL.] See Yttria .

Ittrium <Xpage=793>

It"tri*um (?) , n. [NL.] See Yttrium .

Itzibu <Xpage=793>

It"zi*bu (?) , n. [Jap. ichibu .] (Numis.) A silver coin of Japan, worth about thirty-four cents. [Written also itzebu , ichebu , itcheboo , etc.]

Iulidan <Xpage=793>

I*u"li*dan (?) , n. [See Iulus .] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Iulid\'91 , a family of myriapods, of which the genus Iulus is the type. See Iulus .

Iulus <Xpage=793>

I*u"lus (?) , n. [L., down, Gr. <?/ down, centipede.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of chilognathous myriapods. The body is long and round, consisting of numerous smooth, equal segments, each of which bears two pairs of short legs. It includes the galleyworms. See Chilognatha .

Ivan Ivanovitch <Xpage=793>

I*van" I*van"o*vitch (?) . An ideal personification of the typical Russian or of the Russian people; -- used as "John Bull" is used for the typical Englishman.

I've <Xpage=793>

I've (?) . Colloquial contraction of I have .

-ive <Xpage=793>

-ive (?) . [L. - ivus .] An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to , of the nature of , tending to ; as affirmat ive , act ive , conclus ive , correct ive , diminut ive .

Ivied <Xpage=793>

I"vied (?) , a. [From Ivy .] Overgrown with ivy.

Ivoride <Xpage=793>

I"vo*ride (?) , n. A composition resembling ivory in appearance and used as a substitute for it.

Ivory <Xpage=793>

I"vo*ry (?) , n. ; pl. Ivories (#) . [OE. ivori , F. ivoire , fr. L. eboreus made of ivory, fr. ebur , eboris , ivory, cf. Skr. ibha elephant. Cf. Eburnean .]

<page="794"> Page 794

1. The hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the tusks of the elephant. It is a variety of dentine, characterized by the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their double flexure. It is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or utility.

&hand; Ivory is the name commercially given not only to the substance constituting the tusks of the elephant, but also to that of the tusks of the hippopotamus and walrus, the hornlike tusk of the narwhal, etc.

2. The tusks themselves of the elephant, etc.

3. Any carving executed in ivory.

Mollett.

4. pl. Teeth; as, to show one's ivories . [Slang]

Ivory black . See under Black , n. -- Ivory gull (Zo\'94l.) , a white Arctic gull ( Larus eburneus ). -- Ivory nut (Bot.) , the nut of a species of palm, the Phytephas macroarpa , often as large as a hen's egg. When young the seed contains a fluid, which gradually hardness into a whitish, close-grained, albuminous substance, resembling the finest ivory in texture and color, whence it is called vegetable ivory . It is wrought into various articles, as buttons, chessmen, etc. The palm is found in New Grenada. A smaller kind is the fruit of the Phytephas microarpa . The nuts are known in commerce as Corosso nuts. -- Ivory palm (Bot.) , the palm tree which produces ivory nuts. -- Ivory shell (Zo\'94l.) , any species of Eburna , a genus of marine gastropod shells, having a smooth surface, usually white with red or brown spots. -- Vegetable ivory , the meat of the ivory nut. See Ivory nut (above).

Ivory-bill <Xpage=794>

I"vo*ry-bill` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A large, handsome, North American woodpecker ( Campephilus principalis ), having a large, sharp, ivory-colored beak. Its general color is glossy black, with white secondaries, and a white dorsal stripe. The male has a large, scarlet crest. It is now rare, and found only in the Gulf States.

Ivorytype <Xpage=794>

I"vo*ry*type` (?) , n. (photog.) A picture produced by superposing a very light print, rendered translucent by varnish, and tinted upon the back, upon a stronger print, so as to give the effect of a photograph in natural colors; -- called also hellenotype .

Knight.

Ivy <Xpage=794>

I"vy (?) , n. ; pl. Ivies (#) . [AS. \'c6fig ; akin to OHG. ebawi , ebah , G. epheu .] ( Bot .) A plant of the genus Hedera ( H. helix ), common in Europe. Its leaves are evergreen, dark, smooth, shining, and mostly five-pointed; the flowers yellowish and small; the berries black or yellow. The stem clings to walls and trees by rootlike fibers.

Direct The clasping ivy where to climb. Milton.

Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere. Milton.

American ivy . (Bot.) See Virginia creeper . -- English ivy (Bot.) , a popular name in America for the ivy proper ( Hedera helix ). -- German ivy (Bot.) , a creeping plant, with smooth, succulent stems, and fleshy, light-green leaves; a species of Senecio ( S. scandens ). -- Ground ivy . (Bot.) Gill ( Nepeta Glechoma ). -- Ivy bush . (Bot.) See Mountain laurel , under Mountain . -- Ivy owl (Zo\'94l.) , the barn owl. -- Ivy tod (Bot.) , the ivy plant. Tennyson . -- Japanese ivy (Bot.) , a climbing plant ( Ampelopsis tricuspidata ), closely related to the Virginia creeper. -- Poison ivy (Bot.) , an American woody creeper ( Rhus Toxicodendron ), with trifoliate leaves, and greenish-white berries. It is exceedingly poisonous to the touch for most persons. -- To pipe in an ivy leaf , to console one's self as best one can. [Obs.] Chaucer . -- West Indian ivy , a climbing plant of the genus Marcgravia .

Ivy-mantled <Xpage=794>

I"vy-man`tled (?) , a. Covered with ivy.

Iwis <Xpage=794>

I*wis" (?) , adv. Indeed; truly. See Ywis . [Written also iwys , iwisse , etc.] [Obs.]

Ascham.

Ixia <Xpage=794>

Ix"i*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ birdlime. So called because of the viscid nature of some of the species.] (Bot.) A South African bulbous plant of the Iris family, remarkable for the brilliancy of its flowers.

Ixodes <Xpage=794>

Ix*o"des (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ like birdlime; <?/ birdlime + <?/ form.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of parasitic Acarina, which includes various species of ticks. See Tick , the insect.

Ixodian <Xpage=794>

Ix*o"di*an (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A tick of the genus Ixodes , or the family Ixodid\'91 .

Ixtle, Ixtli <Xpage=794>

Ix"tle , Ix"tli , n. (Bot.) A Mexican name for a variety of Agave rigida , which furnishes a strong coarse fiber; also, the fiber itself, which is called also pita , and Tampico fiber . [Written also istle .]

Izard <Xpage=794>

Iz"ard (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the chamois found in the Pyrenees.

-ize <Xpage=794>

-ize (?) . [F. - iser , L. - izare , Gr. <?/.] A verb suffix signifying to make , to do , to practice ; as apolog ize , bapt ize , theor ize , tyrann ize .

&hand; In the case of certain words the spelling with - ise (after analogy with F. -iser ) is the usual form; as, catech ise , critic ise . With regard to most words, however, which have this suffix there is a diversity of usage, some authorities spelling - ise , others (as in this book) - ize .

Izedi <Xpage=794>

Iz"e*di (?) , n. One of an Oriental religious sect which worships Satan or the Devil.

The Izedis or Yezdis, the so-called Devil worshipers, still remain a numerous though oppressed people in Mesopotamia and adjacent countries. Tylor.

Izedism <Xpage=794>

Iz"e*dism (?) , n. The religion of the Izedis.

Izzard <Xpage=794>

Iz"zard (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Izard .

Izzard <Xpage=794>

Iz"zard (?) , n. [Formerly ezed , prob. fr. F. et z\'90de and z.] The letter z ; -- formerly so called.

J.

J <Xpage=794>

J (?) . J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English y in yet . The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.

In medical prescriptions j is still used in place of i at the end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, v j , xi j .

J is etymologically most closely related to i , y , g ; as in j ot, i ota; j est, g esture; j oin, j ugular, y oke. See I .

J is a compound vocal consonant, nearly equivalent in sound to dzh . It is exactly the same as g in gem . See Guide to Pronunciation , &sect;&sect; 179, 211, 239.

Jaal goat <Xpage=794>

Jaal" goat` (?) . (Zo\'94l.) A species of wild goat ( Capra Nubiana ) found in the mountains of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; -- called also beden , and jaela .

Jab <Xpage=794>

Jab (?) , v. t. [Cf. Job .] To thrust; to stab; to punch. See Job , v. t. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

Jab <Xpage=794>

Jab , n. A thrust or stab. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

Jabber <Xpage=794>

Jab"ber (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Jabbered (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Jabbering .] [Cf. Gibber , Gabble .] To talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly; to utter gibberish or nonsense; to chatter.

Swift.

Jabber <Xpage=794>

Jab"ber , v. t. To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble; as, to jabber French .

Addison.

Jabber <Xpage=794>

Jab"ber , n. Rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance; gibberish.

Swift.

Jabber <Xpage=794>

Jab"ber (?) , n. One who jabbers.

Jabberingly <Xpage=794>

Jab"ber*ing*ly , adv. In a jabbering manner.

Jabberment <Xpage=794>

Jab"ber*ment (?) , n. Jabber. [R.]

Milton.

Jabbernowl <Xpage=794>

Jab"ber*nowl` (?) , n. Same as Jobbernowl .

Jabiru <Xpage=794>

Jab"i*ru (?) , n. [Braz. jabir\'a3 , jabur\'a3 .] (Zo\'94l.) One of several large wading birds of the genera Mycteria and Xenorhynchus , allied to the storks in form and habits.

&hand; The American jabiru ( Mycteria Americana ) is white, with the head and neck black and nearly bare of feathers. The East Indian and Australian ( Xenorhynchus Australis ) has the neck, head, and back covered with glossy, dark green feathers, changing on the head to purple. The African jabiru ( Mycteria, &or; Ephippiorhynchus, Senegalensis ) has the neck, head, wing coverts, and tail, black, and is called also saddle-billed stork .

Jaborandi <Xpage=794>

Jab`o*ran"di (?) , n. (Bot.) The native name of a South American rutaceous shrub ( Pilocarpus pennatifolius ). The leaves are used in medicine as an diaphoretic and sialogogue.

Jaborine <Xpage=794>

Jab"o*rine (?) , n. [From Jaborandi .] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves, from which it is extracted as a white amorphous substance. In its action it resembles atropine.

Jabot <Xpage=794>

Jab"ot (?) , n. [F.]

1. Originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of the shirt.

2. An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by women on the front of the dress.

Jacamar <Xpage=794>

Jac"a*mar` (?) , n. [F. jacamar , Braz. jacamarica ; cf. Sp. jacamar .] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of tropical American birds of the genus Galbula and allied genera. They are allied to the kingfishers, but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and feed upon insects. Their colors are often brilliant.

Jacana <Xpage=794>

Jac"a*na` (?) , n. [Cf. Sp. jacania .] (Zo\'94l.) Any of several wading birds belonging to the genus Jacana and several allied genera, all of which have spurs on the wings. They are able to run about over floating water weeds by means of their very long, spreading toes. Called also surgeon bird .

&hand; The most common South American species is Jacana spinosa . The East Indian or pheasant jacana ( Hydrophasianus chirurgus ) is remarkable for having four very long, curved, middle tail feathers.

Jacaranda <Xpage=794>

Jac`a*ran"da (?) , n. [Braz.; cf. Sp. & Pg. jacaranda .] (Bot.) (a) The native Brazilian name for certain leguminous trees, which produce the beautiful woods called king wood , tiger wood , and violet wood . (b) A genus of bignoniaceous Brazilian trees with showy trumpet-shaped flowers.

Jacare <Xpage=794>

Jac"a*re` (?) , n. [Pg. jacar\'82 ; of Brazilian origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A cayman. See Yacare .

Jacchus <Xpage=794>

Jac"chus (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. Jacchus a mystic name of Bacchus, Gr. <?/.] (Zo\'94l.) The common marmoset ( Hapale vulgaris ). Formerly, the name was also applied to other species of the same genus.

Jacconet <Xpage=794>

Jac"co*net (?) , n. See Jaconet .

Jacent <Xpage=794>

Ja"cent (?) , a. [L. jacens , p. pr. of jacere to lie: cf. F. jacent .] Lying at length; as, the jacent posture . [R.]

Sir H. Wotton.

Jacinth <Xpage=794>

Ja"cinth (?) , n. [F. jacinthe , L. hyacinthus . See Hyacinth .] See Hyacinth .

Tennyson.

Jack <Xpage=794>

Jack (?) , n. [Pg. jaca , Malayalam, tsjaka .] (Bot.) A large tree, the Artocarpus integrifolia , common in the East Indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it differs in having its leaves entire. The fruit is of great size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and through its soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are roasted and eaten. The wood is of a yellow color, fine grain, and rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. It is also used for dyeing a brilliant yellow. [Written also jak .]

Jack <Xpage=794>

Jack (?) , n. [F. Jacques James, L. Jacobus , Gr. <?/, Heb. Ya 'aq<?/b Jacob; prop., seizing by the heel; hence, a supplanter. Cf. Jacobite , Jockey .]

1. A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John .

You are John Rugby, and you are Jack Rugby. Shak.

2. An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown; also, a servant; a rustic. " Jack fool."

Chaucer.

Since every Jack became a gentleman, There 's many a gentle person made a Jack . Shak.

3. A popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also Jack tar , and Jack afloat .

4. A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called Jack ; as: (a) A device to pull off boots . (b) A sawhorse or sawbuck . (c) A machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke jack , or kitchen jack . (b) (Mining) A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting . (e) (Knitting Machine) A lever for depressing the sinkers which push the loops down on the needles . (f) (Warping Machine) A grating to separate and guide the threads; a heck box . (g) (Spinning) A machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves the carding machine . (h) A compact, portable machine for planing metal . (i) A machine for slicking or pebbling leather . (k) A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for multiplying speed . (l) A hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent pipe, to prevent a back draught . (m) In the harpsichord, an intermediate piece communicating the action of the key to the quill; -- called also hopper . (n) In hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the torch used to attract game at night; also, the light itself. C. Hallock.

5. A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body through a small distance. It consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc. The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack.

6. The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls.

Shak.