Chapter 819

Whenever any from of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government. Jefferson (Decl. of Indep. ).

3. To nominate; to appoint. [Obs.]

We institute your Grace To be our regent in these parts of France. Shak.

4. To begin; to commence; to set on foot; as, to institute an inquiry; to institute a suit.

And haply institute A course of learning and ingenious studies. Shak.

5. To ground or establish in principles and rudiments; to educate; to instruct. [Obs.]

If children were early instituted , knowledge would insensibly insinuate itself. Dr. H. More.

6. (Eccl. Law) To invest with the spiritual charge of a benefice, or the care of souls.

Blackstone.

Syn. -- To originate; begin; commence; establish; found; erect; organize; appoint; ordain.

Institute <Xpage=772>

In"sti*tute , n. [L. institutum : cf. F. institut . See Institute , v. t. & a. ]

1. The act of instituting; institution. [Obs.] "Water sanctified by Christ's institute ."

Milton.

2. That which is instituted, established, or fixed, as a law, habit, or custom.

Glover.

3. Hence: An elementary and necessary principle; a precept, maxim, or rule, recognized as established and authoritative; usually in the plural, a collection of such principles and precepts; esp., a comprehensive summary of legal principles and decisions; as, the Institutes of Justinian; Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England . Cf. Digest , n.

They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy. Burke.

To make the Stoics' institutes thy own. Dryden.

4. An institution; a society established for the promotion of learning, art, science, etc.; a college; as, the Institute of Technology ; also, a building owned or occupied by such an institute; as, the Cooper Institute .

5. (Scots Law) The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation.

Tomlins.

Institutes of medicine , theoretical medicine; that department of medical science which attempts to account philosophically for the various phenomena of health as well as of disease; physiology applied to the practice of medicine.

Dunglison.

Instituter <Xpage=772>

In"sti*tu`ter (?) , n. An institutor. [R.]

Institution <Xpage=772>

In`sti*tu"tion (?) , n. [L. institutio : cf. F. institution .]

1. The act or process of instituting; as: (a) Establishment; foundation; enactment; as, the institution of a school .

The institution of God's law is described as being established by solemn injunction. Hooker.

(b) Instruction; education . [Obs.] Bentley . (c) (Eccl. Law) The act or ceremony of investing a clergyman with the spiritual part of a benefice, by which the care of souls is committed to his charge .

Blackstone.

2. That which instituted or established ; as: (a) Established order, method, or custom; enactment; ordinance; permanent form of law or polity.

The nature of our people, Our city's institutions . Shak.

(b) An established or organized society or corporation; an establishment, especially of a public character, or affecting a community; a foundation; as, a literary institution ; a charitable institution ; also, a building or the buildings occupied or used by such organization; as, the Smithsonian Institution . (c) Anything forming a characteristic and persistent feature in social or national life or habits .

We ordered a lunch (the most delightful of English institutions , next to dinner) to be ready against our return. Hawthorne.

3. That which institutes or instructs; a textbook; a system of elements or rules; an institute. [Obs.]

There is another manuscript, of above three hundred years old, . . . being an institution of physic. Evelyn.

Institutional <Xpage=772>

In`sti*tu"tion*al (?) , a. 1. Pertaining to, or treating of, institutions; as, institutional legends .

Institutional writers as Rousseau. J. S. Mill.

2. Instituted by authority.

3. Elementary; rudimental.

Institutionary <Xpage=772>

In`sti*tu"tion*a*ry (?) , a. 1. Relating to an institution, or institutions.

2. Containing the first principles or doctrines; elemental; rudimentary.

Institutist <Xpage=772>

In"sti*tu`tist (?) , n. A writer or compiler of, or a commentator on, institutes. [R.]

Harvey.

Institutive <Xpage=772>

In"sti*tu`tive (?) , a. 1. Tending or intended to institute; having the power to establish.

Barrow.

2. Established; depending on, or characterized by, institution or order. " Institutive decency."

Milton.

Institutively <Xpage=772>

In"sti*tu`tive*ly adv. In conformity with an institution.

Harrington.

Institutor <Xpage=772>

In"sti*tu`tor (?) , n. [L.: cf. F. instituteur .]

1. One who institutes, founds, ordains, or establishes.

2. One who educates; an instructor. [Obs.]

Walker.

3. (Episcopal Church) A presbyter appointed by the bishop to institute a rector or assistant minister over a parish church.

Instop <Xpage=772>

In*stop" (?) , v. t. To stop; to close; to make fast; as, to instop the seams . [Obs.]

Dryden.

Instore <Xpage=772>

In*store" (?) , v. t. [See Instaurate , Store .] To store up; to inclose; to contain. [Obs.]

Wyclif.

Instratified <Xpage=772>

In*strat"i*fied (?) , a. Interstratified.

Instruct <Xpage=772>

In*struct" (?) , a. [L. instructus , p. p. of instruere to furnish, provide, construct, instruct; pref. in- in, <?/<?/ + struere . See Structure .]

1. Arranged; furnished; provided. [Obs.] "He had neither ship instruct with oars, nor men."

Chapman.

2. Instructed; taught; enlightened. [Obs.]

Milton.

Instruct <Xpage=772>

In*struct" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Instructed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Instructing .]

1. To put in order; to form; to prepare. [Obs.]

They speak to the merits of a cause, after the proctor has prepared and instructed the same for a hearing. Ayliffe.

2. To form by communication of knowledge; to inform the mind of; to impart knowledge or information to; to enlighten; to teach; to discipline.

Schoolmasters will I keep within my house, Fit to instruct her youth. Shak.

3. To furnish with directions; to advise; to direct; to command; as, the judge instructs the jury .

She, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger. Matt. xiv. 8.

Take her in; instruct her what she has to do. Shak.

Syn. -- To teach; educate; inform; train; discipline; indoctrinate; direct; enjoin.

Instructer <Xpage=772>

In*struct"er (?) , n. See Instructor .

Instructible <Xpage=772>

In*struct"i*ble (?) , a. Capable of being instructed; teachable; docible.

Bacon.

Instruction <Xpage=772>

In*struc"tion (?) , n. [L. instructio : cf. F. instruction .]

1. The act of instructing, teaching, or furnishing with knowledge; information.

2. That which instructs, or with which one is instructed; the intelligence or information imparted; as: (a) Precept; information; teachings. (b) Direction; order; command. "If my instructions may be your guide."

Shak.

Syn. -- Education; teaching; indoctrination; information; advice; counsel. See Education .

Instructional <Xpage=772>

In*struc"tion*al (?) , a. Pertaining to, or promoting, instruction; educational.

Instructive <Xpage=772>

In*struct"ive (?) , a. [Cf. F. instructif .] Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform; as, experience furnishes very instructive lessons .

Addison.

In various talk the instructive hours they past. Pope.

-- In*struct"ive*ly , adv. -- In*struct"ive*ness , n.

The pregnant instructiveness of the Scripture. Boyle.

Instructor <Xpage=772>

In*struct"or (?) , n. [L., a preparer: cf. F. instructeur .] [Written also instructer .] One who instructs; one who imparts knowledge to another; a teacher.

Instructress <Xpage=772>

In*struct"ress (?) , n. A woman who instructs; a preceptress; a governess.

Johnson.

Instrument <Xpage=772>

In"stru*ment (?) , n. [F. instrument , L. instrumentum . See Instruct .]

1. That by means of which any work is performed, or result is effected; a tool; a utensil; an implement; as, the instruments of a mechanic; astronomical instruments .

All the lofty instruments of war. Shak.

2. A contrivance or implement, by which musical sounds are produced; as, a musical instrument .

Praise him with stringed instruments and organs. Ps. cl. 4.

But signs when songs and instruments he hears. Dryden.

3. (Law) A writing, as the means of giving formal expression to some act; a writing expressive of some act, contract, process, as a deed, contract, writ, etc.

Burrill.

4. One who, or that which, is made a means, or is caused to serve a purpose; a medium, means, or agent.

Or useful serving man and instrument , To any sovereign state. Shak.

The bold are but the instruments of the wise. Dryden.

Syn. -- Tool; implement; utensil; machine; apparatus; channel; agent.

Instrument <Xpage=772>

In"stru*ment (?) , v. t. To perform upon an instrument; to prepare for an instrument; as, a sonata instrumented for orchestra .

Instrumental <Xpage=772>

In`stru*men"tal (?) , a. [Cf. F. instrumental .]

1. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; contributing to promote; conductive; helpful; serviceable; as, he was instrumental in conducting the business .

The head is not more native to the heart, The hand more instrumental to the mouth. Shak.

2. (Mus.) Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for, an instrument, esp. a musical instrument; as, instrumental music, distinguished from vocal music . "He defended the use of instrumental music in public worship."

Macaulay.

Sweet voices mix'd with instrumental sounds. Dryden.

3. (Gram.) Applied to a case expressing means or agency; as, the instrumental case . This is found in Sanskrit as a separate case, but in Greek it was merged into the dative, and in Latin into the ablative. In Old English it was a separate case, but has disappeared, leaving only a few anomalous forms.

Instrumental errors , those errors in instrumental measurements, etc., which arise, exclusively from want of mathematical accuracy in an instrument.

Instrumentalist <Xpage=772>

In`stru*men"tal*ist , n. One who plays upon an instrument of music, as distinguished from a vocalist .

Instrumentality <Xpage=772>

In`stru*men*tal"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Instrumentalities (<?/) . The quality or condition of being instrumental; that which is instrumental; anything used as a means; medium; agency.

The instrumentality of faith in justification. Bp. Burnet.

The discovery of gunpowder developed the science of attack and defense in a new instrumentality . J. H. Newman.

Instrumentally <Xpage=772>

In`stru*men"tal*ly (?) , adv. 1. By means of an instrument or agency; as means to an end.

South.

They will argue that the end being essentially beneficial, the means become instrumentally so. Burke.

2. With instruments of music; as, a song instrumentally accompanied .

Mason.

Instrumentalness <Xpage=772>

In`stru*men"tal*ness , n. Usefulness or agency, as means to an end; instrumentality. [R.]

Hammond.

Instrumentary <Xpage=772>

In`stru*men"ta*ry (?) , a. Instrumental. [R.]

Instrumentation <Xpage=772>

In`stru*men*ta"tion (?) , n. 1. The act of using or adapting as an instrument; a series or combination of instruments; means; agency.

Otherwise we have no sufficient instrumentation for our human use or handling of so great a fact. H. Bushnell.

<-- (b). The act of using instruments to measure or control the behavior of an object, as a patient in a hospital or a machine being tested while under development. -->

2. (Mus.) (a) The arrangement of a musical composition for performance by a number of different instruments; orchestration; instrumental composition; composition for an orchestra or military band. (b) The act or manner of playing upon musical instruments; performance; as, his instrumentation is perfect .

<-- Instrumented, a. having instruments attached for the purpose of measuring conditions while under observation; said of a person under medical observation or a machine whose performance is being tested. -->

Instrumentist <Xpage=772>

In"stru*men`tist (?) , n. A performer on a musical instrument; an instrumentalist.

Instyle <Xpage=772>

In*style" (?) , v. t. To style. [Obs.]

Crashaw.

Insuavity <Xpage=772>

In*suav"i*ty (?) , n. [L. insuavitas : cf. F. insuavit\'82 . See In- not, and Suavity .] Want of suavity; unpleasantness. [Obs.]

Burton.

Insubjection <Xpage=772>

In`sub*jec"tion (?) , n. Want of subjection or obedience; a state of disobedience, as to government.

Insubmergible <Xpage=772>

In`sub*mer"gi*ble (?) , a. Not capable of being submerged; buoyant. [R.]

Insubmission <Xpage=772>

In`sub*mis"sion (?) , n. Want of submission; disobedience; noncompliance.

Insubordinate <Xpage=772>

In`sub*or"di*nate (?) , a. Not submitting to authority; disobedient; rebellious; mutinous

Insubordination <Xpage=772>

In`sub*or`di*na"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. insubordination .] The quality of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful authority.

Insubstantial <Xpage=772>

In`sub*stan"tial (?) , a. Unsubstantial; not real or strong. " Insubstantial pageant." [R.]

Shak.

Insubstantiality <Xpage=772>

In`sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty (?) , n. Unsubstantiality; unreality. [R.]

Insuccation <Xpage=772>

In`suc*ca"tion (?) , n. [L. insucare , insucatum , to soak in; pref. in- + succus , sucus , sap.] The act of soaking or moistening; maceration; solution in the juice of herbs. [Obs.]

Coxe.

The medicating and insuccation of seeds. Evelyn.

Insuccess <Xpage=772>

In`suc*cess" (?) , n. Want of success. [R.]

Feltham.

Insue <Xpage=772>

In*sue" (?) , v. i. See Ensue , v. i.

Insuetude <Xpage=772>

In"sue*tude (?) , n. [L. insuetudo , from insuetus unaccustomed; pref. in- not + suetus , p. p. of suescere to be accustomed.] The state or quality of being unaccustomed; absence of use or habit.

Absurdities are great or small in proportion to custom or insuetude . Landor.

Insufferable <Xpage=772>

In*suf"fer*a*ble (?) , a. 1. Incapable of being suffered, borne, or endured; insupportable; unendurable; intolerable; as, insufferable heat, cold, or pain; insufferable wrongs.

Locke.

2. Offensive beyond endurance; detestable.

A multitude of scribblers who daily pester the world with their insufferable stuff. Dryden.

Insufferably <Xpage=772>

In*suf"fer*a*bly , adv. In a manner or to a degree beyond endurance; intolerably; as, a blaze insufferably bright; a person insufferably proud.

Insufficience <Xpage=772>

In`suf*fi"cience (?) , n. Insufficiency.

Shak.

Insufficiency <Xpage=772>

In`suf*fi"cien*cy (?) , n. [L. insufficientia : cf. F. insuffisance , whence OE. insuffisance . See Insufficient .]

1. The quality or state of being insufficient; want of sufficiency; deficiency; inadequateness; as, the insufficiency of provisions, of an excuse, etc.

The insufficiency of the light of nature is, by the light of Scripture, . . . fully supplied. Hooker.

2. Want of power or skill; inability; incapacity; incompetency; as, the insufficiency of a man for an office .

Insufficient <Xpage=772>

In`suf*fi"cient (?) , a. [L. insufficiens , -entis . See In- not, and Sufficient .]

1. Not sufficient; not enough; inadequate to any need, use, or purpose; as, the provisions are insufficient in quantity, and defective in quality . " Insufficient for His praise."

Cowper.

2. Wanting in strength, power, ability, capacity, or skill; incompetent; incapable; unfit; as, a person insufficient to discharge the duties of an office .

Syn. -- Inadequate; scanty; incommensurate; unequal; unfit; incompetent; incapable; inefficient.

Insufficiently <Xpage=772>

In`suf*fi"cient*ly , adv. In an insufficient manner or degree; unadequately.

Insufflation <Xpage=772>

In`suf*fla"tion (?) , n. [L. insuffatio : cf. F. insuffation . See In- in, and Sufflation .] The act of breathing on or into anything ; especially: (a) (R. C. Ch.) The breathing upon a person in the sacrament of baptism to symbolize the inspiration of a new spiritual life . (b) (Med.) The act of blowing (a gas, powder, or vapor) into any cavity of the body.

Insuitable <Xpage=772>

In*suit"a*ble (?) , a. Unsuitable. [Obs.] -- In*suit`a*bil"i*ty (#) , n. [Obs.]

Insular <Xpage=772>

In"su*lar (?) , a. [L. insularis , fr. insula island: cf. F. insulaire . See Isle .]

1. Of or pertaining to an island; of the nature, or possessing the characteristics, of an island; as, an insular climate, fauna, etc.

2. Of or pertaining to the people of an island; narrow; circumscribed; illiberal; contracted; as, insular habits, opinions, or prejudices .

The penury of insular conversation. Johnson.

Insular <Xpage=772>

In"su*lar , n. An islander. [R.]

Berkeley.

Insularity <Xpage=772>

In`su*lar"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. insularit\'82 .]

1. The state or quality of being an island or consisting of islands; insulation.