Chapter 811

In*i"tial (?) , a. [L. initialis , from initium a going in, entrance, beginning, fr. inire to go into, to enter, begin; pref. in- in + ire to go: cf. F. initial . See Issue , and cf. Commence .]

1. Of or pertaining to the beginning; marking the commencement; incipient; commencing; as, the initial symptoms of a disease .

2. Placed at the beginning; standing at the head, as of a list or series; as, the initial letters of a name .

Initial <Xpage=764>

In*i"tial , n. The first letter of a word or a name.

Initial <Xpage=764>

In*i"tial , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Initialed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Initialing .] To put an initial to; to mark with an initial of initials. [R.]

Initially <Xpage=764>

In*i"tial*ly , adv. In an initial or incipient manner or degree; at the beginning.

Barrow.

Initiate <Xpage=764>

In*i"ti*ate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Initiated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Initiating (?) .] [L. initiatus , p. p. of initiare to begin, fr. initium beginning. See Initial .]

1. To introduce by a first act; to make a beginning with; to set afoot; to originate; to commence; to begin or enter upon.

How are changes of this sort to be initiated ? I. Taylor.

2. To acquaint with the beginnings; to instruct in the rudiments or principles; to introduce.

Providence would only initiate mankind into the useful knowledge of her treasures, leaving the rest to employ our industry. Dr. H. More.

To initiate his pupil into any part of learning, an ordinary skill in the governor is enough. Locke.

3. To introduce into a society or organization; to confer membership on; especially, to admit to a secret order with mysterious rites or ceremonies.

The Athenians believed that he who was initiated and instructed in the mysteries would obtain celestial honor after death. Bp. Warburton.

He was initiated into half a dozen clubs before he was one and twenty. Spectator.

Initiate <Xpage=764>

In*i"ti*ate , v. i. To do the first act; to perform the first rite; to take the initiative. [R.]

Pope.

Initiate <Xpage=764>

In*i"ti*ate (?) , a. [L. initiatus , p. p.]

1. Unpracticed; untried; new. [Obs.] "The initiate fear that wants hard use."

Shak.

2. Begun; commenced; introduced to, or instructed in, the rudiments; newly admitted.

To rise in science as in bliss, Initiate in the secrets of the skies. Young.

Initiate tenant by courtesy (Law) , said of a husband who becomes such in his wife's estate of inheritance by the birth of a child, but whose estate is not consummated till the death of the wife.

Mozley & W.

Initiate <Xpage=764>

In*i"ti*ate , n. One who is, or is to be, initiated.

Initiation <Xpage=764>

In*i`ti*a"tion (?) , n. [L. initiatio : cf. F. initiation .]

1. The act of initiating, or the process of being initiated or introduced; as, initiation into a society, into business, literature, etc. "The initiation of coursers of events."

Pope.

2. The form or ceremony by which a person is introduced into any society; mode of entrance into an organized body; especially, the rite of admission into a secret society or order.

Silence is the first thing that is taught us at our initiation into sacred mysteries. Broome.

Initiative <Xpage=764>

In*i"ti*a*tive (?) , a. [Cf. F. initiatif .] Serving to initiate; inceptive; initiatory; introductory; preliminary.

Initiative <Xpage=764>

In*i"ti*a*tive , n. [Cf. F. initiative .]

1. An introductory step or movement; an act which originates or begins.

The undeveloped initiatives of good things to come. I. Taylor.

2. The right or power to introduce a new measure or course of action, as in legislation; as, the initiative in respect to revenue bills is in the House of Representatives .

Initiator <Xpage=764>

In*i"ti*a`tor (?) , n. [L.] One who initiates.

Initiatory <Xpage=764>

In*i"ti*a*to*ry (?) , a. 1. Suitable for an introduction or beginning; introductory; prefatory; as, an initiatory step .

Bp. Hall.

2. Tending or serving to initiate; introducing by instruction, or by the use and application of symbols or ceremonies; elementary; rudimentary.

Some initiatory treatises in the law. Herbert.

Two initiatory rites of the same general import can not exist together. J. M. Mason.

Initiatory <Xpage=764>

In*i"ti*a*to*ry , n. An introductory act or rite. [R.]

Inition <Xpage=764>

In*i"tion (?) , n. [Cf. OF. inition . See Initial .] Initiation; beginning. [Obs.]

Sir R. Naunton.

Inject <Xpage=764>

In*ject" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Injected ; p. pr. & vb. n. Injecting .] [L. injectus , p. p. of inicere , injicere , to throw in; pref. in- in + jacere to throw: cf. F. injecter . See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. To throw in; to dart in; to force in; as, to inject cold water into a condenser; to inject a medicinal liquid into a cavity of the body; to inject morphine with a hypodermic syringe.

2. Fig.: To throw; to offer; to propose; to instill.

C\'91sar also, then hatching tyranny, injected the same scrupulous demurs. Milton.

3. To cast or throw; -- with on . [R.]

And mound inject on mound. Pope.

<page="765"> Page 765

4. (Anat.) To fill (a vessel, cavity, or tissue) with a fluid or other substance; as, to inject the blood vessels .

Injection <Xpage=765>

In*jec"tion (?) , n. [L. injectio : cf.F. injection .] 1. The act of injecting or throwing in; -- applied particularly to the forcible throwing in of a liquid, or a\'89riform body, by means of a syringe, pump, etc.

2. That which is injected; especially, a liquid medicine thrown into a cavity of the body by a syringe or pipe; a clyster; an enema.

Mayne.

3. (Anat.) (a) The act or process of filling vessels, cavities, or tissues with a fluid or other substance. (b) A specimen prepared by injection.

4. (Steam Eng.) (a) The act of throwing cold water into a condenser to produce a vacuum. (b) The cold water thrown into a condenser.

Injection cock , &or; Injection valve (Steam Eng.) , the cock or valve through which cold water is admitted into a condenser. -- Injection condenser . See under Condenser . -- Injection pipe , the pipe through which cold water is through into the condenser of a steam engine.

Injector <Xpage=765>

In*ject"or (?) , n. 1. One who, or that which, injects.

2. (Mach.) A contrivance for forcing feed water into a steam boiler by the direct action of the steam upon the water. The water is driven into the boiler by the impulse of a jet of the steam which becomes condensed as soon as it strikes the stream of cold water it impels; -- also called Giffard's injector , from the inventor.

<-- fuel injector -- a device for actively injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine -->

Injelly <Xpage=765>

In*jel"ly (?) , v. t. To place in jelly. [R.]

Injoin <Xpage=765>

In*join" (?) , v. t. [ Obs .] See Enjoin .

Injoint <Xpage=765>

In*joint (?) , v. t. [Pref. in- in + joint .] To join; to unite. [R.]

Shak.

Injoint <Xpage=765>

In*joint , v. t. [Pref. in- in + joint .] To disjoint; to separate. [Obs.]

Holland.

Injucundity <Xpage=765>

In`ju*cun"di*ty (?) , n. [L. injucunditas . See In- not, and Jocund .] Unpleassantness; disagreeableness. [Obs.]

Cockeram.

Injudicable <Xpage=765>

In*ju"di*ca*ble (?) , a. Not cognizable by a judge. [Obs.]

Bailey.

Injudicial <Xpage=765>

In`ju*di"cial (?) , a. Not according to the forms of law; not judicial. [R.]

Injudicious <Xpage=765>

In`ju*di"cious (?) , a. [Pref. in- not + judicious ; cf. F. injudicieux .] 1. Not judicious; wanting in sound judgment; undiscerning; indiscreet; unwise; as, an injudicious adviser .

An injudicious biographer who undertook to be his editor and the protector of his memory. A. Murphy.

2. Not according to sound judgment or discretion; unwise; as, an injudicious measure .

Syn. -- Indiscreet; inconsiderate; undiscerning; incautious; unwise; rash; hasty; imprudent.

Injudiciously <Xpage=765>

In`ju*di"cious*ly , adv. In an injudicious manner.

Injudiciousness <Xpage=765>

In`ju*di"cious*ness , n. The quality of being injudicious; want of sound judgment; indiscretion.

Whitlock.

Injunction <Xpage=765>

In*junc"tion (?) , n. [L. injunctio , fr. injungere , injunctum , to join into, to enjoin. See Enjoin .] 1. The act of enjoining; the act of directing, commanding, or prohibiting.

2. That which is enjoined; an order; a mandate; a decree; a command; a precept; a direction.

For still they knew,and ought to have still remembered, The high injunction ,not to taste that fruit. Milton.

Necessary as the injunctions of lawful authority. South.

3. (Law) A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, insome cases, under statutes, by a court of law,whereby a party is required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ.

&hand; It is more generally used as a preventive than as a restorative process, although by no means confined to the former.

Wharton. Daniell. Story.

Injure <Xpage=765>

In"jure (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Injured (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Injuring .] [L. injuriari , fr. injuria injury, perh. through F. injurier to insult, in OF. also, to injure; or perhaps fr. E. injury , or F. injure injury. See Injury .] To do harm to; to impair the excellence and value of; to hurt; to damage; -- used in a variety of senses; as: (a) To hurt or wound, as the person; to impair soundness, as of health. (b) To damage or lessen the value of, as goods or estate. (c) To slander, tarnish, or impair, as reputation or character. (d) To impair or diminish, as happiness or virtue. (e) To give pain to, as the sensibilities or the feelings; to grieve; to annoy. (f) To impair, as the intellect or mind.

When have I injured thee? when done thee wrong? Shak.

Syn. -- To damage; mar; spoil; harm; sully; wrong; maltreat; abuse; insult; affront; dishonor.

Injurer <Xpage=765>

In"jur*er (?) , n. One who injures or wrongs.

Injuria <Xpage=765>

In*ju"ri*a (?) , n. ; pl. Injurie (#) . [L.] (Law) Injury; invasion of another's rights.

Injurious <Xpage=765>

In*ju"ri*ous (?) , a. [L. injuriousus , injurius; cf. F. injurieux . See Injury .] 1. Not just; wrongful; iniquitous; culpable. [Obs.]

Milton.

Till the injurious Roman did extort This tribute from us, we were free. Shak.

2. Causing injury or harm; hurtful; harmful; detrimental; mischievous; as, acts injurious to health, credit, reputation, property, etc.

Without being injurious to the memory of our English Pindar. Dryden.

Syn. -- Harmful; hurtful; pernicious; mischievous; baneful; deleterious; noxious; ruinous; detrimental.

Injuriously <Xpage=765>

In*ju"ri*ous*ly , adv. In an injurious or hurtful manner; wrongfully; hurtfully; mischievously.

Injuriousness <Xpage=765>

In*ju"ri*ous*ness , n. The quality of being injurious or hurtful; harmfulness; injury.

Injury <Xpage=765>

In"ju*ry (?) , n. ; pl. Injuries (#) . [OE. injurie , L. injuria , fr. injurius injurious, wrongful, unjust; pref. in- not + jus , juris , right,law,justice: cf. F. injure . See Just , a. ] Any damage or violation of, the person, character, feelings, rights, property, or interests of an individual; that which injures, or occasions wrong, loss, damage, or detriment; harm; hurt; loss; mischief; wrong; evil; as, his health was impaired by a severe injury ; slander is an injury to the character.

For he that doeth injury shall receve that he did evil. Wyclif(Col. iii. 25).

Many times we do injury to a cause by dwelling on trifling arguments. I. Watts.

Riot ascends above their loftiest towers, And injury and outrage. Milton.

&hand; Injury in morals and jurisprudence is the intentional doing of wrong.

Fleming.

Syn. -- Harm; hurt; damage; loss; impairment; detriment; wrong; evil; injustice.

Injustice <Xpage=765>

In*jus"tice (?) , n. [F. injustice , L. injustitia . See In- not, and Justice , and cf. Unjust .] 1. Want of justice and equity; violation of the rights of another or others; iniquity; wrong; unfairness; imposition.

If this people [the Athenians] resembled Nero in their extravagance, much more did they resemble and even exceed him in cruelty and injustice . Burke.

2. An unjust act or deed; a sin; a crime; a wrong.

Cunning men can be guilty of a thousand injustices without being discovered, or at least without being punished. Swift.

Ink <Xpage=765>

Ink (?) , n. (Mach.) The step, or socket, in which the lower end of a millstone spindle runs.

Ink <Xpage=765>

Ink , n. [OE. enke , inke , OF. enque , F. encre , L. encaustum the purple red ink with which the Roman emperors signed their edicts, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ burnt in, encaustic, fr. <?/ to burn in. See Encaustic , Caustic .] 1. A fluid, or a viscous material or preparation of various kinds (commonly black or colored), used in writing or printing.

Make there a prick with ink . Chaucer.

Deformed monsters, foul and black as ink . Spenser.

2. A pigment. See India ink , under India .

&hand; Ordinarily, black ink is made from nutgalls and a solution of some salt of iron, and consists essentially of a tannate or gallate of iron; sometimes indigo sulphate, or other coloring matter,is added. Other black inks contain potassium chromate, and extract of logwood, salts of vanadium, etc. Blue ink is usually a solution of Prussian blue. Red ink was formerly made from carmine (cochineal), Brazil wood, etc., but potassium eosin is now used. Also red, blue, violet, and yellow inks are largely made from aniline dyes. Indelible ink is usually a weak solution of silver nitrate, but carbon in the form of lampblack or India ink, salts of molybdenum, vanadium, etc., are also used. Sympathetic inks may be made of milk, salts of cobalt, etc. See Sympathetic ink (below).

Copying ink , a peculiar ink used for writings of which copies by impression are to be taken. -- Ink bag (Zo\'94l.) , an ink sac. -- Ink berry . (Bot.) (a) A shrub of the Holly family ( Ilex glabra ), found in sandy grounds along the coast from New England to Florida, and producing a small black berry. (b) The West Indian indigo berry. See Indigo . -- Ink plant (Bot.) , a New Zealand shrub ( Coriaria thumifolia ), the berries of which uield a juice which forms an ink. -- Ink powder , a powder from which ink is made by solution. -- Ink sac (Zo\'94l.) , an organ, found in most cephalopods, containing an inky fluid which can be ejected from a duct opening at the base of the siphon. The fluid serves to cloud the water, and enable these animals to escape from their enemies. See Illust . of Dibranchiata . -- Printer's ink , &or; Printing ink . See under Printing . -- Sympathetic ink , a writing fluid of such a nature that what is written remains invisible till the action of a reagent on the characters makes it visible.

Ink <Xpage=765>

Ink , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Inked (?nkt) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Inking .] To put ink upon; to supply with ink; to blacken, color, or daub with ink.

Inker <Xpage=765>

Ink"er (?) , n. One who, or that which, inks; especially, in printing, the pad or roller which inks the type.

Inkfish <Xpage=765>

Ink"fish` (?) , n. A cuttlefish. See Cuttlefish .

Inkhorn <Xpage=765>

Ink"horn` (?) , n. [ Ink + horn ; cf. F. cornet \'85 encre , G. dintenhorn .] A small bottle of horn or other material formerly used for holding ink; an inkstand; a portable case for writing materials. "With a writer's inkhorn by his side."

Ezek. ix. 2.

From his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhorn . Longfellow.

Inkhorn <Xpage=765>

Ink"horn" , a. Learned; pedantic; affected. [Obs.] " Inkhorn terms."

Bale.

Inkhornism <Xpage=765>

Ink"horn`ism (?) , n. Pedantry.

Sir T. Wilson.

Inkiness <Xpage=765>

Ink"i*ness (?) , n. [From Inky .] The state or quality of being inky; blackness.

Inking <Xpage=765>

Ink"ing , a. Supplying or covering with ink.

Inking roller , a somewhat elastic roller,used to spread ink over forms of type, copperplates, etc. -- Inking trough &or; table , a trough or table from which the inking roller receives its ink.

Inkle <Xpage=765>

In"kle (?) , n. [Prob.the same word as lingle , the first l being mistaken for the definite article in French. See Lingle .] A kind of tape or braid.

Shak.

Inkle <Xpage=765>

In"kle , v. t. [OE. inklen to hint; cf. Dan. ymte to whisper.] To guess. [Prov. Eng.] "She inkled what it was."

R. D. Blackmore.

Inkling <Xpage=765>

In"kling (?) , n. A hint; an intimation.

The least inkling or glimpse of this island. Bacon.

They had some inkling of secret messages. Clarendon.

Inknee <Xpage=765>

In"knee` (?) , n. Same as Knock-knee .

Inkneed <Xpage=765>

In"kneed` (?) , a. See Knock-kneed .

Inknot <Xpage=765>

In*knot" (?) , v. t. To fasten or bind, as with a knot; to knot together.

Fuller.

Inkstand <Xpage=765>

Ink"stand` (?) , n. A small vessel for holding ink, to dip the pen into; also, a device for holding ink and writing materials.

Inkstone <Xpage=765>

Ink"stone" (?) , n. A kind of stone containing native vitriol or subphate of iron, used in making ink.

Inky <Xpage=765>